aviation security challenges and international … · civil aviation bureau, mlit, japan feb. 8,...

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

Feb. 8, 2006 “Establishing Aviation Security Cooperation Among ACAC Member States” Abu Dhabi, UAE

Aviation Security ChallengesAviation Security Challengesand and

International CooperationInternational Cooperation

-- February 8, 2006 February 8, 2006 --

Atsushi ShimamuraAtsushi ShimamuraDirectorDirector

Aviation Security OfficeAviation Security OfficeCivil Aviation BureauCivil Aviation Bureau

Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and TransportMinistry of Land, Infrastructure and TransportJapanJapan



Part IPart I

I.I. Aviation Activities in JapanAviation Activities in JapanII.II. Aviation Aviation SecuritySecurity in Japanin JapanIII.III. Recent topics of Aviation Security in JapanRecent topics of Aviation Security in JapanIV.IV. Recent Acts of Unlawful Interference against Recent Acts of Unlawful Interference against

Civil Aviation Civil Aviation V.V. International Coordination and ContributionInternational Coordination and Contribution

Overview of Aviation Security Regimes in Japan



Part IIPart IIChallenges and Key Principles

I.I. The Main Challenges and the Key Principles to The Main Challenges and the Key Principles to Promote International CooperationPromote International Cooperation

II.II. Outline of the Ministerial Statement on Aviation Outline of the Ministerial Statement on Aviation SecuritySecurity



Aviation Activities in JapanAviation Activities in Japan



1.1. AirportAirportThere are 90 airports in Japan, which are There are 90 airports in Japan, which are

divided into 3 categories of operatorsdivided into 3 categories of operatorsa. Private Airport Authority (Narita, Kansai and a. Private Airport Authority (Narita, Kansai and

Chubu): Three Major International AirportsChubu): Three Major International Airportsb. National Government (21 airports): Major b. National Government (21 airports): Major

Airports including Airports including HanedaHaneda, , ItamiItami, , ChitoseChitose, , Fukuoka and Naha AirportsFukuoka and Naha Airports

c. Local Government (66 airports): Other airportsc. Local Government (66 airports): Other airports



2.2. Air CarriersAir CarriersJapanese Air Carriers: 14 Airlines and many other smaller Air Japanese Air Carriers: 14 Airlines and many other smaller Air Carriers Carriers Foreign Scheduled Air Carriers : 65 AirlinesForeign Scheduled Air Carriers : 65 Airlines

3.3. FlightsFlights between Middle East and Japanbetween Middle East and JapanCairoCairo -- Narita (Narita (EgyptairEgyptair) ) 3 / Week3 / WeekCairo Cairo -- Kansai (Kansai (EgyptairEgyptair) ) 3 / Week3 / WeekDoha Doha -- Kansai (Qatar Airways) Kansai (Qatar Airways) 4 / Week4 / WeekDubai Dubai -- Kansai (Emirates) Kansai (Emirates) 7 / Week 7 / Week Istanbul Istanbul -- Narita (Turkish Airlines) Narita (Turkish Airlines) 4 / Week4 / WeekTeheran Teheran -- Narita (Iran Air) Narita (Iran Air) 2 / Week2 / Week

Japan Airlines All Nippon Airways



Aviation Security in JapanAviation Security in Japan

< Responsibilities >< Responsibilities >

1.1. JCABJCABLaw and RegulationsLaw and RegulationsRegulatorRegulator

2.2. Air Carriers Air Carriers Screening for Passengers, BagsScreening for Passengers, BagsSecurity Measures for Air CargoSecurity Measures for Air CargoMeasures for Aircraft such as Cabin Security SearchMeasures for Aircraft such as Cabin Security Search

3.3. Airport OperatorsAirport OperatorsAccess ControlAccess ControlAirport Contingency PlanAirport Contingency PlanAviation Security CommitteeAviation Security Committee

4.4. PolicePolicePatrol of Airport Terminal and Surrounding AreaPatrol of Airport Terminal and Surrounding AreaResponse to Matters such as Bomb Threat or HijackingResponse to Matters such as Bomb Threat or Hijacking



Governm

ent (CA

B)

Security of aircraft

Security measures for air cargo

Passenger and baggage screening

Education of screeners

Airport operators

and airport terminal

companies

Governm

ental organizations and agencies (police,

CIQ

, etc.)

