automotive and industrial · global advanced driver assi stance system (adas) market-...

Automotive and Industrial Applications and Market Trends

Stefano ZanellaSenior Director of Automotive Product Marketing

Agenda

• Industrial market– Applications– Requirements

• Automotive market– Market statistics– Mega trends– Applications– Requirements– Some examples– InvenSense in automotive

InvenSense Developers Conference 20162

Industrial Applications

• Industrial is a very broad term, including, but not limited to– Factory automation– Service robots– Platform stabilization– Military, marine, and aeronautical applications– Medical applications– Vibration monitoring– Many more

• Temperature range: -40C to 85C• High accuracy and temperature stability• Low noise


Industrial Motion Requirements


Specification High‐end Middle‐endFull scale range 50‐500 dps 50‐500 dpsZRO @ 25C 0.1 ‐ 1 dps 1‐2 dpsZRO over T 0.5 ‐ 1 dps 1‐2 dpsSensitivity @ 25C 1% 2%Sensitivity over T 0.5‐1% 2%RSM Noise 0.1 ‐0.2 dps‐rms 1‐5 dps rmsIn‐run bias stability 10 dps/hr 15‐20 dps/hrRandom walk 0.5‐1 dps/sqrt(hr) 1‐2 dps/sqrt(hr)

GyroscopeSpecification High‐end Middle‐endFull scale range 5‐10 g 5‐10 gBias @ 25C <10 mg 10‐20 mgBias over T 2‐5 mg 10‐30 mgSensitivity @ 25C 1% 2%Sensitivity over T 0.50% 1‐2%RSM Noise 2.5 mg‐rms 4 mg‐rmsIn‐run bias stability 0.1 mg 0.5 mgRandom walk 0.1 mg/s/sqrt(hr) 0.5 mg

Accelerometer

Specifications vary considerably from one application to the nextDefinition of high-end and middle-end may vary

Specification High‐end Middle‐endPower 10 ‐ 100 mA 10‐20 mAODR > 1 kHz > 1 kHzTemperature range ‐40 ‐ +85C ‐40 ‐ +85CPrice $100‐$1000 $50‐$100

Other

Global Vehicle Sales


2015 Revenue of top 10 Automakers: ~ $1.2T

Source: ABI Research

2014 Top-10 Revenue (€B)


Automotive Supplier Market Size (€B)


Vehicle Sales by Class



What’s the traditional #1 innovation driver for the

automotive industry?


Regulation

• Governmental agencies want more safety– NHTSA & EU drive safety standards– CARB (California Energy Resources Board) drives emission

standards– Emergency call (aka eCall) mandatory in Europe in 2018– Stolen vehicle tracking

• Safety mandates– Airbag– Stability control– Roll

• Location services (e.g. eCall)– GPS– Dead reckoning– Nearest cell phone tower


Mega Trends in Automotive

• Automotive world driven by regulations, cost, technology, consumer demand– Consumerization of the car– Innovation & Connected car– Autonomous cars– Powertrain electrification– Powertrain efficiency & Emissions– Increase in safety features

• Demographic trends– Emerging economies– Urbanization– Millennials don’t like driving


The Consumerization of the Car

• Ridesharing• Car sharing• Uber, Lyft

• Black box• Parking spot location• Car retrieval• Anti-theft features• Where’s my car• Connected car

• Insurance pay per mile, pay per good behavior

• Geofencing & valet mode• Where’s my car• My kid has my car!

• Where did he go?• How did he drive

• More power to the engine• Greener vehicles• Advanced infotainment• Consumer features• Apple Carplay/Android

Auto/etc.• Autopilot

Innovation Behavior

SharingInformation


Automotive Apps Downloaded


0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

7,000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

(Mill

ions

)

United States

Canada

Asia-Pacific

Latin America

Western Europe

Eastern Europe

Middle East & Africa


Automotive Apps Revenue


0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

(US

$ M

illio

ns)

United States

Canada

Asia-Pacific

Latin America

Western Europe

Eastern Europe

Middle East & Africa


Apple 2015 Revenue: $234BApple 2015 Apps Revenue: $20B

Powertrain Efficiency & Electrification

Trends

Regulations

Gas cost

Less energy per mile driven

Efficient combustion

Cleaner energy sources

More power to the

wheels


• Optimization requires lots of sensing

• Battery protection in case of accident– Acceleration

• Combustion optimization– Pressure and

temperature• Efficiency and reuse

waste energy/heat– Pressure and

temperature• Route optimization

– Heading, angle, acceleration

Autonomous Car

Level DescriptionLevel 0 The driver is in complete and sole control of the primary vehicle controls – brake, steering,

throttle, and motive power – at all times.

Level 1 Automation at this level involves one or more specific control functions. Examples include electronic stability control or pre-charged brakes, where the vehicle automatically assists with braking to enable the driver to regain control of the vehicle or stop faster than possible by acting alone.

