average altitude of the water table (1990-99) and frequency … · 2004. 6. 22. · average...

U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

Open-File Report 02-91

Prepared in cooperation with the

MIAMI-DADE DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTALRESOURCES MANAGEMENT

Tallahassee, Florida

2002

By A.C. Lietz, Joann Dixon, and Michael Byrne

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIORU.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

Average Altitude of the Water Table (1990-99) and Frequency Analysis of Water Levels (1974-99) in the Biscayne Aquifer, Miami-Dade County, Florida

Tamiami Canal

Snake Creek Canal

Leve

e 67

ALe

vee

67C

Leve

e 30

1N

Miami Canal

874

41

836

95

1

826

27

1

25°45′

26°00′

80°45′ 80°30′ 80°15′

CO

LLIE

R C

OU

NT

Y

MIA

MI-

DA

DE

CO

UN

TY

BROWARD COUNTY

MIAMI-DADE COUNTY

UN

TY

WATERCONSERVATION

AREA 3A

WATERCONSERVATION

AREA 3B

OU

NT

Y

EL30

F-179

F-239

F-319

F-45

G-1074B

G-1166

G-1359

G-1362

G-1368A

G-1487

G-1488

G-1502

G-1637

G-3

G-3073G-3074

G-3253

G-3259AG-3264A

G-3272

G-3273

G-3328

G-3329

G-3439

G-3465

G-3466 G-3467

G-3473

G-3551

G-3552

G-3553 G-3554

G-3555G-3557

G-3558G-3559

G-3560

G-3561

G-3562

G-3563

G-3564

G-3565

G-3566

G-3567

G-3568

G-3570

G-3571

G-3572G-3574

G-3575

G-3576

G-3577G-3578

G-3626

G-3627

G-3628

G-3660

G-551

G-553 G-580A

G-594

G-596

G-618

G-620

G-757A

G-852

G-855

G-858

G-860

G-864A

G-968

G-970

G-972

G-973

G-975

G-976

S-18

S-182A

S-19S-68

S-331

NorthwestWell Field

SnapperCreek

Well FieldWest WellField

AlexanderOrr Well

Field

SouthwestWell Field

Hialeah-Miami Springs

Well Field

G-3327

Elevation of water surface = 1.5 feet

Elevation of water surface = 5.5 feet

5 feet

4 feet

3 feet

2 feet

Equipotential lines

Vertical lift gate

F-179 2544 8014 USGS 1990-99F-239 2550 8016 USGS 1990-99F-319 2542 8017 USGS 1990-99F-358 2528 8028 USGS 1990-99G-3 2549 8018 USGS 1990-99

G-3353 2517 8034 USGS 1990-99G-3354 2518 8028 USGS 1990-99G-3355 2523 8030 USGS 1990-99G-3356 2525 8025 USGS 1990-99G-3437 2534 8034 USGS 1990-99

G-3329 2547 8018 USGS 1990-99F-45 2549 8012 USGS 1990-99

Well no. Latitude LongitudeSource of data

Period of record Well no. Latitude Longitude

Source of data

Period of record

Table 1. Inventory of ground-water wells used in development of the Miami-Dade County water-table maps

[Source of data: ENP, Everglades National Park; SFWMD, South Florida Water Management District; USGS, U.S. Geological Survey]

Figure 2. Vertical cross section of gated control structure and hydraulic gradient during closed gate condition.

PREPARED IN COOPERATION WITH THE

MIAMI-DADE COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENTOPEN FILE REPORT 02-91

SHEET 1 OF 6Lietz, A. C., 2002, Average altitude of the water ta ble(1990-99) and frequency analysis

of water levels (1974-99) in the Biscayne aquifer, Miami-Dade County, Florida


INTRODUCTIONMiami-Dade County occupies about 2,000 square miles along

the southeastern part of peninsular Florida. Five prominent physiographic features are located within the confines of Miami-Dade County and include the Atlantic Coastal Ridge, Big Cypress Swamp, the Sandy Flatlands, coastal marshes and mangrove swamps, and the Everglades (fig. 1). The highest altitudes occur along the Atlantic Coastal Ridge (2 to 10 miles wide), ranging from 8 to 15 feet above sea level but may be as high as 20 feet. The Atlantic Coastal Ridge forms a natural barrier to drainage from the interior. The Sandy Flatlands in northeastern Miami-Dade County ranges from 6 to 18 feet above sea level; this area was poorly drained prior to development. The Everglades forms a natural trough across the county, with altitudes ranging from 9 feet above sea level in the northwestern part to about 3 feet above sea level in the southwestern part. A small section of the Big Cypress Swamp occupies northwestern Miami-Dade County, with altitudes ranging from 7 to 10 feet above sea level. Along the coast, marshes and mangrove swamps have altitudes ranging from 0 to 3 feet above sea level (Fish and Stewart, 1991).

The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the Miami-Dade County Department of Environmental Resources Management (DERM), conducted a study to determine the average altitude of the water table in the Biscayne aquifer in Miami-Dade County and to perform a water-level frequency analysis for selected time periods. Water-table maps in this report are based on average yearly May, October, high, and low water levels during the 1990-94, 1995-99, and 1990-99 water years. Data collected in May and October are used to show the yearly water-level conditions at the end of the dry and wet seasons, respectively. Water-level frequency analysis maps (5-, 10-, and 25-year recurrence water levels) in this report are based on analysis of water-level data from continuous water-level recorders for the 1974-99 water year period.

Figure 4. Location of surface-water stations and control structures in Miami-Dade County.

41

27

826

95

836

1

1

874

1

997

1

Tamiami Canal

Canal 111

Leve

e 67

ALe

vee

67C

Leve

e 30

Leve

e 31N

Snake Creek

Miami Canal

Canal

Leve

e 31

W Leve

e 31

E

Homestead

Cutler Ridge

NorthMiami

Hialeah

Miami

ATL

AN

TIC

OC

EA

N

Bis

cayn

e B

ay

25°45′

25°30′

25°15′

26°00′

80°45′ 80°30′ 80°15′

Florida Bay

EVERGLADESNATIONAL

PARK

CO

LLIE

R C

OU

NT

Y

MIA

MI-

DA

DE

CO

UN

TY

0 15 MILES5 10

0 15 KILOMETERS5 10

BROWARD COUNTYMIAMI-DADE COUNTY

MO

NR

OE

CO

UN

TY

WATERCONSERVATION

AREA 3AWATER

CONSERVATIONAREA 3B

BarnesSound

Car

d So

und

MIA

MI-

DA

DE

CO

UN

TY

EVER3EVER4

EVER1EVER2A

EVER2BEVER5B

EVER5A

L31N.7

L31N.5L31N.4

L31N.3

L31N.1

NESR5

NESR4

L67EXT

NESR2NESR1

TAMCGL30.L67

SRS1

SNAKE67

NWWELL

EL30

SNEXT

NP201

NP202

NP206

P33

P38

P36

NP205

TSB

S-149

S-18C

S-332

S-21

S-12DS-12CS-12BS-12A

S-27

S-28

S-30S-31

S-337 S-29

S-120

S-122

S-123

S-20F

S-20GS-21A

S-121

S-195S-196

S-22

S-174

S-194S-331

S-334

G-93

G-58

S-197

S-335

S-119

S-118

S-20

S-167

S-179

S-166

S-175

S-338

S-177

S-165

S-148

S-25

S-25B

S-336

G-119S-333

S-26

G-72

S-32

S-176

S-178

EVER1S-197

EXPLANATION

Gated control structure and numberSurface-water station and number

G-211

Canal 111

Leve

e 3

Leve

e 31

E

Leve

e 31

W 1

1

997

Studyarea

Lake Okeechobee

FloridaBay

ATL

AN

TIC

OC

EA

N

Bis

cayn

e B

ay

25°30′

25°15′

Florida Bay

EVERGLADESNATIONAL

PARK

MO

NR

OE

CO

BarnesSound

Car

d So

und

MIA

MI-

DA

DE

C

EXPLANATION

Well field

Ground-water well and numberG-3353

0 15 MILES5 10

0 15 KILOMETERS5 10

EVER2B

F-358

G-1183

G-1251

G-1363

G-1486

G-3353

G-3354

G-3355

G-3356

G-3437

G-3549

G-3550

G-3619G-3620

G-3621

G-3622

G-613

G-614

G-789

G-864NP44

NP46

NP62

NP67

NP72

S-196A

Figure 3. Location of ground-water wells and well fields in Miami-Dade County.

