avian models for the comparative biology of aging and evaluating effects of calorie restriction
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Avian Models for the Comparative Biology of Aging and Evaluating Effects of Calorie Restriction. Mary Ann Ottinger IPA, LEG/NIA Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD. Why is an avian system of interest and is there relevance for other species/phyla?. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Mary Ann OttingerIPA, LEG/NIA
Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland,
College Park, MD
Avian Models for the Comparative Biology of Aging and Evaluating Effects
of Calorie Restriction
Why is an avian system of interest and is there relevance for other species/phyla?
Understand basic biological processes, especially aging
Calorie restriction and has been used to optimize health and reproduction in domestic species for many years.
Domestic poultry include genetic strains selected for growth, disease resistance, reproductive and metabolic endocrine characteristics.
Some birds age rapidly (Japanese quail and domestic poultry); others have long lifespans and do not show classic signs of aging (terns and other sea birds, cranes, kestrals, humming birds).
Do Avian Species Have Similar Lifetime Reproductive Patterns?
Within classes patterns of aging appear similar
Some species with a relatively long life-span show little sign of aging
CHOOSING APPROPRIATE MEASURES
LIFESPAN• What are the constraints?REPRODUCTION• Fertility• Number of viable young• Years of productivity• Reproductive success of offspringMETABOLIC ENDOCRINE • IGF-1, thyroid hormone, GHAGING• Post reproductive lifespan?• Biomarkers of aging (skin, etc)• ?
What Needs to be Considered?
COMPARISON WITHIN A SPECIES • Individual variability • Environmental factors
(nutrition, stress, housing, photoperiod)• Captive versus wild
(seasonal factors, disease, predation, etc)
COMPARISONS BETWEEN SPECIES• Lifetime strategies in reproduction
(# young/year, precocial vs altricial)• Environmental factors
(season, migratory, nutrition, etc)
COMPARING JAPANESE QUAIL AND KESTRELS (Work in Collaboration with Dr.
John French, USGS-Patuxent Wildlife Research CenterJAPANESE QUAIL•Short lived; terrestrial; migratory; omnivore •Rapidly aging•Large clutches; precocial chicks; coveys•Sex difference in senescence•Reproductive, metabolic, and sensory systems aging all decline •Neuroplasticity
KESTRELS•Long lived; terrestrial; carnivore•Slow maturation and aging•Small clutches; altricial; small groups•Pair bond
Relative Patterns in Reproduction
0255075
100%
repr
oduc
tive quail
terns
cranes
Relative Patterns in Reproduction
0
25
50
75
100
% re
prod
ucti
vequail
terns
cranes
kestrels
Species Lifespan (yrs) Clutch sizeQuail 2-5 yrs 12-15Terns 20-30 yrs 2.2Kestrel 12-15 yrs 4.5 Crane 35-40 yrs 1.4
Relative Patterns in Reproduction
0255075
100
mat
urat
ion ad
ult
(pea
k)
earl
yag
ing
sene
scen
t
% re
prod
ucti
ve J apanesequail
bobwhitequail
American Kestrel colony at the Patuxent Wildlife Research
Center
ID Male Female Inbreeding Coefficient Pen Hatch year M/F Endpoint
1 K0403 K0467 0.0222 665 91/91
2 K0319 K0412 0.0169 659 91/91 *stopped laying 2002
3 K0373 K0404 0.0062 658 91/91 *
4 K0413 K0389 0.0116 653 91/91
5 K0445 K0387 0.0134 652 91/91 *
6 K0312 K0385 0.0283 651 91/91
7 K0375 K0369 0.0149 650 91/91 *
8 K0336 K0367 0.0118 649 91/91 Female died 1997
9 K0341 K0357 0.0146 647 91/91 *
10 K0406 K0444 0.0034 644 91/91 *
11 K0410 K0303 0.0161 642 91/91
12 K0464 K0398 0.0128 641 91/91
13 K0407 K0338 0.0193 640 91/91 Female died 1997
14 K0408 K0328 0.0121 635 91/91
15 K0221 K0261 0.0039 679 90/90 *stopped laying 2002
16 K0231 K0246 0.0124 677 90/90
17 K0251 K0300 0.0234 675 90/90
18 K0287 K0361 0.0152 673 90/91
19 K0470 K0322 0.0135 670 91/91
20 K0450 K0443 0.0144 669 91/91
Using Microsoft Access to Follow Individuals and Pairs
Year
Male Age
Female Age
Start Date - Days off Mean
# Eggs Layed
# Fertile
# Hatched
# Fledged
Comments
1993
2 2 0 5 5 5 5
1994
3 3 1 5 5 5 5
1995
4 4 0 4 4 3 3 1 egg died
1996
5 5 1 4 - - - eggs euthanized
1997
6 6 0 5 5 3 3 2 eggs euthanized
1998
7 7 0 5 3+ 2 1 2 eggs lost; 1 hatchling died before fledge
1999
8 8 0 5 4 - - eggs euthanized
2000
9 9 0 5 3+ 0 0 1 egg lost; 3 eggs dead; 1 egg infertile
2001
10 10 1 5 2+ 2 1 2 eggs lost; I egg infertile; 1 hatchling died
2002
11 11 none 0 0 0 0 never laid
Current data for American kestrels
Cross sectional: Blood chemistry, cell counts [..years?] WNV antibody titer
Longitudinal Body weight Reproduction: date 1st egg, clutch size, fertility,
egg weight, proportions hatch & ‘fledge’
Age (x) nSurvival
Rate (sx)Survival
(lx)Life Expectancy
(ex)
0 884 0.893 1.000 4.784
1 85 1.000 0.893 3.784
2 84 0.881 0.893 2.784
3 69 0.942 0.787 2.815
4 59 0.932 0.741 2.304
5 45 0.867 0.691 1.790
6 34 0.882 0.599 1.615
7 22 0.955 0.528 1.333
8 20 0.750 0.504 0.500
9 14 0.867 0.378 0.333
10 13 0.923 0.328 0.167
11 12 1.000 0.339 1.000
12 2 ? ? ?
