autonomic nervous...
TRANSCRIPT
Autonomic Nervous System
• Innervates:
Autonomic NS vs. Somatic NS
Skeletal muscle
Cell bodies in centralnervous system Peripheral nervous system Effect
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Effectororgans
ACh
AChSmooth muscle(e.g., in gut),glands, cardiacmuscle
Ganglion
Adrenal medulla Blood vessel
ACh
ACh
ACh
NE
Epinephrine andnorepinephrine
Acetylcholine (ACh) Norepinephrine (NE)
Ganglion
Heavily myelinated axon
Lightly myelinatedpreganglionic axon
Lightly myelinatedpreganglionic axons
Neuro-transmitterat effector
Unmyelinatedpostganglionicaxon
Unmyelinatedpostganglionic axon
Stimulatory
Stimulatoryor inhibitory,dependingon neuro-transmitterandreceptorson effectororgans
Single neuron from CNS to effector organs
Two-neuron chain from CNS to effector organs
SO
MA
TIC
NE
RV
OU
SS
YS
TE
M
AU
TO
NO
MIC
NE
RV
OU
S S
YS
TE
M
PA
RA
SY
MP
AT
HE
TIC
SY
MP
AT
HE
TIC
ANS vs. SNS
ANS – Dual Innervation
• Most visceral organs
ANS – Antagonistic Control
Parasympathetic = D Division
• Digestion
• Defecation
• Diuresis
Sympathetic = E Division
• Excitement
• Exercise
• Embarrassment
• Emergency
Salivaryglands
Eye
Skin*
Heart
Lungs
Liverand gall-bladder
Genitals
Pancreas
Eye
Lungs
Bladder
Liver andgall-bladder
Pancreas
Stomach
Cervical
Sympatheticganglia
Cranial
Lumbar
Thoracic
Genitals
Heart
Salivaryglands
Stomach
Bladder
Adrenalgland
Parasympathetic Sympathetic
Sacral
Brainstem
L1
T1
Craniosacral
vs.
Thoracolumbar
Sympathetic vs. Parasympathetic
Eye
Lacrimalgland
Nasalmucosa
Ciliaryganglion
Pterygopalatineganglion
Submandibularganglion Submandibular
and sublingualglands
CN III
CN VIICN IXCN X
Otic ganglion
Parotid gland
Heart
Lung
Cardiac andpulmonary plexuses
Preganglionic
Postganglionic
Cranial nerve
Parasympathetic Cranial Outflow
PelvicsplanchnicnervesInferiorhypogastric plexus
Liver andgallbladder
Stomach
Pancreas
Urinarybladder and ureters
Smallintestine
Largeintestine
S2
Genitalia(penis, clitoris, and vagina)
Rectum
Celiacplexus
S4
Preganglionic
Postganglionic
Cranial nerve
Parasympathetic Cranial & Sacral Outflow
Sympathetic Division
• More organs – Abdominal and thoracic viscera
– Sweat glands
– Arrector pili
– Vascular smooth muscle
• Multiple pathways
Spinal cord
Dorsal root
Ventral root
Sympathetictrunk ganglion
Sympathetictrunk
Rib
Ventral ramusof spinal nerve
Gray ramuscommunicans
White ramuscommunicans
Thoracic splanchnic nerves
Anatomy Review
To effector
Dermal blood vessels
Skin (arrectorpili musclesand sweatglands)
Dorsal ramus ofspinal nerve
Sympathetictrunk ganglion
Lateral horn (visceralmotor zone)
Ventral root
Sympathetic trunk
Gray ramuscommunicansWhite ramuscommunicans
Ventral ramus ofspinal nerve
Synapse at the same level1
Spinal Nerve Pathway (1)SC to effectors in the skin of the neck, torso, and limbs.
To effector
Dermal blood vessels
Skin (arrectorpili musclesand sweatglands)
Synapse at a higher or lower level2
Spinal Nerve Pathway (2)SC to effectors in the skin of the neck, torso, and limbs.
Postganglionic Sympathetic Nerve Pathway SC to effectors in the thoracic cavity (esophagus, heart, lungs, and thoracic blood vessels), effectors of the skin of the head, neck viscera, and certain eye structures.
Splanchnic nerve
Collateral ganglion(such as the celiac)
Target organin abdomen(e.g., intestine)
Synapse in a distant collateral ganglionanterior to the vertebral column
3
Splanchnic Nerve PathwaySC to effectors in the abdominal and pelvic cavities.
Adrenal Medulla Pathway
Neurotransmitters
Cholinergic Receptors
Nicotinic Receptors
Muscarinic Receptors
The Effect of ACh
Adrenergic Receptors
Alpha and Beta
The Effect of NE/Epi
The Effect of NE/Epi
Distribution of the Parasympathetic Response
One to one
Sympathetic Division
Short, branchingpreganglionic axon
Preganglionicneuron
Autonomic ganglion(close to the vertebral column)
Ganglionic neuron
Long postganglionic axon
Distribution of the Sympathetic Response
One to many
Distribution of the Sympathetic Response
Duration of the Parasympathetic Response
Works fast
Duration of the Sympathetic Response
S-l-o-w
Duration of the Sympathetic Response
An Exception to the Antagonism