27

826

95

836

1

1

874

1

997

1

41

ATL

AN

TIC

OC

EA

N

Bis

cayn

e B

ay

25°45′

25°30′

25°15′

26°00′

80°45′ 80°30′ 80°15′

Florida Bay

EVERGLADESNATIONAL

PARK

CO

LLIE

R C

OU

NT

Y

MIA

MI-

DA

DE

CO

UN

TY

0 15 MILES5 10

0 15 KILOMETERS5 10

EXPLANATION


MO

NR

OE

CO

UN

TY

Homestead

Tamiami Canal

Snapper Creek Canal

Mowry Canal

Canal 111

Canal

Canal

Canal

Creek

Black

Model Land

Princeton

DrainCanal

Cutler

FLO

RID

A’S

TU

RN

PIK

E

Leve

e 67

ALe

vee

67C

Leve

e 67

WATERCONSERVATION

AREA 3A

WATERCONSERVATION

AREA 3BLevee 29

Leve

e 30

Leve

e 31

N

NorthMiami

Snake Creek

Biscayne Canal

Little River Canal

Hialeah

Miami Canal

Miami

Silver Bluff

Virginia Key

BarnesSound

Car

d So

und

FLO

RID

A’S

TU

RN

PIK

E

Coral Gables Canal

MIA

MI-

DA

DE

CO

UN

TY

Canal

Studyarea

Lake Okeechobee

FloridaBay

Atlantic Coastal Ridge

Big Cypress Swamp

Sandy Flatlands

Coastal Marshes and Mangrove Swamps

The Everglades

Open water

Canal or stream

Road

CutlerRidge

Figure 1. Physiographic features of Miami-Dade County (modified from Klein and others, 1975).

Well no. Period of record

5-year RWL

95-percent confidence limits

Lower Upper

10-year RWL


Lower Upper

25-year RWL


Lower Upper

Table 4. Statistical summary of recurrence water levels and associated 95-percent confidence limits in Miami-Dade County

[RWL, recurrence water level]

Mean 5.96 6.38 6.919.4 8.4 10.68.3 7.8 9.27.5 7.1 8.2S-196A 1974-997.3 6.7 8.36.5 6.1 7.25.9 5.5 6.4S-182A 1974-998.0 7.1 9.57.0 6.3 8.26.3 5.7 7.1S-68 1974-997.0 6.4 8.06.3 5.8 7.05.7 5.4 6.3S-19 1974-996.1 5.7 6.95.6 5.2 6.15.1 4.8 5.5S-18 1974-995.9 5.2 7.25.4 4.9 6.55.0 4.6 5.8G-3467 1974-996.4 5.5 8.35.4 4.8 6.54.7 4.3 5.4G-3466 1988-996.8 6.0 8.65.9 5.3 6.95.2 4.8 5.9G-3465 1988-996.8 6.5 7.56.6 6.3 7.16.4 6.1 6.8G-3439 1987-993.7 3.5 3.93.5 3.4 3.73.4 3.3 3.5G-3356 1986-995.4 5.2 5.75.3 5.1 5.65.2 5.0 5.4G-3355 1985-993.3 3.2 3.63.2 3.1 3.43.1 3.0 3.3G-3354 1985-992.9 2.7 3.12.7 2.6 2.92.6 2.5 2.8G-3353 1985-996.9 6.4 8.06.3 5.9 7.05.8 5.5 6.3G-3329 1984-994.9 4.5 5.64.4 4.2 4.94.1 3.9 4.4G-3328 1984-995.7 5.3 6.65.1 4.8 5.74.7 4.4 5.1G-3327 1984-99

G-3264A 1984-99 6.0 5.9 6.3 6.2 6.0 6.5 6.4 6.2 6.8G-3259A 1983-99 7.6 7.2 8.2 7.9 7.4 8.6 8.1 7.6 9.0G-3253 1982-99 7.7 6.7 9.1 8.0 7.0 9.6 8.2 7.2 9.9G-3074 1978-99 5.9 5.4 6.6 6.4 5.9 7.4 7.0 6.3 8.2G-3073 1974-99 4.9 4.6 5.4 5.5 5.1 6.2 6.2 5.6 7.3G-1637 1974-99 5.5 5.4 5.6 5.5 5.4 5.7 5.6 5.5 5.7G-1502 1974-99 7.8 7.7 8.0 8.0 7.8 8.2 8.2 8.0 8.4G-1488 1974-99 7.4 7.3 7.6 7.5 7.4 7.7 7.5 7.4 7.7G-1487 1974-99 7.7 7.6 7.9 7.8 7.7 8.0 8.0 7.8 8.2G-1486 1974-99 5.7 5.4 6.2 6.5 6.0 7.2 7.5 6.8 8.7G-1363 1974-99 8.1 7.7 8.7 8.8 8.3 9.7 9.8 9.0 10.9G-1362 1974-99 7.2 6.9 7.6 7.8 7.4 8.4 8.6 8.0 9.5G-1251 1974-99 3.3 3.2 3.4 3.4 3.3 3.6 3.5 3.4 3.7G-1183 1974-99 5.1 4.9 5.5 5.5 5.2 5.9 5.8 5.5 6.4G-1166 1974-99 4.9 4.7 5.2 5.3 5.0 5.6 5.7 5.3 6.2G-976 1974-99 6.2 6.0 6.5 6.3 6.1 6.6 6.4 6.2 6.7G-975 1974-99 6.8 6.7 6.9 6.9 6.7 7.0 6.9 6.8 7.1G-973 1974-99 4.9 4.8 5.1 5.1 4.9 5.4 5.3 5.1 5.7G-972 1974-99 6.0 5.9 6.1 6.0 6.0 8.2 6.1 6.0 6.2 G-970 1974-99 4.5 4.4 4.7 4.8 4.6 5.0 5.0 4.8 5.4G-968 1974-99 8.5 8.3 8.7 8.6 8.4 8.9 8.7 8.5 9.0G-864A 1974-99 7.5 6.9 8.2 8.1 7.4 9.0 8.7 7.9 9.9G-864 1974-99 7.5 7.0 8.3 8.2 7.5 9.2 8.9 8.1 10.2G-860 1974-99 5.1 4.7 5.5 5.8 5.4 6.4 6.9 6.2 8.0G-855 1974-99 7.4 7.2 7.7 8.0 7.6 8.47.7 7.4 8.1

6.7 6.1 7.76.2 5.7 6.95.6 5.2 6.2G-852 1974-997.5 7.2 7.97.1 6.9 7.46.8 6.6 7.1G-789 1974-999.3 8.7 10.28.4 8.0 9.17.8 7.4 8.3G-757A 1974-998.4 8.2 8.78.1 8.0 8.47.9 7.8 8.1G-620 1974-998.3 8.2 8.58.2 8.1 8.48.1 8.0 8.2G-618 1974-999.6 8.7 11.08.3 7.7 9.27.4 7.0 8.0G-614 1974-995.5 5.1 6.15.1 4.8 5.54.7 4.5 5.1G-613 1974-998.6 8.4 9.08.3 8.1 8.68.1 7.9 8.3G-596 1974-997.4 6.7 8.66.4 5.9 7.15.6 5.3 6.2G-580A 1974-997.8 7.2 8.77.0 6.6 7.66.4 6.1 6.9G-553 1974-994.6 4.1 5.54.3 3.9 5.14.0 3.6 4.6G-551 1985-997.8 6.4 10.46.4 5.4 8.25.3 4.6 6.5G-3 1974-998.6 7.9 9.47.6 7.1 8.46.9 6.5 7.5F-358 1974-996.0 5.5 6.85.2 4.9 5.74.7 4.4 5.0F-319 1974-996.7 6.0 8.06.0 5.4 6.95.3 4.9 6.0F-239 1974-997.1 6.3 8.36.2 5.6 7.05.5 5.1 6.0F-179 1974-997.3 6.6 8.56.4 5.9 7.25.7 5.3 6.2F-45 1974-99

Site no.May October High Low

Average yearly water level, in feet

1995-99Differ-ence 1990-94 1995-99

Differ-ence 1990-94 1995-99

Differ-ence 1990-94 1995-99

Differ-ence

Table 3. Differences in average yearly May, October, high, and low water levels from selected sites in Miami-Dade County, 1990-94 and 1995-99