Level 2 This level involves automation of at least two primary control functions designed to work in unison to relieve the driver of control of those functions. An example of combined functions enabling a Level 2 system is adaptive cruise control in combination with lane centering.

Level 3 Vehicles at this level of automation enable the driver to cede full control of all safety-critical functions under certain traffic or environmental conditions and in those conditions to rely heavily on the vehicle to monitor for changes in those conditions requiring transition back to driver control. The driver is expected to be available for occasional control, but with sufficiently comfortable transition time.

Level 4 The vehicle is designed to perform all safety-critical driving functions and monitor roadway conditions for an entire trip. Such a design anticipates that the driver will provide destination or navigation input, but is not expected to be available for control at any time during the trip. This includes both occupied and unoccupied vehicles.


Source: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA)http://www.nhtsa.gov/staticfiles/rulemaking/pdf/Automated_Vehicles_Policy.pdf

Autonomous Vehicles Forecast


0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 2032 2033 2034 2035

(Mill

ions

)

Rest of World

Western Europe

Asia-Pacific

North America


Driverless Vehicle Forecast


0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2032 2033 2034 2035

(Mill

ions

)

CommercialVehicle

ConsumerVehicle


ADAS History


Source: BIS Research ([email protected])GLOBAL ADVANCED DRIVER ASSISTANCE SYSTEM (ADAS) MARKET- FORECAST&ANALYSIS, 2016 - 2022

Enabling Technologies for ADAS


• Positional accuracy: 10 cm (4”)

• V2X• J2945™

positional requirements

• ISO-26262• AEC-Q100

Increase Safety

• Before the accident– Less distractions– Advanced collision warning– Lane departure warning– Stability control– Roll prevention– ADAS– Park assist & camera

• During the accident– Airbag– Seat belts

• After the accident– eCall


MEMS Requirements


Automotive MEMS Sensors

Pressure

•Active suspension•Airbag•Automatic transmission•Barometric air pressure•Built-in navigation•Cabin HVAC•Continuous variable transmission

•Cylinder pressure •Diesel common fuel rail•Diesel particle filter•Dual clutch transmission•ESC•Exhaust gas recirculation

•Fuel pressure (low P side)

•Fuel tank vapor•Gasoline direct injection •Manifold absolute pressure

•Oil pressure•Passenger occupation detection

•Pedestrian protection•Tire pressure monitor•Vacuum brake booster

Scanning mirrors & DLP

•Head-up display•Adaptive lighting

Accelerometers

•Active suspension•Airbag•Built-in navigation•E-call, accident sensor•Electronic parking brake•ESC•Pedestrian protection•Roll detection•ADAS•Self-driving vehicles

Gyroscopes

•Vehicle Alarm•Built-in navigation•ESC•Roll detection•Airbag•Active suspensions•E-call, accident sensor•Electronic parking brake•ADAS•Image stabilization•Self-driving vehicles

Microphones

•Hands-free Interface•Noise cancellation array


Other sensors: microbolometers, humidity, thermopiles, flow, etc.

Derived from IHS Technology’s “MEMS Market Tracker”

Automotive Requirements

• AEC-Q100– Reliability standard– Tries to ensure that the IC never breaks– Every OEM has its own set of tests– Main idea: if an IC passes AEC-Q100 it will typically pass all

car maker reliability tests• Keyword typically

– There is no AEC Q100 certification• ISO-26262

– System development safety standard– Tries to ensure that if the IC ever breaks, the risk of adverse

consequences of the failure is limited– Design checklists– Coverage and failure metrics– Formal audits and certificate

• TS16949– Formal audits and certificate


Airbag Sensor Requirements

• Sensor must work during impact– High robustness– High dynamic range (100s g)

• Accelerometer– One axis per direction of impact– High output data rate

• Impact takes ms– Avoidance of false positives– Stability over time and temperature– ISO-26202: ASIL level D (highest)– Vibration robustness


Navigation Sensor Requirements

• Dead-reckoning in GPS-denied situations• Integration requires low noise and low bias

– GNSS can periodically calibrate bias out– Temperature and lifetime stability– Low cross-axis

• Gyroscope output: angular rate– Must integrate to estimate angle– 250 dps enough– Bias stability

• Bottom of Allan curve– Noise < 0.1 dps-rms

• Accelerometer output: acceleration– Must integrate to estimate speed and position– Noise < 5 mg-rms– Few g (2-8)

