Diseases of Poultry II.Diseases of Poultry II.

DR. NAGY EÖRSNÉDR. NAGY EÖRSNÉCentral Veterinary Institute, BudapestCentral Veterinary Institute, Budapest

Department of Poultry PathologyDepartment of Poultry Pathology

ANTE MORTEM INSPECTIONANTE MORTEM INSPECTION

At the farm before transportation to the slaughterhouse the poultry At the farm before transportation to the slaughterhouse the poultry flock must be examined by veterinarian.flock must be examined by veterinarian.

A certificate must be composed on the results of this inspection and A certificate must be composed on the results of this inspection and the pre-life of the flockthe pre-life of the flock

If the certificate is available – and it is negative – and it does not If the certificate is available – and it is negative – and it does not indicate the necessity of special measures, the ante mortem inspection indicate the necessity of special measures, the ante mortem inspection at the slaughterhouse will include the identification of transported at the slaughterhouse will include the identification of transported flock and control of injuries took place during transportation, flock and control of injuries took place during transportation, furthermore the examination of dead birds.furthermore the examination of dead birds.

Based on these data and examinations the veterinarian decides whether Based on these data and examinations the veterinarian decides whether the flock will be submitted to normal or special slaughter or further the flock will be submitted to normal or special slaughter or further special examination.special examination.

HUNGARIAN ZOO SANITARY CODEHUNGARIAN ZOO SANITARY CODE41/1997.(V. 28.) FM. r.41/1997.(V. 28.) FM. r.

Notifiable DiseasesNotifiable Diseases

O.I.E. list A O.I.E. list A – Newcastle diseaseNewcastle disease (Paramyxovirus) (Paramyxovirus)– Avian influenzaAvian influenza (Orthomyxovirus) (Orthomyxovirus)– Duck plaqueDuck plaque (Herpesvirus) (Herpesvirus)

Viral DiseasesViral Diseases

Newcastle diseaseNewcastle disease Avian influenzaAvian influenza Fowl poxFowl pox Infectious bronchitisInfectious bronchitis Infectious laryngotracheitisInfectious laryngotracheitis Infectious bursitis Infectious bursitis Marek's diseaseMarek's disease

Newcastle diseaseNewcastle disease

Notifiable disease !Notifiable disease ! Avian paramyxovirus (Avian paramyxovirus (serserotype 1, 8 otype 1, 8

genotypes)genotypes) different pathogenity (v, m, l, a)different pathogenity (v, m, l, a) chicken, pheasant, turkey, pigeon, wild birds chicken, pheasant, turkey, pigeon, wild birds

(water fowl)(water fowl) SensitivitySensitivity: 56 °C - 3 min: 56 °C - 3 min

pH 3 - 3 min pH 3 - 3 min disinfectan disinfectantt

Clinical signsClinical signs: : respiratory disease respiratory disease enteritidisenteritidisnervnervousous signs signsmarked drop in egg productionmarked drop in egg production

Pathology:Pathology:– haemorrhageshaemorrhages on seromembranes, on seromembranes,

on mucosal membraneson mucosal membranes(proventricul(proventriculii, small intestine,, small intestine, cecaceca, , -lymphoid tonsils -, -lymphoid tonsils -, tracheatrachea, pharynx, pharynx))

– enteritidisenteritidis

– diphtheriod diphtheriod inflammation on lymphoid tonsilsinflammation on lymphoid tonsils on pharyon pharynxnx

Isolation Isolation of virus (pathogenicity)of virus (pathogenicity)

Prevention / VaccinationPrevention / Vaccination

Differential diagnosisDifferential diagnosis(septicaemia, CRD, IBD, ILT, IB, Fowl pox, (septicaemia, CRD, IBD, ILT, IB, Fowl pox, pneumovirus, coccidiosis, mycotoxicosis) pneumovirus, coccidiosis, mycotoxicosis)

if NDV is observed on the farm:if NDV is observed on the farm:

In compliance with EU directive 93/119/EC, In compliance with EU directive 93/119/EC, depopulation of infected flocks may take place depopulation of infected flocks may take place using the following methods/drugs/systems:using the following methods/drugs/systems:

Electronarcosis by water dippingElectronarcosis by water dipping Decapitation and dislocation of the neckDecapitation and dislocation of the neck Gassing with carbon dioxideGassing with carbon dioxide Vacuum tankVacuum tank

if NDV is observed in the slaughter-house if NDV is observed in the slaughter-house everything is condemned, and everything has to be everything is condemned, and everything has to be desinfecteddesinfected

Fowl poxFowl pox

Poxviridae, Poxviridae, AvipoxAvipox

SensitivitySensitivity: 50°C heating 30 min: 50°C heating 30 min 60°C 8 min 60°C 8 min in dry scabs for months/yearsin dry scabs for months/years pH 5-9 resistantpH 5-9 resistant

cucutaneous formtaneous form nodular (proliferative) lesions on the comb, wattle, nodular (proliferative) lesions on the comb, wattle, eyelids, other non feathered areaseyelids, other non feathered areas

diphtheroid formdiphtheroid form nodules on mucosal membranes of pharynx, nodules on mucosal membranes of pharynx, trachea, oesophagus trachea, oesophagus

sspecial histopathologicalpecial histopathological changes changes (cytoplasmic inclusion body)(cytoplasmic inclusion body)