[Site locations shown in figures 3 and 4. Wells G-551, G-1074B, G-1368A, G-3073, and G-3253 are within municipal well fields. All other sites are outside municipal well fields. All sites are ground-water wells, except for NP206 and SRS1, which are surface-water stations]

1990-94

Average 0.65 0.38 0.37 0.47

SRS1 7.36 1.06 7.32 8.49 1.17 7.87 8.89 1.02 4.94 7.16 2.22 6.30NP206 4.80 .66 5.80 6.56 .76 6.03 6.76 .73 3.36 4.23 .87 4.14S-18 2.06 .02 2.46 2.41 -.05 4.03 4.48 .45 1.56 1.51 -.05 2.04G-3356 2.08 .36 2.52 2.63 .11 3.21 3.28 .07 1.05 1.30 .25 1.72G-3253 1.70 2.29 2.90 5.89 2.99 4.65 6.36 1.71 -2.01 .13 2.14-.59G-3073 3.25 .97 3.05 3.26 .21 4.05 5.00 .95 .74 2.57 1.83 2.28G-1368A -2.10 -.40 -.75 -.49 .26 3.33 2.96 -.37 -4.79 -7.77 -2.98-1.70G-1362 4.08 .64 4.60 4.79 .19 6.13 6.57 .44 2.81 3.43 .62 3.44G-1074B -5.06 2.20 -3.55 -3.75 -.20 1.50 .89 -.61 -8.78 -7.50 1.28-7.26G-973 2.90 .43 3.38 3.60 .22 4.52 4.61 .09 2.03 2.46 .43 2.47G-551 -.16 -.39 1.79 .79 -1.00 3.43 3.47 .04 -.55 -1.62 -1.07 .23F-179 2.02 0.01 2.91 2.76 -0.15 4.84 4.72 -0.12 1.44 1.52 0.08 2.01

Site

identifi-cation

Latitude LongitudeSourceof data

Periodof

record

Site identifi-cation

Latitude LongitudeSource of data

Period of

record

S-25 254752 801444 SFWMD 1990-99S-25B 254738 801545 SFWMD 1990-99S-26 254829 801549 USGS 1990-99S-27 255055 801120 SFWMD 1990-99S-28 255215 801042 SFWMD 1990-99S-29 255542 800903 SFWMD 1990-99S-30 255724 802553 SFWMD 1990-99S-31 255634 802625 SFWMD 1990-99S-32 255633 802622 SFWMD 1990-99S-118 253722 802030 SFWMD 1990-99S-119 253833 802018 SFWMD 1990-99S-120 254015 801917 SFWMD 1990-99S-121 254113 802139 SFWMD 1990-99S-122 253539 802053 SFWMD 1990-99S-123 253637 801828 SFWMD 1990-99S-148 253412 802258 SFWMD 1990-99S-149 253531 802140 SFWMD 1990-99S-165 253233 802434 SFWMD 1990-99S-166 253106 802556 SFWMD 1990-99S-167 253009 802748 SFWMD 1990-99S-174 252901 803348 SFWMD 1990-99S-175 252504 803425 SFWMD 1990-99S-176 252858 803346 SFWMD 1990-99S-177 252410 803330 SFWMD 1990-99S-178 252429 803126 SFWMD 1990-99S-179 252825 802452 SFWMD 1990-99S-194 253459 802842 SFWMD 1990-99S-195 253304 802346 SFWMD 1990-99S-196 253101 803041 SFWMD 1990-99S-197 251713 802629 SFWMD 1990-99S-331 265538 802035 SFWMD 1990-99S-332 252523 803525 USGS 1990-99S-333 254539 804027 USGS 1990-99S-334 254542 803008 SFWMD 1990-99S-335 254634 802858 SFWMD 1990-99S-336 254541 802948 SFWMD 1990-99S-337 255632 802627 SFWMD 1990-99S-338 253938 802849 SFWMD 1990-99SNAKE67 255750 801840 USGS 1990-99SNEXT 255026 802313 USGS 1990-99SRS1 254754 803343 USGS 1990-99TAMCG 254543 801942 SFWMD 1990-99TSB 252405 803625 ENP 1990-99

EL30 255628 802623 USGS 1990-99EVER1 251950 802606 USGS 1990-99EVER2A 251857 802841 USGS 1990-99EVER2B 251843 802837 USGS 1990-99EVER3 252053 803028 USGS 1990-99EVER4 252019 803247 USGS 1990-99EVER5A 251710 803422 USGS 1990-99EVER5B 251714 803408 USGS 1990-99G-58 255400 800943 SFWMD 1990-99G-72 255209 802021 SFWMD 1990-99G-93 254418 801712 SFWMD 1990-99G-119 254542 802837 SFWMD 1990-99L30.L67 254540 803340 SFWMD 1990-99L31N.1 254453 802953 USGS 1995-99L31N.3 254302 802950 USGS 1995-99L31N.4 254206 802946 USGS 1995-99L31N.5 254109 802950 USGS 1995-99L31N.7 253947 802954 USGS 1995-99L67EXT 254100 804024 USGS 1990-99NESR1 254130 803805 USGS 1990-99NESR2 254311 803326 USGS 1990-99NESR4 253824 803910 USGS 1990-99NESR5 253755 803942 USGS 1990-99NP201 254306 804332 ENP 1990-99NP202 253941 804244 ENP 1990-99NP205 254123 805053 ENP 1990-99NP206 253243 804021 ENP 1990-99NWWELL 255328 802613 USGS 1990-99P 33 253654 804209 ENP 1990-99P 36 253142 804745 ENP 1990-99P 38 252214 805001 ENP 1990-99S-12A 254543 804911 USGS 1990-99S-12B 254540 804605 USGS 1990-99S-12C 254540 804334 USGS 1990-99S-12D 254543 804054 USGS 1990-99S-18C 251949 803131 USGS 1990-99S-20 252201 802235 SFWMD 1990-99S-20F 252746 802051 SFWMD 1990-99S-20G 252921 802050 SFWMD 1990-99S-21 253234 801952 USGS 1990-99S-21A 253109 802046 SFWMD 1990-99S-22 254012 801702 SFWMD 1990-99

Table 2. Inventory of surface-water stations and control structures used in development of the Miami-Dade County water-table maps

[Source of data: ENP; Everglades National Park; SFWMD, South Florida Water Management District; USGS, U.S. Geological Survey]

G-551 2541 8023 USGS 1990-99G-553 2539 8020 USGS 1990-99G-580A 2540 8018 USGS 1990-99G-594 2552 8027 USGS 1990-99G-596 2538 8030 USGS 1990-99G-613 2524 8032 USGS 1990-99G-614 2532 8026 USGS 1990-99G-618 2545 8036 USGS 1990-99G-620 2540 8046 USGS 1990-99G-757A 2535 8028 USGS 1990-99G-789 2529 8033 USGS 1990-99G-852 2554 8010 USGS 1990-99G-855 2540 8029 USGS 1990-99G-858 2538 8024 USGS 1990-99G-860 2537 8019 USGS 1990-99G-864 2526 8030 USGS 1990-99G-864A 2536 8030 USGS 1990-99

G-972 2555 8026 USGS 1990-99G-973 2552 8021 USGS 1990-99G-975 2552 8027 USGS 1990-99G-976 2549 8025 USGS 1990-99G-1074B 2542 8020 USGS 1990-99G-1166 2553 8019 USGS 1990-99G-1183 2529 8023 USGS 1990-99G-1251 2519 8033 USGS 1990-99G-1359 2547 8025 USGS 1990-99G-1362 2536 8026 USGS 1990-99G-1363 2532 8030 USGS 1990-99G-1368A 2549 8017 USGS 1990-99G-1486 2530 8026 USGS 1990-99G-1487 2540 8029 USGS 1990-99G-1488 2549 8028 USGS 1990-99G-1502 2536 8035 USGS 1990-99G-1637 2557 8025 USGS 1990-99G-3073 2541 8021 USGS 1990-99G-3074 2541 8021 USGS 1990-99G-3253 2550 8024 USGS 1990-99G-3259A 2550 8024 USGS 1990-99G-3264A 2550 8022 USGS 1990-99G-3272 2540 8034 USGS 1995-99G-3273 2537 8034 USGS 1990-94G-3327 2548 8016 USGS 1990-99G-3328 2547 8016 USGS 1990-99