•Setting of restricted areas in airports, access control

•Staff screening

•Screening of passengers, carry-on baggage and Hold baggage

•Security check of supplies and other materials brought onto airplanes, including in-flight meals, etc.

•Education, training and certifications of screeners

InstructionsA

ir Carriers

Instructions

Overview

Security of airports•aircraft security check, etc.



JCABJCAB’’ss ResponsibilityResponsibilityResponsibilityResponsibilitya. a. ““National Civil Aviation Security Programme National Civil Aviation Security Programme

(NCASP)(NCASP)””, Legislation, Regulation and Guideline , Legislation, Regulation and Guideline about Aviation Security about Aviation Security

b. Threat Analysisb. Threat Analysisc. Quality Control and Audit c. Quality Control and Audit

““National Civil Aviation Security Quality Control National Civil Aviation Security Quality Control ProgrammeProgramme(NCASQCP)(NCASQCP)””

d. Crisis Managementd. Crisis Managemente. Training e. Training

““National Civil Aviation Security Training National Civil Aviation Security Training ProgrammeProgramme(NCASTP)(NCASTP)””

g. International Cooperationg. International Cooperation



Minister of Land, Infrastructure and TransportMr. Kazuo KITAGAWA

Coast Guard

Meteorological Agency Senior Vice-MinisterParliamentary Secretary

Vice-Minister

Minister’sSecretariat

PolicyBureau

RailwayBureau

RoadTransport

Bureau

MaritimeBureau

Ports andHarborsBureau

Civil AviationBureau

Director-General:Mr. Teiji IWASAKI

AdministrationDepartment

AerodromeDepartment

EngineeringDepartment

Air Traffic ServicesDepartment

Regional Civil Aviation Bureau(Tokyo and Osaka)

Council for Transport Policy

Aircraft and Railway AccidentInvestigation Commission

Organizational Structure of MLITOrganizational Structure of MLIT

National andRegional PlanningBureau

Land and Water

Bureau

City and Regional

DevelopmentBureau

RiverBureau

Road Bureau

HousingBureau

HokkaidoBureau

Air Traffic Control Center(Sapporo, Tokyo, Fukuoka and Naha)

Aviation Security Office



Restricted Area

Screeners

Airport StaffAirline Staff

Other Employees

Sterile Area

Screeners

X-ray Cargo Screening (2006.4. -)

Runway

Security Guard for Cargo Terminal

Office

SensorAirline Staff

Forwarder Staff

Passenger Terminal Building

CheckCheck--in Counter Inin Counter In--Line Screening SystemsLine Screening Systems

Aviation Security Measures at Airport in JapanAviation Security Measures at Airport in Japan

ScreenersScreeners

Security Guard for Aircraft

Guards

Passengers and Cabin Baggage Screening

Airport Staff Screening

Guards

Passengers

Check-in Counters

Baggage

Hold Baggage Screening

Access Control at Gate

GuardsReinforced Perimeter

with Sensors

Flammable LiquidsFlammable LiquidsScreening MachineScreening Machine

Routine Patrol

Cargo Terminal Building



1.1. 100% hold baggage screening100% hold baggage screeningICAO Mandatory Requirement from January 1, 2006.ICAO Mandatory Requirement from January 1, 2006.Japan implemented 100% hold baggageJapan implemented 100% hold baggage

screening on domestic flights as well as screening on domestic flights as well as international flights.international flights.

Japan is introducing InJapan is introducing In--line Screeningline ScreeningSystems.Systems.

2.2. Flight Deck SecurityFlight Deck SecurityReinforced flight crew compartment door. ( from November 1, 2003Reinforced flight crew compartment door. ( from November 1, 2003))Japan amended regulations to require all applicable airplanes toJapan amended regulations to require all applicable airplanes to install a install a reinforced door.reinforced door.Encourage airlines to install Cabin Monitor Camera.Encourage airlines to install Cabin Monitor Camera.

