Avoiding PlagiarismHow to use MLA Style Guidelines

to Cite Your Sources

Jill Robinson, LibrarianLearning Resource Center

ITT Technical Institute – Morrisville, NCJanuary 2009

How do you define plagiarism?

•Citing someone else’s words as your own

•Failing to give credit to the original author or source

•Using the words, ideas, images, or concepts of someone else without citing the original source

How ITT Tech defines Plagiarism:

“ITT Technical Institute defines academic dishonesty as the submission of work completed by another person as your own. All ideas, words, or work from others that are included in a student’s submitted work must be identified and cited. Failure to appropriately identify the ideas, words or work of others included in a student’s work is considered academic dishonesty and violates the conduct section of the catalog.

Academic dishonesty may result in a zero on the graded activity, suspension and/or termination from one or more of the courses the student is taking, or the student’s entire program of study at the school…”

(See page 10 of your Student Handbook)

Why use outside sources in the first place?

• Allows you to build arguments, using other people’s work as evidence to support or disprove a point

• Demonstrates a knowledge and appreciation of important work already done in the field you are writing in/about

• Sources allow you to verify your own work. It shows readers how you reached your conclusions.

Courtesy of the University of Texas Libraries, The University of Texas at Austin.

Plagiarism can come in many forms…

• Sources cited but still plagiarized (incorrectly using Citation Style Guidelines)

• Sources used but Not Cited

• Copy/Paste

• Word Switch

• Idea (those not accepted as general knowledge)

• Metaphor or Creative Writing Style

• Style

Your primary goal when citing a source is to allow your reader (e.g. the person who is grading/reading your paper) to be able to locate the sources of information you used.

Include enough information so that your instructor can find your sources!

THE GOAL:

To cite or not to cite?Take the Quiz:

www.infolit4techstudents.pbwiki.com/Citation-Quiz

If in doubt…

CITE IT!Use a set of style guidelines, such as those offered by the MLA (Modern Language Association) to correctly cite your sources.

This presentation offers advice on writing using MLA Style.

Steps for Avoiding Plagiarism

1. Integrate your research into your assignment

2. Pause each time you use another person’s work and give credit to the original author

3. Create a Works Cited page as the last page at the end of your paper or assignment

STEP 1: Integrating Outside Sources into your Work

You can integrate an outside source into your work in 3 different ways

A.Quoting – keeping the original quote as is, using quotation marks

B.Paraphrasing – restating all of the information in the original source in your own words

C.Summarizing – rewording or restating the main idea

STEP 2a: Pause to give credit

to the original author• In MLA Style, use parenthetical, or in-text citations.

• After using information from an outside source in the body of your paper or assignment, include a citation in parentheses.

• In-text citations are like hyperlinks to a bibliography.

• Example: He believes, “To make the most of those skills, we need a more creative capitalism: an attempt to stretch the reach of market forces so that more companies can benefit from doing work that makes more people better off ” (Gates 41).– This is a quotation from Bill Gates in Time Magazine.

Step 2b: Creating In-Text (parenthetical) Citations

Examples:

1. Author name known: (McCray 45).2. Two Authors: (McCray and Jones 77).3. Author name unknown, journal title used instead: (Computer

Networking Today 22).

Examples used in a sentence:

1. He said, “To make the most of those skills, we need a more creative capitalism…” (Gates 41).

2. Bill Gates argues, “To make the most of those skills, we need a more creative capitalism…” (41).

• In this instance, we already know who the author is, so we only need to include the page number.

After using any borrowed information, enter a single space, then the author’s last name (or the title if there is no author) and page number in parentheses.

STEP 3: Creating a Works Cited List

(aka bibliography)• Put the Works Cited list on its own sheet of paper at the

end of your paper

• You should include all of the resources you used, regardless of whether or not you directly quoted them

• Arrange the list alphabetically by author’s last name, or the title if no author is listed

• Double space the list and indent any lines after the first line of the citation

• Create your bibliography as you write your paper, instead of waiting until you are finished

See an example MLA Works Cited page here: http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/557/14

Citing WebsitesWhen citing a website, include the following information when available:

1. Title of the site (underlined or italicized)2. Editor first name, middle initial, last name (if given)3. Any electronic publication info. available, including version number, date of

publication, or latest update4. Name of sponsoring institution or organization5. Date of individual access 6. Electronic address (URL)

Title of the Site. First name Middle name Last name. Electronic Publication Information. Sponsoring institution or organization. Day Month Year of access <electronic address>.

Example:

Library of Congress. U.S. Government. 31 July

2005 <http://www.loc.gov>.

Online (electronic) or Print?• Just because you found your source in the Virtual

Library, doesn’t necessarily mean you need to cite it as an electronic source. Many resources are digitized from their original print publications for easier access.

Rule of Thumb:•If you are using a book, journal, magazine, or newspaper that you located using the Virtual Library, cite the source as a regular print resource.

•If you are using a source that you found using a search engine (Google, Yahoo, etc.), cite the source as an electronic source.

•If you are using a source available from a government website or some other sponsoring institution, association, or agency website, cite the source as an electronic source.

Resources You Should Use!

Online Resources:

• KnightCite (http://www.calvin.edu/library/knightcite)– **Remember to choose the type of source you are citing!!

• NCSU’s Citation Builder (http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/lobo2/citationbuilder/citationbuilder.php)

• Virtual Library (http://library.itt-tech.edu)– Click on “Reference Resources,” then choose “Style Manuals”

Resources in the LRC

• MLA Guide for Writer’s of Research Papers

• A Writer’s Reference

by Diana Hacker

• Keys for Writers by Ann Raimes

PracticeHow would you cite the example as an in-text citation?How would you cite it in a works cited list?

EXAMPLE 1: Citing a Website Document

Article Title: Computer Scientists and Database AdministratorsTitle: Occupational Outlook HandbookAuthor: Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of LaborURL: http://www.bls.gov/oco/ocos042.htmLast modified date: December 18, 2007Date accessed: September 18, 2008

Remember to try KnightCite (http://www.calvin.edu/library/knightcite)

More PracticeHow would you cite the example as an in-text citation?How would you cite it in a works cited list?

EXAMPLE 2: Citing a Journal Article

Author: Kim GuentherArticle Title: Web Site Management: Where Have all the Webmasters

Gone?Journal Title: OnlineDate: March/April 2005Volume: 29Issue: 2Pages: 45-48

Remember to try KnightCite (http://www.calvin.edu/library/knightcite)