G-968 2556 8027 USGS 1990-99G-970 2557 8022 USGS 1990-99

NP 72 2523 8042 ENP 1990-99S-18 2555 8014 USGS 1990-99S-19 2548 8017 USGS 1990-99S-68 2548 8017 USGS 1990-99S-182A 2535 8021 USGS 1990-99S-196A 2530 8029 USGS 1990-99

G-3571 2556 8018 USGS 1995-99G-3572 2544 8024 USGS 1995-99G-3573 2540 8009 USGS 1995-99G-3574 2544 8029 USGS 1995-99G-3575 2542 8029 USGS 1995-99G-3576 2544 8030 USGS 1995-99G-3577 2542 8030 USGS 1995-99G-3578 2542 8030 USGS 1995-99G-3619 2522 8033 USGS 1995-99G-3620 2523 8032 USGS 1995-99G-3621 2521 8029 USGS 1995-99G-3622 2529 8034 USGS 1995-99G-3626 2537 8032 USGS 1995-99G-3627 2536 8030 USGS 1995-99G-3628 2535 8032 USGS 1995-99G-3660 2542 8029 USGS 1995-99NP 44 2526 8043 ENP 1990-99NP 46 2519 8047 ENP 1990-99NP 62 2526 8046 ENP 1990-99NP 67 2519 8039 ENP 1990-99

G-3439 2544 8026 USGS 1990-99G-3465 2548 8017 USGS 1990-99G-3466 2548 8017 USGS 1990-99G-3467 2548 8016 USGS 1990-99G-3473 2542 8026 USGS 1990-99G-3549 2529 8021 USGS 1995-99G-3550 2529 8021 USGS 1995-99G-3558 2543 8028 USGS 1995-99G-3559 2544 8029 USGS 1995-99G-3560 2541 8028 USGS 1995-99G-3561 2540 8026 USGS 1995-99G-3562 2551 8015 USGS 1995-99G-3563 2543 8020 USGS 1995-99G-3564 2549 8014 USGS 1995-99G-3565 2542 8024 USGS 1995-99G-3566 2549 8019 USGS 1995-99G-3567 2553 8026 USGS 1995-99G-3568 2546 8021 USGS 1995-99G-3570 2545 8017 USGS 1995-99

Water-level data for the maps were collected by Everglades National Park (ENP), the USGS, and the South Florida Water Management District (SFWMD). Data for ENP sites were provided as averages by ENP. Determination of averages for the USGS data was performed using options available in the USGS Automated Data Processing System (ADAPS), and averages for the SFWMD data were determined from options available in the SFWMD Hydrometeorologic and Water-Quality Database (DBHYDRO). The ENP, USGS, and SFWMD data are reported as mean daily water levels and are referenced to sea level. In this report, sea level refers to the National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929 (NGVD of 1929)-a geodetic datum derived from a general adjustment of the first-order level nets of both the United States and Canada, formerly called Sea Level Datum of 1929. In this report, horizontal coordinate information is referenced to the North American Datum of 1983 (NAD 83).

HYDROLOGIC ASSESSMENT OF THE BISCAYNE AQUIFER

The surficial aquifer system is the source of potable water supplies for Miami-Dade County and most of southeastern Florida. Sediments of the aquifer system have a wide range of permeability and locally may be divided into one or more aquifers separated by less-permeable or semiconfining units (Fish and Stewart, 1991, p. 10). The geologic materials comprising the surficial aquifer system are mainly limestone, sandstone, sand, shell, and clayey sand with minor clay or silt that range from Pliocene to Holocene (Causaras, 1987).

The uppermost layer of the surficial aquifer system is the highly permeable, unconfined Biscayne aquifer – the sole municipal water source for Miami-Dade County. The Biscayne aquifer may be more than 100 feet thick near the coast, but thins to just a few feet in the Everglades to the west. The aquifer is composed of the Pamlico Sand, Miami Limestone, Anastasia Formation, Key Largo Limestone, and Fort Thompson Formation of Pleistocene age. Contiguous, highly permeable beds of the Tamiami Formation of Pliocene and late Miocene age are present where at least 10 feet of the section is very highly permeable, with a horizontal hydraulic conductivity of about 1,000 feet per day or more (Fish and Stewart, 1991, p. 12). The Biscayne aquifer is highly transmissive, and solution-riddled limestone and sandstone may have hydraulic conductivities of more than 10,000 feet per day. Municipal supply wells in the aquifer are capable of high yields with very little drawdown (Klein and others, 1975).

Because of the close hydraulic connection that exists between ground water and surface water as a result of the highly transmissive nature of the Biscayne aquifer, the manmade control structures have a profound effect on the hydrology in Miami-Dade County. Consequently, canals may be classified as either “gaining”

or “losing” depending on the canal stages in relation to the surrounding water table. During the wet season, gated control structures are opened to discharge excess water, and canal stages are lowered relative to the surrounding water table, and ground water seeps into the “gaining” canals. During the dry season, the canals continue to receive ground water and transport it seaward to the coastal control structures. However, owing to closed gates that retard advancement of saltwater intrusion, a steep hydraulic gradient exists at the control structures, and surface water recharges to the surrounding aquifer and the canals become “losing” (fig. 2). This phenomenon substantially affects the average altitude and configuration of the water table. Physical factors affecting the water table include: (1) recharge from rainfall and irrigation, (2) surface-water impoundment, (3) pumping from municipal well fields, (4) evapotranspiration, and (5) aquifer material permeability (the hydraulic gradient steepens as permeability decreases).

Average Altitude of the Water TableGround water flows in the direction of the steepest hydraulic

gradient. For purposes of contour map development, it was assumed that the Biscayne aquifer exists under homogeneous and isotropic conditions and that the ground-water flow lines are perpendicular to the contour lines. However, because the contours are based on average water levels, they represent the average flow direction for a specific time period. Inventories of ground-water wells (fig. 3) and surface-water stations (fig. 4) used in the development of the water-table contour maps are presented in tables 1 and 2, respectively. However, not all wells were used for every map because of missing record or because some wells were not in service during the specific time periods (1990-99, 1990-94, and 1995-99). The ground-water data are from continuous recorder wells (10 to 100 feet deep) completed in the Biscayne aquifer.

Development of Water-Table Maps

Knowledge of the method used in the development of the water-table maps is necessary for an understanding of the information depicted by the maps themselves. The average or mean of a data set is a “nonresistant” measure of location in the data set, and as such, is subject to the effects of outliers, which commonly occur during extreme hydrologic events (Helsel and Hirsch, 1992). This is true for rainfall and its effects on water levels in southern Florida. Precipitation during the wet season generally results from high-intensity localized storms. Thus, average water levels may be much higher or lower in one area of Miami-Dade County based on localized rainfall than in another area. Additionally, seasonal changes in municipal pumping may affect average water levels at wells located within cones of depression. Seasonal changes in operation of the gated control structures on both the inland and coastal canals also may affect average ground-water and surface-water levels due to the close hydraulic connection between surface water and ground water in Miami-Dade County.

Evaluation of water-table contours tends to be difficult and may lend itself to various interpretations due to the highly subjective nature of contour development and lack of sufficient data points in local basins to adequately assess the water table. Thus, the contour maps portray the average altitude of the water table that has occurred over a wide range of hydrologic, meteorologic, and seasonal conditions and changes in water-management practices as opposed to the water table that would exist based on synoptic water-level measurements made over a short time period. An examination of the data was made to ensure that a nearly complete record existed for each of the wells to avoid skewing of the data due to excessive loss of record. Furthermore, installation of new wells in northeastern and central Miami-Dade County in 1994 resulted in additional data points for use in defining the water table during 1995-99.

