avant-grade metering infrastructure attainment …329-334).pdfsupplier to control consumption of...

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Int. J. Elec&Electr.Eng&Telecoms. 2015 P Deepika et al., 2015

AVANT-GRADE METERING INFRASTRUCTUREATTAINMENT USING PLC COMMUNICATION

NETWORKSP Deepika1*, V Viswanathan1, Anil P S1, and M R Srinivasan1

*Corresponding Author: P Deepika,[email protected]

Power line carrier communication is the emerging technology which has placed its mark inadvanced metering infrastructure. Power-line communication (PLC) carries data on a conductorthat is also used simultaneously for AC electric power transmission or electric power distributionto consumers . In this context, device language message specification/companion specificationfor energy metering (DLMS/COSEM) is an increasingly popular standardized application protocolfor communication between utilities and their customers. With this study we have implementedthe PLC communication using Phase Shift Keying technique which helps in two waycommunication. Power line intelligent metering evolution (PRIME) is used to send DLMS/COSEMmessages. We can easily control the power delivered to the client from the EB station. It makessimple by making PREPAID EB CARDS, So that only limited usage is Permitted, no extra orbilling issues will exist. We use an IR reader to sense from the rechargeable cards, and itupdates the value to the Client meter as well as the EB SECTION. As the client consumespower, the meter rotates and the recharged amount gets reduced as per the reading. This willbe updated at the EB section immediately. When the amount goes below a par value, it intimatesthe user. We communicate between the client and the EB section through the power lines. Aspower line cables are present in all corners of India, we can easily monitor the EB through smartmetering. Drawbacks such as high bit error rate, difficulty in monitoring has been overcome inthe hardware implementation. Energy theft involved in the power line can be effectively controlledand identified through this technique. If implemented, this project can reduce the theft involved inpower transmission by which it enhances the power line carrier communication.

Keywords: Power line, Intelligent metering evolution

INTRODUCTIONPower-Line Communication (PLC) carriesdata on a conductor that is also used

ISSN 2319 – 2518 www.ijeetc.comSpecial Issue, Vol. 1, No. 1, March 2015

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Int. J. Elec&Electr.Eng&Telecoms. 2015

1 ECE, Jeppiaar Institute of Technology.

simultaneously for AC electric powertransmission or electric power distribution toconsumers. It is also known as power-line

Research Paper

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carrier, Power-line Digital SubscriberLine (PDSL), mains communication, power-line telecommunications, Power-LineNetworking (PLN). A wide range of power-linecommunication technologies are needed fordifferent applications ranging from homeautomation to Internet access which is oftencalled Broadband over Power Lines (BPL).Most PLC technologies limit themselves to onetype of wires (such as premises wiring withina single building), but some can cross betweentwo levels (for example, both distributionnetwork and premises wiring). Typicallytransformers are used to prevent propagatingthe signals, which requires multipletechnologies to form very large networks.Various data rates and wide range offrequencies are used in different situations.Recent years have seen an increasing interestin narrow-band Power Line Communication(PLC) on the part of utility companies. Althoughthis technology is not new, there are severalcharacteristics that make it suitable for smartgrid applications, such as the automatic meter-reading. As a result, several transceiverdesigns have appeared in the past few yearsas designers have attempted to offer solutionsfor communication via power lines. Earlymodels (X-10 or KNX) made use of a single-carrier technology to modulate data. Thesesolutions were targeted for in-home scenariosusing demotic applications. One of the firstsolutions to implement multi-carriermodulation while working in the Low-Voltage(LV) network is power line intelligent meteringevolution (PRIME), which was introduced in2007.

LITERATURE SURVEYIn [1] the author gave a brief discussion on

Smart Metering. A Smart metering system orissue is captivated by countless profits.Projects in India and other part of countriesprove that smart metering is technicallypracticable. Main issues are real value of thepayback, the outlay involved in the distributionof overheads and gross settlement of smartmetering between markets parties involved.An advanced metering in the road and railnetwork put forward the leeway for auxiliaryenergy allied services such as demand sidemanagement and consciousness of virtualpower plants. The potential of the smartmetering relies profoundly on the policy anddecisiveness of the legislative bodies mixedup. Energy savings and an improved upsecurity of supply are the major drivers anddeems in smart metering as huge targets of anation.

In [2] the author describes about smartmeters. Smart meters are the key componentof the smart grid which helps both the user andsupplier to control consumption of energyaccording to availability of resources.Electricity market is facing the great losses dueto an increase in cost for generation ofresources. The wastage of electric energyagain results in economic problem, thus smartmetering system has been considered as agood method to make use of energy effectively.The proposed energy metering systemconsists of energy meter, communication usingEthernet and web server.

In [3] the authors conducted experiment onPLC. PLC uses electric power lines to carryinformation over the power line. It is a techniqueused for home automation through remotecontrol as it can use the household electricalpower wiring as a transmission medium. PLC

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has been a very important interdisciplinarytopic for power, communication, industrial andautomation engineers and researchers sincethe 1980s. PLC promises to be an enablinghome network technology due to its ability todeliver data over existing power lines in thehomes. Similar to RF, Power line is a sharedmedium that exists in a noisy environment,although the respective of noise sources differmarkedly. Motors, switch-mode powersupplies, fluorescent ballasts, and the otherimpairments, which generate substantialimpulse and wideband noise share powerlines.

X10 PROTOCOLSHousehold electrical wiring (the same whichpowers lights and appliances) is used tosend digital data between X10 devices. Thisdigital data is encoded into a 120 kHz carrierwhich is transmitted as bursts during therelatively quiet zero crossings of the 50 or60 Hz AC alternating current waveform. Onebit of data is transmitted at each zero crossing.The digital data consists of address anda command sent from a controller to acontrolled device.More advanced controllerscan also query equally advanced devices torespond with their status. This status may beas simple as “off” or “on”, or the currentdimming level, or even the temperature orother sensor reading.