AMERICAN KESTREL Life Table
PATUXENT WILDLIFE RESEARCH CENTER
1993 - 2000
Note:
- estimate of S0 from fledging
- missing 1y information
- includes all birds (partial LH)
- birds from 1991 on: earlier?
- all 11, 12y birds still alive
- evidence of aging?
Studies in Broiler Breeders
hatch maturation adult (peak reprod, health, metabolism) aging Age 0-3 or…8wks 18-24 wks 28-55 wks 56-64 wks
diet ad lib skip a day restricted daily feeding
DietGroup 1: ad lib weeks 1-3; 15% CR
Group 2: ad lib weeks 1-8; 15% CR
Females initiating CR at 3 weeks matured slower; egg production continued at a higher level than birds full fed for 8 weeks and then restricted.
0
50
100
28 36 44 52 60
weeks of age
eg
g p
rod
uc
tio
n
(% h
en
da
y)
3 wk-15%CR
8 wk-15%CR
(Robinson et al., 20002)
As the hen ages, the number of eggs laid in a sequence declines, due to increasing irregular ovulation.
CR AL
LCR hens lay regularly as they age, with less signs of aging.
Eggs are produced in a hierarchy with daily ovoposition; yolk accumulation occurs over several days.
Studies in Broiler Breeders
hatch maturation adult (peak reprod, health, metabolism) aging Age 0-3 wks 18-24 wks 28-55 wks 56-64 wks
Diet: ad lib skip a day restricted daily feeding
DietGroup 1: ad lib weeks 1-3; then 15% CR
Group 2: ad lib weeks 1-3; 15% CR until mature (24 wks); then 37% CR
Group 3: low protein diet weeks 1-10; then 15% CR
0
20
40
60
80
100
eg
g p
rod
uc
tio
n
35 39 52 61
weeks in age
Egg Production (% hen day)
15% CR
15-35% CR
15% CR (lowprotein)
Fertility
0
20
40
60
80
100
32 42 52 61weeks in age
% fe
rtili
ty
Hatching success
010
203040
506070
8090
32 42 52 61weeks in age
%ha
tch
The Japanese Quail as a Model System for Studying AgingNatural historyCharacteristics of aging in male quail
sexual behavior as an index of reproductive status
circulating hormone levels phases in reproductive aging
The Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal Axis in Japanese Quail
Hypothalamus GnRH-I
Pituitary Gland LH, FSH
Gonadsandrogens, estrogens, progestins
+
+
NEDA
Opioid peptides
OTAVTGABA- + -
Neuroendocrine systems regulate endocrine and behavioral components of reproduction.
Table 1: Effects of CR in adult male Japanese quail after 8 weeks treatment
(different letters denote significant (p<0.05) differences within a column).
% CR Body weight
gm
Testes
weight
LH ng/ml
plasma
Androgen
pg/ml
Corticos
ng/ml
0% 115a 3.1
a 7.2
a 2828
a 3.1
a
20% 97b 3.3
a 4.7
b 1392
b 2.8
a
40% 75c 2.2
b 2.5
c 266
c 7.2
b
Effects of Calorie Restriction in Japanese Quail (% difference between 20 or 40% CR with pair fed ad
lib control; data expressed as % difference)
0
25
50
75
100
125
150
% o
f Con
trol
body wt testes wt LH androgen cort
control
20% CR
40% CR
(230%)
from Mobarak, Abdelnabi, and Ottinger, 1995
Saline treatment
Saline treatment
LHRH challenge
LHRH challenge
Treatment Preinjection Post inj (15 min)
Preinjection Post inj (15 min)
0% CR 6.5a 5.6a 6.8a 9.8b
20% CR 4.8c 4.0c 4.6c 9.4b
40% CR 2.4d 1.9d 1.8d 6.8a
Effects of LHRH challenge (20 g/kg body weight) in castrated CR males on serum LH (ng/ml plasma; different
letters denote significant (p<0.05) differences in rows).
AcknowledgementsThis work has been supported by the Maryland Agriculture Experiment Station, University of Maryland, College Park, NRI #92-37203 and NSF #9817024 (MAO).
Dr. Joseph SoaresDr. Mohammed MobarakDr. Estelle Russek-CohenDr. Mahmoud AbdelnabiNichola ThompsonDr. Robert ClarkeDr. Qichang LiOur animal care crew!