Results

A general examination of the average water-table maps (pls. 1-4) in Miami-Dade County reveals patterns in the hydraulic gradient and consequent ground-water flow. The water-conservation areas, the extensive levee system, operation of the gated control system on the canals, and the existence of municipal pumping centers are major factors affecting the hydraulic gradient in Miami-Dade County. The highest ground-water levels are maintained in Water Conservation Area 3A, located west of Levee 67A and north of Tamiami Canal. South of Tamiami Canal in ENP, ground water flows to the south and southwest. East of ENP, ground water flows generally to the south and southeast as illustrated by the contour lines and the orientation of the canal system, which discharges water to the coast in that area. North of Tamiami Canal, west of Miami Canal, and east of Levee 30, the

AVERAGE ALTITUDE OF THE WATER TABLEIN THE BISCAYNE A

hydraulic gradient is predominately to the east and northeast. North of Miami Canal, the gradient is predominately to the east and southeast, with the water table generally assuming a flatter configuration than that to the south. The Hialeah-Miami Springs and Northwest Well Fields are major influences on the average altitude of the water table in these areas. Ground-water levels gradually decline until sea level is reached along the southern and eastern coasts of Miami-Dade County. Ground-water mounds occur during periods of high water levels as shown in the average yearly October and high water-table maps (pls. 2 and 3, respectively). The presence of ground-water mounds in northeastern Miami-Dade County is largely the result of less permeable surficial sands of the Biscayne aquifer in that region.

Steep hydraulic gradients are common at coastal canal control structures as well as at secondary canal control structures farther inland. As a result of the steep gradients (using a contour interval of 1 foot), convergence of the contour lines is evident at the coastal control structures especially when the gates are closed or partially open.

Six major municipal well fields substantially affect the average altitude of the water table in the Biscayne aquifer in Miami-Dade County (pls. 1-4). The Northwest and Hialeah-Miami Springs Well Fields are located north of Tamiami Canal as illustrated by the cones of depression in this region. The West, Southwest, Alexander Orr, and Snapper Creek Well Fields are all located south of Tamiami Canal. The West Well Field is relatively new and is located near Levee 31N canal. Pumping began in the West Well Field in 1996. Numerous smaller well fields are dispersed throughout Miami-Dade County.

Water-Level Trend and Frequency AnalysisThe USGS software program, PEAKFQ (Thomas and others,

1998), was used for the frequency analysis of water levels. This analysis was performed on yearly maximum water levels for 58

(1990-99) AND FREQUQUIFER, MIAMI-DAD

By

2002A.C. Lietz, Joann Dixon, and Michael Byr

USGS ground-water wells having at least 10 years of data, mostly from 1974 to 1999 (table 1). Prior to these determinations, the yearly maximum water levels were trend adjusted to more closely match current water levels. Trends were performed by use of a modification of Kendall’s tau, called the Mann-Kendall test, in which the monotonic increase or decrease of a specific variable is determined (Helsel and Hirsch, 1992). Only about one-third of the wells showed any statistically significant trend in yearly maximum water levels.

Frequency analysis was performed on the trend-adjusted water levels. Estimates were determined for yearly maximum water levels having recurrence intervals of 5, 10, and 25 years (20, 10, and 4 percent yearly exceedance probabilities). Maps were created, showing ground-water wells and water levels corresponding to each recurrence interval (pl. 5). Using the PEAKFQ program, a Pearson Type III distribution was fitted to the logarithms of the yearly maximum water levels. The parameters of the Pearson Type III frequency curve were estimated by the logarithmic sample moments (mean, standard deviation, and coefficient of skewness), and the frequency curve was computed according to the following equation:

This distribution defines the probability that any given yearly maximum water level will exceed a specified altitude.

^log Q = X + Sk ,s,p G,p

where:

Q̂ is the systematic frequency curve at exceedance s,p

probability p,

X is the mean logarithm,

S is the standard deviation, and

k is the Pearson Type III standardized ordinate for G,p

station skew G, and exceedance probability p.

ENCY ANALYSIS OF WAE COUNTY, FLORIDA

ne

Changes in Water Levels

A comparison of differences in average water levels at various locations in the Biscayne aquifer was made for 10 ground-water wells and 2 surface-water stations. Results indicate that between 1990-94 and 1995-99, differences in average yearly May, October, high, and low water levels were 0.65, 0.38, 0.37, and 0.47 feet, respectively (table 3). Water levels generally were higher in 1995-99, which may be the result of above-normal rainfall (due to El Niño effects and tropical storms) that occurred during the latter period as well as changes in municipal pumping or water-management practices.

The greatest average yearly May, October, high, and low water levels in areas unaffected by municipal pumping occurred at surface-water stations SRS1 and NP206. Most of the data show positive changes in water level between 1990-94 and 1995-99 at the 12 ground- and surface-water sites (table 3). Of the sites outside municipal well fields, negative differences occurred only at well F-179 in east-central Miami-Dade County for the average yearly October and high water levels and at well S-18 in northeastern Miami-Dade County for the average yearly October and low water levels.

A comparison of the water-level data between 1990-94 and 1995-99 indicates that negative differences also occurred at wells within municipal well fields. Negative differences were found at well G-1368A in the Hialeah-Miami Springs Well Field for average yearly May, high, and low water levels. Pumping was reduced at this well field from 1984 to 1992 owing to contamination of the supply wells; consequently, pumping was shifted to the Northwest Well Field during this period (Sonenshein and Koszalka, 1996). Most of the pumping eventually was shifted back to the Hialeah-Miami Springs Well Field in 1992. Negative differences also were found at well G-1074B in the Alexander Orr Well Field for average yearly October and high water levels and at well G-551 in the Southwest Well Field for the average yearly May, October, and low water levels.

Recurrence Water Levels

Statistical summaries were prepared for 5-, 10-, and 25-year recurrence water levels and associated 95-percent confidence limits at 58 wells in Miami-Dade County (table 4). The associated confidence limits indicate that there is a 95-percent probability that the true value lies between the lower and upper limits (table 4). The 5-, 10-, and 25-year recurrence water levels are those water levels that are: (1) likely to be exceeded only once every 5, 10, or 25 years, respectively, or (2) likely to be exceeded 20, 10, or 4 times, respectively in every 100 years.

Results indicate that the maximum 5-year recurrence water level was 8.5 feet at well G-968 along Levee 30 in north-central Miami-Dade County. The maximum 10- and 25-year recurrence water levels of 8.8 and 9.8 feet, respectively, occurred at well G-1363 east of Levee 31N in south-central Miami-Dade County. The minimum 5-, 10-, and 25-year recurrence water levels of 2.6, 2.7, and 2.9 feet, respectively, occurred at well G-3353 in south Miami-Dade County. The mean 5-, 10-, and 25-year recurrence water levels for all sites were 5.96, 6.38, and 6.91 feet, respectively.

TER LEVELS (1974-99

REFERENCES CITEDCausaras, C.R., 1987, Geology of the surficial aquifer system,

Dade County, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4126, 245 p., 3 sheets.

Fish, J.E., and Stewart, Mark, 1991, Hydrogeology of the surficial aquifer system, Dade County, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 90-4108, 50 p., 11 pls.

Helsel, D.R., and Hirsch, R.M., 1992, Statistical methods in water resources: Amsterdam, Elsevier Publishers, 529 p.

)

Klein, Howard, Armbruster, J.T., McPherson, B.F., and Freiberger, H.J., 1975, Water and the south Florida environment: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 24-75, 165 p.

Sonenshein, R.S., and Koszalka, E.J., 1996, Trends in water-table altitude (1984-93) and saltwater intrusion (1974-93) in the Biscayne aquifer, Dade County, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-705, 2 sheets.

Thomas, W.O., Lumb, A.M., Flynn, K.M., and Kirby, W.H., 1998, User’s manual for program PEAKFQ, annual flood frequency analysis using Bulletin 17B guidelines: 89 p.