• A pressure sensor can help height estimation


Dead Reckoning Options

Wheel ticks + steering wheel

angle

• 5-10% accuracy• Two-dimensional

dead reckoning with coarse heading

• Ignores height• Ignores cross-

axis effects

Wheel ticks + Z gyroscope

• 4-7% accuracy• Two-dimensional

(no roll+pitch)• Gyroscope

replaces steering wheel angle for finer heading resolution

• Ignores height• Ignores cross-

axis effects• Heavily

dependent from vehicle frame alignment

Wheel ticks + Z gyroscope +

3 accelerometers

• 2-5%• Accelerometers

used for levelling and coarse roll/pitch estimation

• Typically 2D, but can also provide coarse 3D from accels

• Can estimate cross-axis effects

• Heavily dependent from vehicle frame alignment

Wheel ticks + 6-axis IMU

• 1-3%• Accelerometers

used for levelling and coarse roll/pitch estimation

• Typically 2D, but can also provide coarse 3D from accels

• Can estimate accelerometer biases from the gyroscope


6-axis IMU increases accuracy up to 10x

Advantages of Using Six Axes

• Full 3D navigation solution– 3D positions, 3D velocities, 3D orientations

• Accurate roll and pitch– More accurate roll and pitch using additional two gyroscopes– Decouple gravity from vehicle acceleration

• More accurate heading estimation while driving– Hills (pitch) – Curves (roll)

• Vehicle frame orientation– Freedom of mounting direction helps vehicle design – Larger tolerances help assembly line workers– Accidents

• High output rate for assisted driving applications– E.g. ADAS– Can provide a 3D navigation solution at output rate of accel/gyro

28

Driving Examples

• Few drives to show what happens in a car• Used a cell phone and an IAM-20680

evaluation board strapped to each other => slightly different angles

• San Jose airport drive – Curves– High temperature (>30C)

• San Francisco uphill and downhill– Temperature ~ 12C

• Did not have exact timing information– Integration is approximate– Sampling frequency 3 Hz to 50 Hz nominal

• Maximum acceleration of a Boeing 777 during take-off and landing: ~0.5g


Uphill in San Francisco


Gyroscope Bias


Rad

ians

Offset degrades reading very quickly (0.5 rad error in one minute)

Correcting Gyroscope Bias


Left turnUphill

Stop sign

Vibrations

San Jose Airport Drive

InvenSense Inc. Company Confidential33

Source: Google Maps

SJC Drive - Accelerometer

InvenSense Inc. Company Confidential34

Low speed 90right turn

30 mph 90right turn

35 mph 170left turn

Traffic light

2.5 minutes

m/s2

Sensor not flatx-accel=0.3g, z accel=-0.93g

Lateral acceleration larger than forward acceleration

Car vibrationselectric car, gasolinecar probably higher

pothole

SJC Drive - Gyroscope


Using same offset correction as San Francisco uphill –stable offsetDifferent temperature (>15C/27F) from San Francisco uphill

Lane change

Little or no cross-axis

Higher frequency sampling

Stopped phonesampling

Different time scales (IAM-20680 recorded for slightly longer time)

Impacts


Linder, Avery, Krafft, Kullgren - CHANGE OF VELOCITY AND PULSE CHARACTERISTICS IN REAR IMPACTS: REALWORLD AND VEHICLE TESTS DATA

Impact Accelerometer Data


• >15 g for a 30 km/h (19 mph) • Very fast – first peak after 20 ms• Airbag must deploy very quickly

InvenSense Wide-ranging Automotive Offering

38

Lift GateMotion Detection

NavigationDead/Reckoning

Driver Facing Image Stabilization

Accurate location for V2V

Exterior CamerasImage stabilization

Motion & movement detection

Theft detection

e911location

Motion chassis Control Electronics

Stability Control

Traction Control

Rollover Detection

AdaptiveCruise Control

Pitch StabilityControl

Roll StabilityControl

Adaptive Front-lighting

Fingerprint Detection

Driver/PassengerAuthentication

Audio & MicrophoneSensor systems

MICNoise Cancelation

MIC KWDAccess/ Awareness

IAM-20680 6-Axis Automotive MotionTracking Device

Features• Highly accurate/low noise 3-axis accelerometer• Highly accurate/low noise 3-axis gyroscope• Temperature measurements• Low power • Low component count• Programmable low pass filter• Burst read data via 512-byte FIFO • AEC-Q100 (-40C to 85C)• Small LGA package (3x3-0.75 mm)

39

Status• AEC-Q100 complete• Samples available• Evaluation board available• Preliminary datasheet available• 100% burn-in• Three-temperature testing

Interface Product

Ana

log

PDM

I2S

/ TD

MMicrophone Product Portfolio

ICS-40618• 3.5x2.65x0.98 mm• 67dB SNR / 132dB AOP• Multi-power modes• CS: Now MP: Now

ICS-41350• 3.5x2.65x0.98 mm• 64dB SNR / 120dB AOP• Low Power Mode• CS: Now MP: Now

ICS-43434• 3.5x2.65x0.98 mm• 65dB SNR / 120dB AOP• 475/215uA• CS: Now MP:Now

Note: Roadmap subject to change without prior notice

ICS-40619• 3.5x2.65x0.98 mm• 67dB SNR / 132dB AOP• CS: Now MP: Now

• Highest SNR and dynamic range (AOP) in the market

• High AOP important for noisy and wind-prone situations– E.g. car window rolled

down • Wide choice of interface

– Analog, PDM, TDM• Many more to be

released soon

Summary


Thank [email protected]

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