Infectious LaryngotracheitisInfectious Laryngotracheitis

HerpesvirusHerpesvirus Sensitivity:Sensitivity: mild (halogen-detergents + iodophors, mild (halogen-detergents + iodophors,

heating, but heating, but ((-18°-18° C-25°C-25° C !)C !) Acute respiratory diseaseAcute respiratory disease ConjunctivitisConjunctivitis

LaryngitisLaryngitisTracheitisTracheitis(Hist(Histoopathology: pathology: intranuclear inclusion bodyintranuclear inclusion body in in epithelial cells by 3 day PI)epithelial cells by 3 day PI)

Infectious bronchitisInfectious bronchitis

CoronavirusCoronavirus Sensitivity:Sensitivity: 56°C 15 min56°C 15 min

at room temperature 2-3 daysat room temperature 2-3 dayscommoncommon detergents destroy detergents destroy

Pathology:Pathology: acute catarrhal tracheitis, bronchitisacute catarrhal tracheitis, bronchitis

sinusitis, air sacculitissinusitis, air sacculitis local pneumolocal pneumoniania

nephritis, salpnephritis, salpiingitis (eggs !)ngitis (eggs !)

Infectious bursal DiseaseInfectious bursal Disease (Gumboro Disease) (Gumboro Disease)

BirnavirusBirnavirus bursa Fabricii (B lymphoid cells)bursa Fabricii (B lymphoid cells)

immunsuppression !immunsuppression ! Sensitivity:Sensitivity: very stabil virus! very stabil virus!

60-70°C -30 min60-70°C -30 min0.5 % chloramines 10 min0.5 % chloramines 10 mininvert soap + 0,05 sodium hydroxideinvert soap + 0,05 sodium hydroxide

Pathology: Pathology: haemorrhageshaemorrhages

in muscles (legs, breast) in muscles (legs, breast) on mucosal membrane of proventriculi on mucosal membrane of proventriculi on lymphoid tonsils of intestine on lymphoid tonsils of intestine

oedema and haemorrhageous inflammation of oedema and haemorrhageous inflammation of bursa Fabriciibursa Fabricii

Diff. diagnosis:Diff. diagnosis: Newcastle Newcastle diseasediseasemycotoxicosismycotoxicosis

Prevention:Prevention: vaccination, hygiene vaccination, hygiene

Marek’s DiseaseMarek’s Disease

Herpesvirus Herpesvirus (cell associated virus)(cell associated virus) Sensitivity: Sensitivity: Pathogenity:Pathogenity:

„classical” form (lesions in peripheral nerves)„classical” form (lesions in peripheral nerves)tumoral form tumoral form

(lymphoid tumors in (lymphoid tumors in differentdifferent organs or organs or in skin)in skin)

transient paralysistransient paralysis Differential diagnosisDifferential diagnosis::

Newcastle diseaseNewcastle diseaseleucosisleucosistumorstumors

Parasites / ProtoParasites / ProtozzoaoaCoccidiosisCoccidiosis

Eimeria tenellaEimeria tenellaEimeria necatrixEimeria necatrixEimeria acervulinaEimeria acervulinaEimeria truncataEimeria truncata

Chicken, turkeyChicken, turkeygeesegeese

Anticoccidial drugs /vaccinationAnticoccidial drugs /vaccination

immunsuppressive diseases (Marek’s disease, immunsuppressive diseases (Marek’s disease, CAV, CAV, Gumboro disease, Reo, mycotoxines…Gumboro disease, Reo, mycotoxines…))

Haemorrhagic enteritidis Haemorrhagic enteritidis (clotted blood - fibrinous inflammation)(clotted blood - fibrinous inflammation)in caecumin caecumin small intestinesin small intestines

renal coccidiosis (enlarged, yellow-greyish renal coccidiosis (enlarged, yellow-greyish kidneys)kidneys)

Fungal infectionsFungal infections

AspergillosisAspergillosis Aspergillus fumigatusAspergillus fumigatus

Aspergillus flavusAspergillus flavusPenicilliumPenicilliumMucorMucor

RespiratoryRespiratory diseasediseasepneumonia (granulompneumonia (granulomees)s)air sacculitis, peritonitisair sacculitis, peritonitis

Litter, feed (toxins)Litter, feed (toxins) (Antibiotics contraindicated!)(Antibiotics contraindicated!)

In these cases poultry meat is partial In these cases poultry meat is partial condemned for human consumptioncondemned for human consumption

(the effected areas are condemned:(the effected areas are condemned:

- parenchymal orgams- parenchymal orgams- intestinesintestines- skin + muscles /breast, legs/ )skin + muscles /breast, legs/ )