Note: Schematic insetnot to scale

and canal

Miam

i Canal

S-31

S-337

S-32

S-32AStudyarea

Lake Okeechobee

FloridaBay


MIAMI-DADE COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT

OPEN FILE REPORT 02-91May water levels, plate 1 - SHEET 2 OF 6

Lietz, A. C., 2002, Average altitude of the water table (1990-99) and frequency analysis of water levels (1974-99) in the Biscayne aquifer, Miami-Dade County, Florida

PLATE 1. MAPS SHOWING ALTITUDE BASED ON AVERAG


GROUND-WATER WELL

SURFACE-WATER STATION

CONTROL STRUCTURE

WELL FIELD

WATER-TABLE CONTOUR--Shows altitude of water table. Hachures indicate depression. Dashed where approximately located. Contour interval 0.5 and 1 foot. Datum is sea level

CANAL AND LEVEE

EXPLANATION

2

27

41

1

997

1

874

836

826

95

1

1

Tamiami Canal

Snake Creek

Canal

Canal 111

Leve

e 67

ALe

vee

67C

Leve

e 30

Leve

e 31

N

Miami Canal

Leve

e 31

E

Leve

e 31

W ATL

AN

TIC

OC

EA

N

Bis

cayn

e B

ay

25°45′

25°30′

25°15′

26°00′

80°45′ 80°30′ 80°15′

Florida Bay

EVERGLADESNATIONAL

PARK

CO

LLIE

R C

OU

NT

Y

MIA

MI-

DA

DE

CO

UN

TY


MO

NR

OE

CO

UN

TY

WATERCONSERVATION

AREA 3A

WATERCONSERVATION

AREA 3B

BarnesSound

Car

d So

und

MIA

MI-

DA

DE

CO

UN

TY

0 15 MILES5 10

0 15 KILOMETERS5 10

3

3

2

21

0

3215

4

2

1

1

3

2

8

7

6

5

4

3 22

2

1

1

2

0.5

2.5

-6.0

6

NorthwestWell Field

SnapperCreek

Well Field

West WellField

AlexanderOrr Well

Field

SouthwestWell Field


Well Field

AVERAGE MAY WATER LEVELS 1990-99

SEE INSET

BELOW

27

41

1

997

1

874

836

826

95

1

1

Tamiami Canal

Snake Creek

Canal

Canal 111

Leve

e 67

ALe

vee

67C

Leve

e 30

Leve

e 31

N

Miami Canal

Leve

e 31

E

Leve

e 31

W ATL

AN

TIC

OC

EA

N

Bis

cayn

e B

ay

25°45′

25°30′

25°15′

26°00′

80°45′ 80°30′ 80°15′

Florida Bay

EVERGLADESNATIONAL

PARK

CO

LLIE

R C

OU

NT

Y

MIA

MI-

DA

DE

CO

UN

TY


MO

NR

OE

CO

UN

TY

WATERCONSERVATION

AREA 3A

WATERCONSERVATION

AREA 3B

BarnesSound

Car

d So

und

MIA

MI-

DA

DE

CO

UN

TY

0 15 MILES5 10

0 15 KILOMETERS5 10

2

3

1

1

1

1

1

210

2

01

6

24

3

22

5

8

7

6

5

4

3

3

2

1

2

0.52.5

-7

NorthwestWell Field

SnapperCreek

Well FieldAlexanderOrr Well

Field

SouthwestWell Field


Well Field


SEE INSET

BELOW

OF THE WATER TABLE IN THE BISCAYNE AQUIFER, MIAMI-E YEARLY MAY WATER LEVELS FOR 1990-99, 1990-94, AND

ByA.C. Lietz, Joann Dixon, and Michael Byrne

2002

INSET

Levee 30

27

41

1

997

1

874

836

826

95

1

1

Tamiami Canal

Snake Creek

Canal

Canal 111

Leve

e 67

ALe

vee

67C

Leve

e 30

Leve

e 31

N

Miami Canal

Leve

e 31

E

Leve

e 31

W ATL

AN

TIC

OC

EA

N

Bis

cayn

e B

ay

25°45′

25°30′

25°15′

26°00′

80°45′ 80°30′ 80°15′

Florida Bay

EVERGLADESNATIONAL

PARK

CO

LLIE

R C

OU

NT

Y

MIA

MI-

DA

DE

CO

UN

TY


MO

NR

OE

CO

UN

TY

WATERCONSERVATION

AREA 3A

WATERCONSERVATION

AREA 3B

BarnesSound

Car

d So

und

MIA

MI-

DA

DE

CO

UN

TY

0 15 MILES5 10

0 15 KILOMETERS5 10

3

1

3

2

2

1

43

2

76

4

4

2

3

3

2 1

58

7

6

5

43

2

3

1

2

-0.53

-5

NorthwestWell Field

SnapperCreek

Well Field

West WellField

Alexander Orr Well

Field

SouthwestWell Field


Well Field


SEE INSET

BELOW

DADE COUNTY, FLORIDA, 1995-99

Studyarea

Lake Okeechobee

FloridaBay


Levee 30and canal

Miam

i Canal

S-31

S-337

S-32

S-32A



OPEN FILE REPORT 02-91October water levels, plate 2 - SHEET 3 OF 6


PLATE 2. MAPS SHOWING ALTITUDE OBASED ON AVERAGE Y


GROUND-WATER WELL


CONTROL STRUCTURE

WELL FIELD


CANAL AND LEVEE

EXPLANATION

2

27

41

1

997

1

874

836

826

95

1

1

Tamiami Canal

Snake Creek

Canal

Canal 111

Leve

e 67

ALe

vee

67C

Leve

e 30

Leve

e 31

N

Miami Canal

Leve

e 31

E

Leve

e 31

W ATL

AN

TIC

OC

EA

N

Bis

cayn

e B

ay

25°45′

25°30′

25°15′

26°00′

80°45′ 80°30′ 80°15′

Florida Bay

EVERGLADESNATIONAL

PARK

CO

LLIE

R C

OU

NT

Y

MIA

MI-

DA

DE

CO

UN

TY


MO

NR

OE

CO

UN

TY

WATERCONSERVATION

AREA 3A

WATERCONSERVATION

AREA 3B

BarnesSound

Car

d So

und

MIA

MI-

DA

DE

CO

UN

TY

0 15 MILES5 10

0 15 KILOMETERS5 10

SEE INSET

BELOW

AVERAGE OCTOBER WATER LEVELS 1990-99

4

3

2

2

4.5

7

6

5

4

4

23

4

3

2

5

10

9

8

7

6

5

43

2

2

1.53.5

-3.5

NorthwestWell Field

SnapperCreek

Well Field

West WellField

AlexanderOrr Well

Field

SouthwestWell Field


Well Field

27

41

1

997

1

874

836

826

95

1

1

Tamiami Canal

Snake Creek

Canal

Canal 111

Leve

e 67

ALe

vee

67C

Leve

e 30

Leve

e 31

N

Miami Canal

Leve

e 31

E

Leve

e 31

W ATL

AN

TIC

OC

EA

N

Bis

cayn

e B

ay

25°45′

25°30′

25°15′

26°00′

80°45′ 80°30′ 80°15′

Florida Bay

EVERGLADESNATIONAL

PARK

CO

LLIE

R C

OU

NT

Y

MIA

MI-

DA

DE

CO

UN

TY


MO

NR

OE

CO

UN

TY

WATERCONSERVATION

AREA 3A

WATERCONSERVATION

AREA 3B

BarnesSound

Car

d So

und

MIA

MI-

DA

DE

CO

UN

TY

0 15 MILES5 10

0 15 KILOMETERS5 10

SEE INSET

BELOW

AVERAGE OCTOBER WATER LEVELS 1990-94

4

2

3

3

21

4

3

76

4 2

3

4

3

2

5

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

3

2

2

2.03.2

-3.5

NorthwestWell Field

SnapperCreek

Well Field

AlexanderOrr Well

Field

SouthwestWell Field


Well Field

F THE WATER TABLE IN THE BISCAYNE AQUIFER, MIAMI-EARLY OCTOBER WATER LEVELS FOR 1990-99, 1990-94, AN


2002

27

41

1

997

1

874

836

826

95

1

1

Tamiami Canal

Snake Creek

Canal

Canal 111

Leve

e 67

ALe

vee

67C

Leve

e 30

Leve

e 31

N

