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Wh
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Region for measuringeggshell temperature
•Theonlyequipmentrequiredformeasuringeggshelltemperatureisamedicalinfraredearthermometer.
• ItisrecommendedtouseaBraunThermoscanexacTemp(ModelIRT4520,type6022).
•Correctregionformeasuringshelltemperatureisshownbelow.
tHe PRoceDuRe FoR MeAsuRINg eggsHeLL teMPeRAtuRe
How to...MeasureeggshellTemperature
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•Theobjectiveistosampleeggswithinthemachinefromlocationsontheleftandright,frontandbackandtop,middleandbottomofthesetter.Theexactlocationswillvarywithmachinedesignbutattempttocoverallareasofthesetter.
•donotchosetraysattheverytoporbottomofthetrolleyorrack.
•Chooseeggsinthecenteroftheincubatortraytomonitor;thoseattheedgesofthetraywillbecooler.
•Togetacompleteprofileofthesetter,eggswillneedtobemonitoredateachstageofincubation.
ThEPrOCEdurEFOrMEaSurINgEggShEllTEMPEraT
urE
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Where anD When to CheCk eggshell teMperature
Thermal image of eggs on a setter tray. Note that the temperature of the air cells and eggs at the edge of the tray is cooler than temperature at the equator of eggs in
the center of the tray.
38.3oC/100.9oF
30.9oC/87.6oF
How to...MeasureEggshellTemperature
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ThEPrOCEdurEFOrMEaSurINgEggShEllTEMPEraT
urE
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step 1: Checkthatthemeasuringtipofthethermometeriscleanandthatithasanewplasticcoveron.(Someolderthermometertypesmayneedtobekeptatincubationtemperaturefor30minutespriortousetopreventanerrormessage).
step 2: Planwheretosampleeggshelltemperaturesbeforeopeningthesetterdoor,sothatitwillbepossibletoworkquicklyonceinside.Ensureeachareaofthesetterismonitored.
step 3: Ifitisnotpossibletoworkinsidethesettersafelywhileitisoperating,turnitoffandmeasureasmanyeggsaspossiblein10minutes.Ifitisnotpossibletomeasureeggsatalllocationswithin10minutes,closeandrestartthesetterandreturnafter30minutestocompletethemeasurements.
step 4: Measureshelltemperatureattheequatoroftheegg,notatthetoporbottom.Makesurethetipofthethermometerisflatagainsttheeggshellsurface.
step 5: Sample3eggsfromthecenterofeachsettertray.Foreggsinthesecondhalfofincubation,rejectanymeasurementthatissignificantlycooler(>0.4°C/0.7°F)thantheothereggsonthetrayasitislikelythereisnoembryointheegg.
step 6: recordresults.determineaverageeggshelltemperatureandspreadofeggshelltemperatures.
step 7: Compareresultsagainstgraphonpage5todetermineifincubationtemperaturecorrect.
How to...MeasureEggshellTemperature
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INTE
rPrETINgrESulTS
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InterpretIng eggshell teMperature
•Theobjectiveisformostoftheeggstobewithintheidealtemperaturerange(37.8–38.3oC/100–101oF)throughouttheincubationperiod.
• Insingle-stagesystemsthisisachievedbyadjustingthetemperatureprogramateachageofincubation.
• Inmulti-stagesystemswhereonlyonetemperaturesettingcanbeused,theremayhavetobeacompromisebetweentherequirementsforthestartandtheendofincubation.Itisprobablethatatthestartofincubationitwillbenecessarytohaveeggscoolerthanidealinordertoensurethateggsdonotbecometoohotattheendofincubation.
•highincubationtemperatureisnormallymoredamagingthanlowincubationtemperature.
• Ifthereisawidespreadofeggshelltemperaturesacrossonemachineitmayindicatethatitneedsmaintenance.
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37.8
36.7
37.2
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38.9
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1 2 3 4 5 6 117 128 13 169 14 1710 15 18
Day of Incubation
she
ll te
mp
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ure
(oC
) shell tem
perature ( oF)
Danger
risk
Ideal
risk
Delayed hatch
How to...MeasureEggshellTemperature
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INTE
rPrETINgrESulTS
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sIngle-stage MaChInes MultI-stage MaChInes
Note: Prior to any alteration of setter operating temperatures, ensure that there are no
maintenance problems with the machine.