3.3. Sky Marshal ProgramSky Marshal ProgramICAO/G8 developed guidance materials for the introductionICAO/G8 developed guidance materials for the introduction

of the Sky Marshal Program.of the Sky Marshal Program.Japan implemented the Sky Marshal Program in Japan implemented the Sky Marshal Program in

December 2004.December 2004.

Recent topics of Aviation Security in JapanRecent topics of Aviation Security in Japan

Sky Marshal

New X-Ray

EDSIn-line Screening Systems



4.4. Protection of screened passengers, baggage and aircraftProtection of screened passengers, baggage and aircraftG8 developed a best practice document on the protection of screeG8 developed a best practice document on the protection of screened ned passengers, baggage and aircraft.passengers, baggage and aircraft.Japanese regulations require airport terminal building Japanese regulations require airport terminal building operators to segregate the flow of arriving and departing operators to segregate the flow of arriving and departing passengers of international flights.passengers of international flights.Japan introduced staff screening on January 10, 2006.Japan introduced staff screening on January 10, 2006.

5.5. Measures against MANPADSMeasures against MANPADSICAO issued guidelines on airport vulnerability assessment in 20ICAO issued guidelines on airport vulnerability assessment in 2004.04.All APEC economies agreed to undertake a MANPADS vulnerability aAll APEC economies agreed to undertake a MANPADS vulnerability assessment ssessment at at least one of their international airports by the end of 20at at least one of their international airports by the end of 2006.06.Japan carried out a MANPADS vulnerability assessment at a major Japan carried out a MANPADS vulnerability assessment at a major international international airport in 2004. airport in 2004.

Staff Screening

DHL Cargo aircraft was hit in November 2003



6.6. Aviation Security Quality Control ProgramAviation Security Quality Control ProgramG8 developed a best practice guidance document on Quality ControG8 developed a best practice guidance document on Quality Control.l.Japan conducts inspections and tests to verify whether airports Japan conducts inspections and tests to verify whether airports are are properly implementing security measures according to National Ciproperly implementing security measures according to National Civil vil Aviation Security Quality Control Program.Aviation Security Quality Control Program.

7.7. Aviation Security StakeholdersAviation Security StakeholdersG8 developed a best practice guidance document on Stakeholders.G8 developed a best practice guidance document on Stakeholders.JapanJapan’’s National Aviation Security Committee meets on a regular s National Aviation Security Committee meets on a regular basis. The committee members consists of representatives from thbasis. The committee members consists of representatives from the e Civil Aviation Bureau, National Police Agency, Coast Guard, DefeCivil Aviation Bureau, National Police Agency, Coast Guard, Defense nse Agency, Air Carriers, Airport Authorities, Forwarders, etc.Agency, Air Carriers, Airport Authorities, Forwarders, etc.

8.8. ICAO Universal Security Audit Program (USAP)ICAO Universal Security Audit Program (USAP)The ICAO USAP was established by the Assembly Resolution The ICAO USAP was established by the Assembly Resolution adopted in 2001, endorsed by Highadopted in 2001, endorsed by High--level Ministerial Conference on level Ministerial Conference on Aviation Security in February 2002, approved by the ICAO CouncilAviation Security in February 2002, approved by the ICAO Council in in June 2002 and launched in November 2002.June 2002 and launched in November 2002.Japan received USAP audit team in September 2005.Japan received USAP audit team in September 2005.Japan is the second largest contributor to the ICAO USAP, providJapan is the second largest contributor to the ICAO USAP, providing ing $720,000 in 2005. (accounting for 15% of the total fund)$720,000 in 2005. (accounting for 15% of the total fund)



New X-ray Machine

Explosive Detection System

Advanced hold baggage screening system Advanced hold baggage screening system (In(In--line screening system)line screening system)



Dangerous liquid screening machinesDangerous liquid screening machines

Gasoline, Thinner, Alcohol, Benzine, Light oil etc.

Water, Tea, Coffee, Juice, Liquor etc.