Miami Canal

Leve

e 31

E

Leve

e 31

W ATL

AN

TIC

OC

EA

N

Bis

cayn

e B

ay

25°45′

25°30′

25°15′

26°00′

80°45′ 80°30′ 80°15′

Florida Bay

EVERGLADESNATIONAL

PARK

CO

LLIE

R C

OU

NT

Y

MIA

MI-

DA

DE

CO

UN

TY


MO

NR

OE

CO

UN

TY

WATERCONSERVATION

AREA 3A

WATERCONSERVATION

AREA 3B

BarnesSound

Car

d So

und

MIA

MI-

DA

DE

CO

UN

TY

0 15 MILES5 10

0 15 KILOMETERS5 10

SEE INSET

BELOW

INSETAVERAGE OCTOBER WATER LEVELS 1995-99

4

3

2

3

4

2

1

7

64

44

4

2

3

3

2

5

510

9

8

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

2

13.5 -3.5

NorthwestWell Field

SnapperCreek

Well Field

West WellField

AlexanderOrr Well

Field

SouthwestWell Field


Well Field

DADE COUNTY, FLORIDA, D 1995-99

Studyarea

Lake Okeechobee

FloridaBay


Levee 30and canal

Miam

i Canal

S-31

S-337

S-32

S-32A



OPEN FILE REPORT 02-91High water levels, plate 3 - SHEET 4 OF 6


PLATE 3. MAPS SHOWING ALTITUDE OBASED ON AVERAGE


GROUND-WATER WELL


CONTROL STRUCTURE

WELL FIELD


CANAL AND LEVEE

EXPLANATION

2

27

41

1

997

1

874

836

826

95

1

1

Tamiami Canal

Snake Creek

Canal

Canal 111

Leve

e 67

ALe

vee

67C

Leve

e 30

Leve

e 31

N

Miami Canal

Leve

e 31

E

Leve

e 31

W ATL

AN

TIC

OC

EA

N

Bis

cayn

e B

ay

25°45′

25°30′

25°15′

26°00′

80°45′ 80°30′ 80°15′

Florida Bay

EVERGLADESNATIONAL

PARK

CO

LLIE

R C

OU

NT

Y

MIA

MI-

DA

DE

CO

UN

TY


MO

NR

OE

CO

UN

TY

WATERCONSERVATION

AREA 3A

WATERCONSERVATION

AREA 3B

BarnesSound

Car

d So

und

MIA

MI-

DA

DE

CO

UN

TY

0 15 MILES5 10

0 15 KILOMETERS5 10

SEE INSET

BELOW

AVERAGE YEARLY HIGH WATER LEVELS 1990-99

5

5

4

43.5

5.5

7

6

4

45

4

3

3

3

8

910

7

6

6

6

5

4

3

3.55 1.5

8

NorthwestWell Field

SnapperCreek Well Field

West WellField

SouthwestWell Field


Well Field

AlexanderOrr Well

Field

27

41

1

997

1

874

836

826

95

1

1

Tamiami Canal

Snake Creek

Canal

Canal 111

Leve

e 67

ALe

vee

67C

Leve

e 30

Leve

e 31

N

Miami Canal

Leve

e 31

E

Leve

e 31

W ATL

AN

TIC

OC

EA

N

Bis

cayn

e B

ay

25°45′

25°30′

25°15′

26°00′

80°45′ 80°30′ 80°15′

Florida Bay

EVERGLADESNATIONAL

PARK

CO

LLIE

R C

OU

NT

Y

MIA

MI-

DA

DE

CO

UN

TY


MO

NR

OE

CO

UN

TY

WATERCONSERVATION

AREA 3A

WATERCONSERVATION

AREA 3B

BarnesSound

Car

d So

und

MIA

MI-

DA

DE

CO

UN

TY

0 15 MILES5 10

0 15 KILOMETERS5 10

SEE INSET

BELOW

AVERAGE YEARLY HIGH WATER LEVELS 1990-94

2

4

5

5

5

5

67

23

3

4

4

4

4

45

6

89

7

66

6

5

43

3

2

2

3.5

3.5

4.5

2

NorthwestWell Field

SnapperCreek

Well Field

SouthwestWell Field


Well Field

AlexanderOrr Well

Field

F THE WATER TABLE IN THE BISCAYNE AQUIFER, MIAMI- YEARLY HIGH WATER LEVELS FOR 1990-99, 1990-94, AND


2002

27

41

1

997

1

874

836

826

95

1

1

Tamiami Canal

Snake Creek

Canal

Canal 111

Leve

e 67

ALe

vee

67C

Leve

e 30

Leve

e 31

N

Miami Canal

Leve

e 31

E

Leve

e 31

W ATL

AN

TIC

OC

EA

N

Bis

cayn

e B

ay

25°45′

25°30′

25°15′

26°00′

80°45′ 80°30′ 80°15′

Florida Bay

EVERGLADESNATIONAL

PARK

CO

LLIE

R C

OU

NT

Y

MIA

MI-

DA

DE

CO

UN

TY


MO

NR

OE

CO

UN

TY

WATERCONSERVATION

AREA 3A

WATERCONSERVATION

AREA 3B

BarnesSound

Car

d So

und

MIA

MI-

DA

DE

CO

UN

TY

0 15 MILES5 10

0 15 KILOMETERS5 10

SEE INSET

BELOW

INSETAVERAGE YEARLY HIGH WATER LEVELS 1995-99

5

3

5

64

3

3

6

6

6.5

87

4

6

6

55

5

3

5

8

9

10

7

6

6

6

5

4

3

4

7

7

3

3.5

5

1

NorthwestWell Field

SnapperCreek

Well Field

West WellField

SouthwestWell Field


Well Field

AlexanderOrr Well

Field


Studyarea

Lake Okeechobee

FloridaBay


Levee 30and canal

Miam

i Canal

S-31

S-337

S-32

S-32A



OPEN FILE REPORT 02-91Low water levels, plate 4 - SHEET 5 OF 6


PLATE 4. MAPS SHOWING ALTITUDE OBASED ON AVERAG


GROUND-WATER WELL


CONTROL STRUCTURE

WELL FIELD


CANAL AND LEVEE

EXPLANATION

2

27

41

1

997

1

874

836

826

95

1

1

Tamiami Canal

Snake Creek

Canal

Canal 111

Leve

e 67

ALe

vee

67C

Leve

e 30

Leve

e 31

N

Miami Canal

Leve

e 31

E

Leve

e 31

W ATL

AN

TIC

OC

EA

N

Bis

cayn

e B

ay

25°45′

25°30′

25°15′

26°00′

80°45′ 80°30′ 80°15′

Florida Bay

EVERGLADESNATIONAL

PARK

CO

LLIE

R C

OU

NT

Y

MIA

MI-

DA

DE

CO

UN

TY


MO

NR

OE

CO

UN

TY

WATERCONSERVATION

AREA 3A

WATERCONSERVATION

AREA 3B

BarnesSound

Car

d So

und

MIA

MI-

DA

DE

CO

UN

TY

0 15 MILES5 10

0 15 KILOMETERS5 10

SEE INSET

BELOW

AVERAGE YEARLY LOW WATER LEVELS 1990-99

1-1-6

0

2

10

1

1

2

7

8

6

5

4

3

3

2

2

1

1

-11.5

-1.0

-8

6

NorthwestWell Field

SnapperCreek

Well Field

West WellField

SouthwestWell Field


Well Field

AlexanderOrr Well

Field

27

41

1

997

1

874

836

826

95

1

1

Tamiami Canal

Snake Creek

Canal

Canal 111

Leve

e 67

ALe

vee

67C

Leve

e 30

Leve

e 31

N

Miami Canal

Leve

e 31

E

Leve

e 31

W ATL

AN

TIC

OC

EA

N

Bis

cayn

e B

ay

25°45′

25°30′

25°15′

26°00′

80°45′ 80°30′ 80°15′

Florida Bay

EVERGLADESNATIONAL

PARK

CO

LLIE

R C

OU

NT

Y

MIA

MI-

DA

DE

CO

UN

TY


MO

NR

OE

CO

UN

TY

WATERCONSERVATION

AREA 3A

WATERCONSERVATION

AREA 3B

BarnesSound

Car

d So

und

MIA

MI-

DA

DE

CO

UN

TY

0 15 MILES5 10

0 15 KILOMETERS5 10

SEE INSET

BELOW

AVERAGE YEARLY LOW WATER LEVELS 1990-94

2

12

34

5

-0.5-4.51

7

6

5

4

3

2

2

1

1

0

-0.5

1-0.5

-8

NorthwestWell Field

SnapperCreek

Well Field

SouthwestWell Field


Well Field

