AVR2037: RCB Key Remote Control - Hardware User Manual

Features • Connector interface to adapt various radio controller boards (RCB) • RCB battery powered, hand-held evaluation, and development platform • 25 keys • 5 LEDs • 128 x 32 graphic display • Analog, three-axis acceleration sensor • 980nm IR transmitter • RS232 and JTAG interfaces

1 Introduction This application note provides a detailed hardware description for the individual function blocks of the RCB Key Remote Control (KeyRemote) board. The KeyRemote is used in conjunction with an Atmel® RCB in order to evaluate remote control applications.

Figure 1-1. RCB Key Remote Control board.

8-bit Microcontrollers Application Note

Rev. 8356A-AVR-02/11

2 AVR2037 8356A-AVR-02/11

2 Disclaimer Typical values contained in this application note are based on simulations and testing of individual examples.

Any information about third-party materials or parts is included in this document for convenience. The vendor may have changed the information since publication. Check the individual part information for the latest changes.

3 Overview The KeyRemote is a hardware platform used to demonstrate Atmel hardware and software solutions for remote control applications. In combination with one of the various RCBs, the KeyRemote contains all the functional blocks that might be used in state-of-the-art remote controls. Programming and debugging interfaces are provided to support application development.

While the KeyRemote primarily provides the user interface hardware, an appropriate RCB (see Table 3-1) must be included to provide the microcontroller and radio transceiver functionality:

Table 3-1. RCB configurations. RCB name Frequency Comment

RCB128FA1 2.4GHz Atmel ATmega128RFA1 single-chip solution [1]

RCB231 2.4GHz Atmel AT86RF231 [2] with Atmel ATmega1281V [4]

RCB212SMA 868/915MHz Atmel AT86RF212 [3] with Atmel ATmega1281V [4]

Figure 3-1. KeyRemote with RCB128RFA1, Atmel® AVR® JTAGICE mkII, and serial adaptor cable.

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4 Peripheral blocks The following sections describe the different peripheral blocks of the KeyRemote, and how to configure and use each peripheral accordingly.

4.1 RCB interface In order to operate the KeyRemote, an appropriate RCB must be selected and mounted on the KeyRemote board. The differences between the RCBs are related to port allocations: the single-chip Atmel ATmega128RFA1 solution does not provide access to ports A and C, and the Atmel ATmega1281V-based dual-chip solutions already use port B to control the radio transceiver. Single-chip and dual-chip boards have a different port signal routing, which is already supported in the software provided. Table 4-1 describes these RCB differences.

Table 4-1. Signaling with different RCBs. KeyRemote signal RCB with ATmega1281V RCB with ATmega128RFA1 Comment

DATA0..7 PORTA0..7 PORTB0..7 Data bus used for the display, the U3 extension port, and the key matrix

LEDP_SEL PG1 PE5 U3 works transparently when high. and keeps data information after being switched to low level

LCD_#CS1 PG0 PE4 Low to enable the LCD

IR transmitter PB7 direct from ATmega1281V: R15 has to be assembled (default when delivered)

PB7 through U3: Remove R15 and assemble the same part at R16

Same pin PORTB7, but R15 and R16 have to be assembled in the correct way

4.2 Power supply The KeyRemote and RCB hardware are both powered by the batteries on the RCB. The power supply switch on the RCB is used to connect or disconnect the battery power supply voltage. In order to use the battery supply, a jumper bridge must be connected at X1 between pin 2 and pin 4, as shown in Figure 4-1.

Figure 4-1. X1 battery jumper.

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If battery operation is not desired during software development and debug sessions, for example, the setup can also be powered from a lab supply or a regulated DC wall plug transformer. Before an external power supply is used, however, the batteries on the RCB should be removed or the power switch must be placed in the off position. Be sure the external power supply never exceeds 3.6V (see the absolute maximum ratings in Table 5-1).

Figure 4-2 shows an external power supply connected to X1 on pin 6 (+) and pin 5 (-).

Figure 4-2. X1 external power connection.

4.2.1 Supply current measurement

The supply current of the RCB and KeyRemote can be measured independently of each other.

The current consumption of the RCB is measured by removing the jumper bridge at X1 pin2/4 and connecting a DC current meter in its place. Also, the batteries should be removed, and the power switch on the RCB needs to be switched off.