The list for alarm(Red Signal)

The list of acceptable(Green Signal)



Unlawful Entry at Unlawful Entry at HanedaHaneda AirportAirport–– April 28, 2004April 28, 2004–– HanedaHaneda Airport : the busiest domestic airport in Tokyo.Airport : the busiest domestic airport in Tokyo.–– A drug abused perpetrator used a stolen car to smash A drug abused perpetrator used a stolen car to smash

through the perimeter fence at through the perimeter fence at HanedaHaneda Airport.Airport.Hijack of Domestic flightHijack of Domestic flight

–– July 23, 1999July 23, 1999–– B747 airplane (ANA Flight 61)B747 airplane (ANA Flight 61)–– Hijacked by a knifeHijacked by a knife--wielding man. The hijacker stabbed wielding man. The hijacker stabbed

the captain to death and briefly grabbed the control. He the captain to death and briefly grabbed the control. He arrived at the airport by air and picked knife up from his arrived at the airport by air and picked knife up from his hold baggage, then back flowed into sterile area. hold baggage, then back flowed into sterile area.

Recent Acts of Unlawful Interference Recent Acts of Unlawful Interference against Civil Aviation in Japanagainst Civil Aviation in Japan



International Coordination and ContributionInternational Coordination and Contribution

•• ICAO Aviation Security Action PlanICAO Aviation Security Action PlanJapan is the second largest contributor for the ICAO Japan is the second largest contributor for the ICAO USAP, providing $720,000 in 2005 (accounting for USAP, providing $720,000 in 2005 (accounting for 15% of the total fund)15% of the total fund)

•• Aviation Security Seminars/WorkshopsAviation Security Seminars/Workshops(JICA Aviation Security Seminar)(JICA Aviation Security Seminar)

•• Bilateral Assistance for security equipment installation Bilateral Assistance for security equipment installation and security measuresand security measures implementationimplementation

•• ASEAN/Japan Aviation Security Project for ASEAN/Japan Aviation Security Project for capacity capacity building in certain countries to enhance aviation securitybuilding in certain countries to enhance aviation security



Part II. Part II.

Challenges Challenges and and

Key Principles to Promote International CooperationKey Principles to Promote International Cooperation



Key Principles to Promote International CooperationKey Principles to Promote International Cooperation-- Ministerial Conference on International Transport Security (AviMinisterial Conference on International Transport Security (Aviation Security) ation Security) --

Date: January 11-13, 2006 Place: Tokyo, Japan Participating countries and organizations: Australia, Canada, China, France,

Germany, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, Malaysia, Republic of Korea, Russian Federation, Singapore, UK, USA, EC, ICAO, IMO, WCO

ChallengesChallenges

1. Balancing between 1. Balancing between Security and Facilitated Security and Facilitated TransportTransport

2. Overcoming Vulnerability 2. Overcoming Vulnerability in International in International TransportTransport

1. Introduction of1. Introduction ofNew Technology and New Technology and Harmonization of Related Harmonization of Related ProceduresProcedures

2. Strengthening Security 2. Strengthening Security Measures in VulnerableMeasures in VulnerableAreasAreas

3. Cooperation in 3. Cooperation in Capacity Building in Capacity Building in Developing CountriesDeveloping Countries

3. Improve Capacity of Aviation 3. Improve Capacity of Aviation Security in Region Security in Region

Future directionsFuture directions



Outline of the Ministerial Statement on Aviation Security



①① ChallengeChallengeDue to financial issues and other restrictions, some countries dDue to financial issues and other restrictions, some countries do not meet o not meet the ICAO International Security Standard. the ICAO International Security Standard. Terrorist attacks on domestic flights occur frequently.Terrorist attacks on domestic flights occur frequently.

②② PrinciplePrincipleUrge States to implement and enforce the Standards and RecommendUrge States to implement and enforce the Standards and Recommended ed Practices (Practices (SARPsSARPs) of Annex 17 () of Annex 17 (SecuritySecurity) to the Chicago Convention and ) to the Chicago Convention and other ICAO provisions relating to aviation security.other ICAO provisions relating to aviation security.Strongly encourage the application of the aboveStrongly encourage the application of the above--mentioned mentioned SARPsSARPs and and ICAO provisions to domestic operations, where appropriate. ICAO provisions to domestic operations, where appropriate.