AlexanderOrr Well

Field

F THE WATER TABLE IN THE BISCAYNE AQUIFER, MIAMI-E YEARLY LOW WATER LEVELS FOR 1990-99, 1990-94, AND


2002

27

41

1

997

1

874

836

826

95

1

1

Tamiami Canal

Snake Creek

Canal

Canal 111

Leve

e 67

ALe

vee

67C

Leve

e 30

Leve

e 31

N

Miami Canal

Leve

e 31

E

Leve

e 31

W ATL

AN

TIC

OC

EA

N

Bis

cayn

e B

ay

25°45′

25°30′

25°15′

26°00′

80°45′ 80°30′ 80°15′

Florida Bay

EVERGLADESNATIONAL

PARK

CO

LLIE

R C

OU

NT

Y

MIA

MI-

DA

DE

CO

UN

TY


MO

NR

OE

CO

UN

TY

WATERCONSERVATION

AREA 3A

WATERCONSERVATION

AREA 3B

BarnesSound

Car

d So

und

MIA

MI-

DA

DE

CO

UN

TY

0 15 MILES5 10

0 15 KILOMETERS5 10

SEE INSET

BELOW

INSETAVERAGE YEARLY LOW WATER LEVELS 1995-99

3

1

1

21

-7.5

3

0.5

65

8

7

6

5

3

3

4

4

2

2

1

-1.53

-0.5

-7

-1.5

NorthwestWell Field

SnapperCreek

Well Field

West WellField

SouthwestWell Field


Well Field

AlexanderOrr Well

Field


Studyarea

Lake Okeechobee

FloridaBay



OPEN FILE REPORT 02-91Recurrence water levels, plate 5 - SHEET 6 OF 6



PLATE 5. MAPS SHOWINGIN MIA

EXPLANATION

2.7G-3353 GROUND-WATER WELL AND VALUE--Upper number is well

identification. Lower number is water level in feet

WELL FIELD

27

41

1

997

1

874

836

826

95

1

1

Tamiami Canal

Snake Creek

Canal

Canal 111

Leve

e 67

ALe

vee

67C

Leve

e 30

Leve

e 31

N

Miami Canal

Leve

e 31

E

Leve

e 31

W ATL

AN

TIC

OC

EA

N

Bis

cayn

e B

ay

25°45′

25°30′

25°15′

26°00′

80°45′ 80°30′ 80°15′

Florida Bay

EVERGLADESNATIONAL

PARK

CO

LLIE

R C

OU

NT

Y

MIA

MI-

DA

DE

CO

UN

TY


MO

NR

OE

CO

UN

TY

WATERCONSERVATION

AREA 3A

WATERCONSERVATION

AREA 3B

BarnesSound

Car

d So

und

MIA

MI-

DA

DE

CO

UN

TY

0 15 MILES5 10

0 15 KILOMETERS5 10

5-YEAR RECURRENCE WATER LEVELS

5.7

5.5

5.3

4.7

6.9

5.3

4.0

6.45.6

8.1

4.7

7.4

8.1

7.9

7.8

6.8

5.6

7.4

5.1

7.5

7.5

8.5

4.5

6.0

4.9

6.8

6.2

4.9

5.1

3.3

7.2

8.1

5.7

7.7

7.4

7.8

5.5

4.9

5.9

7.7

7.6

6.0

4.7

4.15.8

2.6

3.1

5.2

3.4

6.4

5.2

4.7

5.0

5.1

5.76.3

5.9

7.5

NorthwestWell Field


West WellField

AlexanderOrr Well

Field

SouthwestWell Field


Well Field

G-3356

G-3353

G-1251G-3354

G-3355

G-613

G-864A

G-864

G-620

G-1503

G-396

G-1487

G-789

S-196A

F-358G-1183

G-1486

G-614

G-1363

G-757A G-1362

S-182A

G-860

G-553G-855

G-3439

G-551

G-3073

G-3074

F-319

G-580A

F-179G-618

G-1488G-976

G-3253

G-3259A

G-3264A

G-973

G-975

G-972

G-968G-1637

G-970

G-973S-18 G-852

F-45F-239

S-68G-3467

G-3327

G-3328

G-3466

G-3329

G-3465

S-19

G-3

27

41

1

997

1

874

836

826

95

1

1

Tamiami Canal

Snake Creek

Canal

Canal 111

Leve

e 67

ALe

vee

67C

Leve

e 30

Leve

e 31

N

Miami Canal

Leve

e 31

E

Leve

e 31

W ATL

AN

TIC

OC

EA

N

Bis

cayn

e B

ay

25°45′

25°30′

25°15′

26°00′

80°45′ 80°30′ 80°15′

Florida Bay

EVERGLADESNATIONAL

PARK

CO

LLIE

R C

OU

NT

Y

MIA

MI-

DA

DE

CO

UN

TY


MO

NR

OE

CO

UN

TY

WATERCONSERVATION

AREA 3A

WATERCONSERVATION

AREA 3B

BarnesSound

Car

d So

und

MIA

MI-

DA

DE

CO

UN

TY

0 15 MILES5 10

0 15 KILOMETERS5 10


6.4

6.2

6.0

5.2

7.6

6.4

4.3

7.06.4

8.3

5.1

8.3

8.2

8.1

8.4

7.1

6.2

7.7

5.8

8.2

8.1

8.6

4.8

6.0

5.1

6.9

6.3

5.3

5.5

3.4

7.8

8.8

6.5

7.8

7.5

8.0

5.5

5.5

6.4

8.0 7.9

6.2

5.1

4.46.3

2.7

3.2

5.3

3.5

6.6

5.9

5.4

5.4

5.6

6.37.0

6.5

8.3

NorthwestWell Field

SnapperCreek Well FieldWest

WellField

AlexanderOrr Well

Field

SouthwestWell Field


Well Field

G-3356

G-3353

G-1251G-3354

G-3355

G-613

G-864A

G-864

G-620

G-1503

G-396

G-1487

G-789 S-196A

F-358

G-1183

G-1486

G-614G-1363

G-757A G-1362S-182A

G-860

G-553G-855

G-3439

G-551G-3073

G-3074

F-319

G-580A

F-179G-618

G-1488 G-976

G-3253 G-3259A

G-3264A

G-973

G-975

G-972

G-968G-1637

G-970

G-973

S-18

G-852

F-45F-239

S-68G-3467

G-3327G-3328

G-3466

G-3329

G-3465

S-19

G-3


2002

RECURRENCE WATER LEVELS OF 5, 10, AND 25 YEMI-DADE COUNTY, FLORIDA, 1974-99

27

41

1

997

1

874

836

826

95

1

1

Tamiami Canal

Snake Creek

Canal

Canal 111

Leve

e 67

ALe

vee

67C

Leve

e 30

Leve

e 31

N

Miami Canal

Leve

e 31

E

Leve

e 31

W ATL

AN

TIC

OC

EA

N

Bis

cayn

e B

ay

25°45′

25°30′

25°15′

26°00′

80°45′ 80°30′ 80°15′

Florida Bay

EVERGLADESNATIONAL

PARK

CO

LLIE

R C

OU

NT

Y

MIA

MI-

DA

DE

CO

UN

TY


MO

NR

OE

CO

UN

TY

WATERCONSERVATION

AREA 3A

WATERCONSERVATION

AREA 3B

BarnesSound

Car

d So

und

MIA

MI-

DA

DE

CO

UN

TY

0 15 MILES5 10

0 15 KILOMETERS5 10


7.3

7.1

6.7

6.0

8.6

7.8

4.6

7.8 7.4

8.6

5.5

9.6

8.3

8.4

9.3

7.5

6.7

8.0

6.9

8.9

8.7

8.7 5.0

6.1

5.36.9

6.4

5.7

5.8

3.5

8.6

9.8

7.5

8.0

7.5

8.2

5.6

6.2

7.0

8.28.1

6.4

5.7

4.96.9

2.9

3.3

5.4

3.7

6.8

6.8

6.4

5.9

6.1

7.08.0

7.3

9.4

NorthwestWell Field


West WellField

AlexanderOrr Well

Field

SouthwestWell Field


Well Field

G-3356

G-3353

G-1251G-3354

G-3355

G-613

G-864A

G-864

G-620

G-1503

G-396

G-1487

G-789

S-196A

F-358

G-1183G-1486

G-614G-1363

G-757A G-1362

S-182A

G-860

G-553

G-855

G-3439

G-551

G-3073

G-3074

F-319

G-580A

F-179G-618

G-1488 G-976

G-3253G-3259A

G-3264A

G-973G-975

G-972

G-968G-1637

G-970

G-973S-18

G-852

F-45F-239

S-68G-3467

G-3327

G-3328

G-3466

G-3329

G-3465

S-19

G-3

ARS

average altitude of the water table (1990-99) and frequency … · 2004. 6. 22. · average...

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