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8/10/2019 Avani and Ritija

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SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE

STRUCTURAL STEEL

SUBMITTED TO: PRESENTED BY:

SACHIN SIR AVANI AGRAWAL

MEENAKSHI MADAM RITIJA MEHKAR

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CONTENTS

Introduction

History

Chemical Composition Manufacturing

Properties

Basic Structural steel shapes

Applications And Uses

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INTRODUCTION

Variety of heavy steel shapes (such as the H-beams, I-beams, and T-beams) used as load bearing members ofa structural frame. Collectively called structurals.

Structural steel is steel construction material, a profile,formed with a specific shape or cross section and certainstandards of chemical composition and mechanical

properties. Structural steel shape, size, composition,strength, storage, etc., is regulated in most industrialized

countries. Structural steel members, such as I-beams, havehigh second moments of area, which allow them to be verystiff in respect to their cross-sectional area.

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HISTORY

As far back as the 1700's architects were using iron to formthe structural basis of roofs. Primarily implemented as aneffort to make buildings fireproof, structural erection withiron was the method of choice for most factories andcommercial buildings of the day. The first I-beams madeentirely of wrought iron were made in Paris circa 1847,followed closely by an iron works company in New Jersey.Also used in turn of the century bridge building, wroughtiron soon proved to be too weak to handle extreme weight,

making way for the use of steel.

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CHEMICAL COMPOSITION

CARBON: Higher strength and lower ductibility

MANGANESE: 0.50 % TO 1.70 %

CHROMIUM: Present in small amount and used to

increase the corrosion resistance

COLUMBIUM: Strength enhancing material

OTHERS: Aluminium,Silicon,Nickel,Titanium etc..

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MANUFACTURING

There are two basic processes in use today for themanufacture of structural steel.

Hot-rolled shapes including wide-flange sections, angles andchannels are produced in steel mills utilizing Electric ArcFurnaces (EAF).

Hollow Steel Sections (HSS) are manufactured from rolls ofsheet steel that may have originally been produced in either aBasic Oxygen Furnace (BOF) or an EAF.

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EAF PROCESSThe EAF process uses steel scrap as its basic feedstockmaterial. Scrap from old automobiles, appliances,industrial waste and curbside recycling collection is meltedin large electric furnaces. Impurities skimmed from theliquid steel and chemical additives are introduced to bringthe steel to its desired metallurgical balance. The liquidsteel is then cast into a beam blank that is similar in shapeto a steel beam. The beam blanks are cooled, reheated andthen passed through a series of rollers forming the beaminto its precise geometric shape. The beams are then

straightened, cut into standard shipping lengths, cooled andprepared for shipment. The recycled content of structuralsteel produced using the EAF process averages near 90%.

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BOF PROCESS

The BOF process used to make steel plate or rolled sheetsteel is the more traditional method using iron ore andcoke. Iron ore is melted in a coke (a processed form of

coal) fired blast furnace and then transferred to a ladle. Themolten iron in the ladle is chemically pretreated andintroduced along with steel scrap into the basic oxygenfurnace where the entire mix is melted together whileoxygen is introduced into the middle of the mix through a

water-cooled lance. The molten mix is then poured into aladle for rolling into sheet or plate. The recycled content ofsteel produced using the BOF process averages near 25%.

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PROPERTIES

Corrosion: Structural steel cannot be exposed to the

environment because any moisture, or other contact withwater, will cause it to rust. When the steel rusts it

compromises the structural integrity of the building and

poses a potential danger to the residual or surrounding

occupants.

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Sustanibility:Sustainability is structural steels middlename. Structural steel is the most recycled material on our

planettodays structural steel is made of 88% recycledproduct, is fully recyclable in the future and can be reusedwithout further processing. The carbon footprint of structuralsteel has been reduced by 47% since 1990. Energy used in the

production of structural steel has been reduced by 9% in thepast 10 years and over 30% in the past three decades.

Fire Resistant Property:Steel structural properties andits yield strength considerably decrease as it absorbs heat upon

exposure to a high temperature level.

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BASIC STRUCTURAL STEEL

SHAPES


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USES AND APPLICATIONS

Power Plants:Structural steel is used for powerplant to house large & heavy and critical equipments.

High Rise Buildings: Multi storey buildingfrom 23 m to 150 m height (high rise buildings) and Building

above 150 m height (skyscrapers). High-rise steel structure

can be made for any height as per project requirement.

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Commercial Buildings: As an external rainguard of a building and internal walls of a multistory buildingthere is no height limitation.

Metro Stations: Steel structure with its hightensile strength for tracks and support columns fasterconstruction within congested metro cities.

Others:Refineries, Industrial Sheds, Ware houses,

Cold Storages, Residential, Complexes,Air Craft Hangers,

Commercial Buildings, etc

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THANK YOU

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