An external power source needs to be connected to pin 6 (+) and pin 5 (-). This can be a lab power supply, a regulated DC wall plug supply, or an external battery (see the recommended operating range in Table 5-2).

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Figure 4-3. RCB supply current measurement.

X1

KeyRemote RCB

mA

4 2

Lab Supply2.7 … 3.6V

5 6

OFF

The current consumption of the KeyRemote peripherals can be measured by removing the jumper bridge at X1 pin2/4 and connecting a DC current meter in its place. In this measurement, the batteries from the RCB will supply the KeyRemote with power.

Figure 4-4. KeyRemote supply current measurement.

X1

KeyRemoteRCB

mA

4 2

ON

OPEN

4.3 Interfaces

4.3.1 Programming interface

To enable software development and flash programming, an AVR JTAGICE mkII can be connected directly to X2. Although the mechanical construction makes it difficult to connect the ICE incorrectly, be sure to locate the pin 1 marking to avoid any hardware damage.

Programming and debugging requires a KeyRemote with an appropriate supply voltage, either from the RCB battery or directly via X1 (see Section 4.2, page 3).

The AVR JTAGICE mkII interface is provided to program the microcontroller located on the RCB, as the KeyRemote does not provide its own microcontroller.

6 AVR2037 8356A-AVR-02/11

Figure 4-5. KeyRemote with AVR JTAGICE mkII connected.

4.3.2 LEDs

The five LEDs are controlled by data latch U3, and are controlled simultaneously. The state of each LED has to be applied to its corresponding data line, DATA0...DATA4. A short high pulse (minimum 3.2ns) applied by the microcontroller on signal LEDP_SEL stores the new state in the latch. Start this process by applying a new state to data lines DATA0...DATA4 first, and then pull the LEDP_SEL signal high and low. This signaling cycle avoids spikes on the other lines.

The U3 register state can’t be read directly by the microcontroller. Instead, the software must maintain a variable that mirrors the state of U3.

When one LED state is updated, it may be necessary to ensure the signals for the other four LEDs are not changed.

4.3.3 RS232 interface

During software development, the RS232 interface can be a valuable “back door” the developer may use to transmit status and debug messages, as well as to influence the system. A Maxim MAX3221ECAE is used to shift the low-level logic signals to the high signal levels needed to interface properly to a PC.

To enable the RS232 interface, DATA6 needs to be properly configured so the U3 latch device can set bit7 (#EN_232) to logic low. See Table 4-1 and the KeyRemote schematic for detailed information. If the interface is not required, it is recommended to disable the line driver to reduce power consumption.

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Figure 4-6. KeyRemote with RS232 cable connected.

Automated power consumption is achieved using the line driver auto-shutoff. This function enables the driver only when a valid RS232 level is detected. As long as the board is not connected to a host, the line driver is automatically disabled. For further information on the Maxim MAX3221ECAE, refer to the datasheet [6].

The connection to a PC COM port with DB9 connector can be done as documented in the Figure 4-7.

Figure 4-7. RS232 cable.

KeyRemote X1

(DTE)

RS232 SUB-D9

(DTE)

9 (RxD)

Input

2 (RxD)

Input

7 (TxD)

Output

3 (TxD)

Output

5 (GND)

(brown wire)

1

12

3

4

56

7

8

9BB J1

RS232

5 (GND)

4.3.4 128 x 32 graphic display

The onboard display is a COG type with built-in controller and display memory. It accessed only when it is necessary to change the content of the display.

The controller has a high-performance parallel interconnect to the microcontroller on the RCB. Table 4-2 shows the port assignment between display and microcontroller for different types of RCBs.

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Table 4-2. Display signaling with different RCBs. Display signal RCB with ATmega1281V RCB with ATmega128RFA1 Comment

DATA0..7 PORTA0..7 PORTB0..7 Data bus

LCD_#CS1 PORTG0 PORTE4 SELECT

LCD_#RES PORTE2 PORTE2 RESET

LCD_A0 PORTE3 PORTE3 Data / control

LCD_R/W PORTE6 PORTE6 /WR signal

LCD_E PORTE7 PORTE7 /RD signal

For further information, refer to the example source code and the manufacturer data sheets for the display [7] and the display internal controller [8].

For best quality display operation, it is required to arbitrate the hardware operation in between the display access and the key input. When more than one key is pressed at the same time, bus contention may occur. The software has to make sure that information is written to the display only when the keys are up or when only one key is pressed. To achieve this, the key interrupt should be enabled during display access.