③③ Future actionsFuture actionsContinue to support ICAO activities both financially and in termContinue to support ICAO activities both financially and in terms of human s of human resources. resources. Promote the domestic application of the international standards Promote the domestic application of the international standards worldwide, worldwide, with the consideration that each country has a different threat with the consideration that each country has a different threat level for level for domestic flights. domestic flights.

1. Implementing and enforcing ICAO rules and encouraging their application to domestic operations, where appropriate



①① ChallengeChallengeSuicide bombingSuicide bombingWays to handWays to hand--carry weapons, explosives and other dangerous goods by carry weapons, explosives and other dangerous goods by Terrorist become more deepTerrorist become more deep--laid.laid.

Plastic explosives concealed under clothes Plastic explosives concealed under clothes (Aircraft bombings in Russia in August 2004)(Aircraft bombings in Russia in August 2004)Handmade explosives Handmade explosives

②② PrinciplePrincipleEncourage State to adopt improved screening capability and practEncourage State to adopt improved screening capability and practicesicesEncourage State Encourage State toto sharshare related expertise and technologies for e related expertise and technologies for screening screening Promoting international cooperation in research and development.Promoting international cooperation in research and development.

③③ Future actionsFuture actionsBest practice guidance document on screening be developed in G8.Best practice guidance document on screening be developed in G8.Sharing of knowledge and technology for improving screening.Sharing of knowledge and technology for improving screening.International cooperation in research and development. International cooperation in research and development.

2. Improving screening capability by sharing technologies and promoting international cooperation in research and development

Shoe bombs



①① ChallengeChallengeBalancing between security and facilitated transport is a main iBalancing between security and facilitated transport is a main issue of G8 ssue of G8 Secure and Facilitated International Travel Initiative (SAFTI) (Secure and Facilitated International Travel Initiative (SAFTI) (Sea Island Sea Island Summit 2004)Summit 2004)The aviation security of the entire aviation network needs to beThe aviation security of the entire aviation network needs to bemaintained by each related country.maintained by each related country.There is a gap of security level among relevant States.There is a gap of security level among relevant States.

②② PrinciplePrincipleEncourage States to work bilaterally and multilaterally to achieEncourage States to work bilaterally and multilaterally to achieve a high ve a high level of security in screening procedures for passengers and baglevel of security in screening procedures for passengers and bags. s.

③③ Future actionsFuture actionsICAO is making efforts in developing international guidelines onICAO is making efforts in developing international guidelines on a a validation process for Onevalidation process for One--stop security. stop security. Bilateral or multilateral arrangements for aviation security wouBilateral or multilateral arrangements for aviation security would be ld be envisaged. envisaged.

3. Working bilaterally and multilaterally to achieve a high level of security in screening procedures



①① ChallengeChallengeBalancing between security and facilitated transport is a main iBalancing between security and facilitated transport is a main issue of G8 ssue of G8 Secure and Facilitated International Travel Initiative (SAFTI) (Secure and Facilitated International Travel Initiative (SAFTI) (Sea Island Sea Island Summit 2004)Summit 2004)The utilization of biometrical technology will enhance aviation The utilization of biometrical technology will enhance aviation security by security by accurate identification of passengers, and promote travel faciliaccurate identification of passengers, and promote travel facilitation.tation.

②② PrinciplePrincipleEncourage the facilitation of passenger travel Encourage the facilitation of passenger travel in a manner that does not compromise security, in a manner that does not compromise security, by various methods including biometrics, by various methods including biometrics, while being mindful of data privacy protection issues. while being mindful of data privacy protection issues.

③③ Future actionsFuture actionsInternational cooperation on sharing of knowledge and experienceInternational cooperation on sharing of knowledge and experience about about the use of biometric information. the use of biometric information. LikeLike--minded countries prepare a list of appropriate contact points inminded countries prepare a list of appropriate contact points in order order to share information on new technologies and measures. to share information on new technologies and measures.