Devices usually plugged into the wall wherethe lamp, television, or other householdappliance plugs in; however some built-incontrollers are also available for wall switchesand ceiling fixtures.

The relatively high-frequency carrierfrequency carrying the signal cannot pass

through a power transformer or across thephases of a multiphase system. For the splitphase systems, the signal can be passivelycoupled from phase-to-phase using apassive capacitor, but three phase systemsprovides insufficient coupling, an activeX10 protocol can be used. To allow signals tobe coupled with phases and still match eachphase’s zero crossing point, each bit istransmitted every three times in each andevery half cycle, offset by 1/6 cycles.It may alsobe desirable to block X10 signals from leavingthe local area so, for example, the X10controlled in one house do not interfere withthe X10 controls in a neighboring house. In thissituation, inductive filters could be used

Figure 1: Block Diagram Representationof Avant Grade Metering Infrastructure

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to attenuate the X10 signals coming into orgoing out of the local area.

ProtocolWhether using power line or radiocommunications, packets are transmittedusing the X10 control protocol consist of afour bit house code followed by one or morefour bit unit codes, finally followed by the fourbit commands. For the convenience of theusers configuring a system, the four bit housecode is selected from a letter from A throughP while the four bit unit code is a number 1through 16.When the system is installed, eachcontrolled device is configured to respond toone of the 256 possible addresses (16 housecodes × 16 unit codes); each device reacts tocommands specifically addressed to it, or it ispossibly to several broadcast commands.

The protocol may transmit a message thatsays “select code A4”, followed by “turn on”,which commands unit “A4” to turn on its device.Several number of units can be addressedbefore giving the command and allowing acommand to affect several units . For example,“select A4”, and “select A16” and then “selectA5”, and finally, “turns into on”, causes unitsA4, A5, and A16 to all turn on. Note that thereis no restriction that prevents using more thanone house code within a single house. The “alllights on” command and “all units off”commands will only affect a single house code,so installing using the multiple house codeseffectively has the devices divided intoseparate zones.

One Way vs Two WayInexpensive X10 devices only receivecommands and do not acknowledge theirstatus to the rest of the network. Controller

devices allowed for more robust network butcost two to four times more and require two-way X10 devices.

IMPLEMENTATIONThe implementation has two major modules.

• Hardware Module

• Software Module

Hardware ModuleThe implementation of Hardware module has

• Micro controller (AT89S52),

• Current sensor,

• PC, X10-IC5051,

• IR sensor,

• Voltage sensor,

• RFID reader,

• Drive unit

• LCD

• Power supply

Figure 2: Client Section

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The AT89S52 is a low-power, high-performance CMOS 8-bit microcontroller with8K bytes of in-system programmable Flashmemory. This device is manufactured usingAtmel high-density nonvolatile memorytechnology and is compatible with the Indus-try-standard 80C51 instruction set and pin out.Sensors are an integral part of every automaticcontrol system because they supplyinformation about the actual state of thesystem.

Here we are going to use voltage andcurrent sensor to measure the voltage andcurrent reading. A universal asynchronousreceiver or transmitter is a type of“asynchronous receiver or transmitter”. Figure2 shows the hardware implementation of theclient section. The Figure 3 shows the EBsection hardware.

section. Keil Compiler is used to type andcompile the programs as shown in the Figure4; we have individual section for each user.We have the select the required user.

The Figure 5 shows the Meter number, theavailable balance, current reading and voltagereading. We can switch the power supplied tothe client by clicking on the ON OFF button.

Figure 3: EB Section

Software Module• Embedded C

• Keil compiler

• VB

Visual Basic software is to create the frontend of our project. It is placed in the EB

Figure 4: Module to Select User

Figure 5: Module to See the Consumptionof Each User

CONCLUSIONThus effective smart metering is implementedin hardware considering various plcparameters with reduced noise. PSKtechnique is used for two waysCommunication. The main advantage of theproposed system is that we can overcome the

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error, avoid the electricity theft, Easy to monitorthe metering system, two wayscommunication.If implemented, this projectcan reduce the theft involved in powertransmission by which it enhances the powerline carrier communication.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTI express my thanks to professors who helpedthroughout the designing and implementationof this paper successfully.

REFERENCES1. Aswathy P R and Shanthi C, “An

Automated Energy Metering System-Home Based Approach”, InternationalJournal of Advanced Research inElectronics and InstrumentationEngineering.

2. Halder T, “A Smart Metering System”,Department of Electrical and ElectronicsEngineering, Kalyani GovernmentEngineering College.

3. Javier Matanza, Sadot Alexandres andCarlos Rodríguez-Morcillo, “Advanced

Metering Infrastructure PerformanceUsing European Low-Voltage Power LineCommunication Networks”, IETCommunications.

4. Kim M S, Son D M, Ko Y B and Kim Y H(2008), “A Simulation Study of the PLC-MAC Performance Using NetworkSimulator-2”, IEEE Int. Symp. Power LineCommunications and its Applications(ISPLC), Vol. 2, April, pp. 99-104.

5. Mengi A and Han Vinck A J (2010),“Successive Impulsive NoiseSuppression in OFDM”, Int. Symp. PowerLine Communications and itsApplications (ISPLC), pp. 33-37.

6. Sanz A, Pinero P J, Montoro D andGarcia J I (2012), “High-AccuracyDistributed Simulation Environment forPRIME Networks Analysis andImprovement”, IEEE Int. Symp. PowerLine Communications and itsApplications (ISPLC), pp. 108-113,Beijing, P.R. China.

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