Danger risk Ideal risk Delayed hatch
Note: Prior to any alteration of setter operating temperatures, ensure that there are no
maintenance problems with the machine and multi-stage loading of the setter is correct.
Temperatureswithinidealrange:noadjustmentsrequired.
Temperatureswithinidealrange:noadjustmentsrequired.
Temperaturesfromday14onwardstoohigh:lowerincubatortemperaturetobringday14-18
temperaturesintoidealrange.
Temperaturesatthestartofincubationinlowriskareaandattheendofincubationwithinthehighriskarea:
noadjustment.
Temperaturesfromday8-10toolow:increaseincubatortemperaturetobringday8-10temperatures
intoidealrange.
Temperaturesfromday16onwardindangerrange:lowerincubatortemperaturetobringday16onward
temperaturesintoriskrange.
36.1
37.8
36.7
37.2
38.3
38.9
39.4
1 2 3 4 5 6 117 128 13 169 14 1710 15 18
Day of Incubation
she
ll te
mp
erat
ure
(oC
) shell tem
perature ( oF)
36.1
37.8
36.7
37.2
38.3
38.9
39.4
1 2 3 4 5 6 117 128 13 169 14 1710 15 18
Day of Incubation
she
ll te
mp
erat
ure
(oC
) shell tem
perature ( oF)
36.1
37.8
36.7
37.2
38.3
38.9
39.4
1 2 3 4 5 6 117 128 13 169 14 1710 15 18
Day of Incubation
she
ll te
mp
erat
ure
(oC
) shell tem
perature ( oF)
36.1
37.8
36.7
37.2
38.3
38.9
39.4
1 2 3 4 5 6 117 128 13 169 14 1710 15 18
Day of Incubation
she
ll te
mp
erat
ure
(oC
) shell tem
perature ( oF)
36.1
37.8
36.7
37.2
38.3
38.9
39.4
1 2 3 4 5 6 117 128 13 169 14 1710 15 18
Day of Incubation
she
ll te
mp
erat
ure
(oC
) shell tem
perature ( oF)
36.1
37.8
36.7
37.2
38.3
38.9
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10339.4
1 2 3 4 5 6 117 128 13 169 14 1710 15 18
Day of Incubation
she
ll te
mp
erat
ure
(oC
) shell tem
perature ( oF)
exaMples oF teMperature proFIles
MeasureEggshellTemperature
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How to...
Wh
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WHy MeAsuRe eggsHeLL teMPeRAtuRe?•Correctsettertemperatureiscriticalforhatchinggoodqualitychicks.
•settertemperatureiswhatisexperiencedbytheembryoinsidetheegg.Itisnottheairtemperatureofthesetter.
•eggshellsurfacetemperatureiscloselyrelatedtointernaleggtemperature(seegraphbelow).Itisthereforeausefultoolfordeterminingwhetherornotsettertemperatureiscorrect.
•shelltemperaturecanbeeasilymeasuredusingamedicalinfraredthermometer.
•Optimumshelltemperatureformaximumhatchandchickqualityis37.8-38.3oC(100-101oF)throughoutthewholesettingperiod.
•knowledgeofeggshelltemperaturesallowssettertemperaturestobeadjustedtooptimizeconditionsfordifferencesinembryoheatproductionandmachinedesign.
•Measurementofeggshelltemperatureshouldbeusedtoestablishthecorrectmachinetemperaturesettingforthetypeofeggthatisbeingincubatedandforthedesignofsetter.
• Itshouldnotbeusedforcalibratingsettersorcheckingmachinetemperatureuniformity.
Measuredinternaleggandeggshelltemperatureduringtheincubationperiodwhenincubatedataconstanttemperature–basedonTazawa&Nakagawa(1985)andFrench(1997)
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37.2 99
37.8 100
38.3 101
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10Day of Incubation
Incubatoreggshell
tem
per
atur
e (°
c) tem
perature (°F)
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How to...MeasureeggshellTemperature
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Measure Eggshell Temperature.03