4. Facilitating passenger travel in a manner that does not compromise security by various methods including biometrics

Narita airport (2005.2-3)



①① ChallengeChallengeAir cargo security is one of vulnerable sectors in security due Air cargo security is one of vulnerable sectors in security due to a great to a great amount of various kinds of air cargo.amount of various kinds of air cargo.Air cargo security measures vary among countries.Air cargo security measures vary among countries.Increasing international cargo transport.Increasing international cargo transport.

②② PrinciplePrincipleEncourage the development of internationally strengthened and Encourage the development of internationally strengthened and harmonized measures and best practices for air cargo security, tharmonized measures and best practices for air cargo security, taking aking into account the need to protect the entire cargo supply chain. into account the need to protect the entire cargo supply chain.

③③ Future actionsFuture actionsICAO is expected to establish a study group to develop best pracICAO is expected to establish a study group to develop best practices for tices for internationally reinforced and harmonized measures on air cargo,internationally reinforced and harmonized measures on air cargo, in in consideration of the necessity of the protection of entire air cconsideration of the necessity of the protection of entire air cargo supply argo supply chains. chains.

5. Developing best practices for air cargo security



①① ChallengeChallengeThe worldwide aviation network has been highly developed.The worldwide aviation network has been highly developed.The existence of countries and regions whose security measures aThe existence of countries and regions whose security measures are not re not sufficiently developed due to lack of financial and human resoursufficiently developed due to lack of financial and human resources. ces. (Terrorists target at weak areas)(Terrorists target at weak areas)

②② PrinciplePrincipleEncourage States to promote aviation security capacity building Encourage States to promote aviation security capacity building efforts, efforts, both on a bilateral basis and through the use of multilateral anboth on a bilateral basis and through the use of multilateral and regional d regional arrangements.arrangements.

③③ Future actionsFuture actionsICAO and likeICAO and like--minded countries will promote minded countries will promote capacity building efforts. capacity building efforts.

holding of seminars on aviation security,holding of seminars on aviation security,inviting of security experts from developing inviting of security experts from developing countries for exchange of information etc. countries for exchange of information etc.

6. Increasing capacity building efforts to ensure the integrity of aviation security worldwide

Japan-ASEAN Aviation Security Meeting（2004.10 in Tokyo）



①① ChallengeChallengeThe necessity of a worldwide aviation security contact network iThe necessity of a worldwide aviation security contact network in order to n order to cope with increasing threats against commercial flights and secucope with increasing threats against commercial flights and securityrity--related emergencies.related emergencies.A 24A 24--hour contact point network created under the initiative of G8 ishour contact point network created under the initiative of G8 is in the in the process of being expanded to include all the ICAO member countriprocess of being expanded to include all the ICAO member countries es (189 countries).(189 countries).

②② PrinciplePrincipleEncourage States to register with the ICAO Aviation Security PoiEncourage States to register with the ICAO Aviation Security Point of nt of Contact Network, so that States can communicate effectively duriContact Network, so that States can communicate effectively during ng situations of heightened threat or securitysituations of heightened threat or security--related emergencies. related emergencies.

③③ Future actionsFuture actionsICAO will establish the ICAO Aviation Security Point of Contact ICAO will establish the ICAO Aviation Security Point of Contact Network.Network.All ICAO member countries can register their contact points in tAll ICAO member countries can register their contact points in this his network. network.

7. Encouraging States to register with the ICAO Aviation Security Point of Contact Network



International Air Transport Network is International Air Transport Network is expanding globally and International expanding globally and International

cooperation on Aviation Security is vital for cooperation on Aviation Security is vital for further development of aviation.further development of aviation.

Strong commitment by ACAC member State Strong commitment by ACAC member State for Aviation Security must help worldwide for Aviation Security must help worldwide

aviation activities.aviation activities.

Thank you for your attention.Thank you for your attention.

aviation security challenges and international … · civil aviation bureau, mlit, japan feb. 8,...

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