4.4 Key matrix The board features 25 keys, configured as a 3-row, 9-column matrix. The three rows are connected to RCBPORTD1/2/3. These lines have full wake up capabilities for the controller.

The columns make use of data lines DATA0 ... DATA6 and PORTD5/7. These signals have an alternate function to control additional hardware on the KeyRemote board (see sections 4.3.2 and 4.3.4).

It is recommended to have the KeyRemote in SLEEP mode to reduce power consumption as long as no activity is required. However, key activity recognition has to be ensured to wake up the KeyRemote, if needed.

To prepare the system for SLEEP and to ensure key recognition, follow the steps below:

1. Disable hardware not required (RS232, acceleration sensor, display, etc.) to reduce power consumption during SLEEP mode

2. Set LEDP_SEL to low (DATA lines are now used for key recognition) 3. Set DDRD1/2/3 to input 4. Set PORTD1/2/3 high to activate the internal pull-up resistors. (The pull-up

resistors will keep the signal level at these pins high until a key is pressed) 5. Configure lines DATA0 ... DATA6 and PORTD5/7 as outputs, and set each to low

level. (The low on the column lines will pull the row line down as soon as a key is pressed)

6. Enable the low level interrupt for PORTD1/2/3 7. Enter sleep mode After doing this, and once a key is pressed later on, the system will wake up. The software performs a scan routine, as shown in Figure 4-8, to process the key entry.

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Figure 4-8. Key scan algorithm.

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4.5 Acceleration sensor In addition to the interfaces described above, the KeyRemote integrates an analog acceleration sensor, U1 [9]. This type of sensor can be used for pointing at menu driven screens, or to recognize gestures. Due to gravitational acceleration, the system can easily determine how a user holds or moves the device.

The orientation of the three axes is illustrated on the PCB (see Figure 4-9).

Figure 4-9. Three-axis acceleration sensor.

The analog outputs are connected to the analog-to-digital converter (ADC) of the RCB microcontroller. Xout is connected to PF0-ADC0. Yout is connected to PF1-ADC1. Zout is connected to PF2-ADC2.

For zero G, the sensor output equals half the supply voltage. A resistor network divides the voltages within the RCB controller measurement range. Since the sensor output values depend on the supply voltage, a fourth channel is implemented to measure the sensor supply to correct for supply voltage variations. The voltage divider implements a 25% decrease, and is connected to PF3-ADC3 of the microcontroller.

The resistor network also implements capacitors to set the acceleration sensor bandwidth. Depending on the application scenario, the sensor bandwidth can be adjusted by setting the capacitor values.

To enable low-power applications, the sensor can be powered down with the controlling signal, ACC_PWR. It corresponds to bit 6 (DATA5) of latch U3. Please refer to Section 4.3 for details on how to set these control lines.

4.6 IR transmitter The KeyRemote features a 950nm infrared transmitter (IR LED) on top of the PCB, LED6. This is the standard operating infrared wavelength used in remote controls for electronic devices or appliances. To enable the IR LED, a jumper has to be placed at connector X1 to short pins 8 and 10.

The IR LED is connected to controller port PB7. This port has to be used because it is the output compare modulator output. Please refer to the AVR datasheet for more information.

If using the KeyRemote assembled with the RCB128RFA1 [5] featuring the single-chip ATmega128RFA1, latch U3 has to be configured for transparent mode by setting LEDP_SEL to high level.

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For operation with ATmega1281V-based RCBs, the resistor assembled on R15 must be removed and mounted as R16. By doing this, the IR LED is driven directly from the ATmega1281V pin.

5 Electrical characteristics

5.1 Absolute maximum ratings Stresses beyond those listed under absolute maximum ratings (see Table 5-1) may cause permanent damage to the board. This is a stress rating only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of this manual are not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. For more details about these parameters, refer to individual datasheets of the components used.

Table 5-1. Absolute maximum ratings. No. Parameter Condition Minimum Typical Maximum Units

5.1.1 Storage temperature range -40 +85 °C

5.1.2 Humidity Non-condensing 90 %

5.1.3 Supply voltage -0.3 +3.6 V

5.1.4 Maximum input supply current Sum over all power pins 0.5 A

5.2 Recommended operating range Table 5-2. Recommended operating range. No. Parameter Condition Minimum Typical Maximum Units

5.2.1 Temperature range -10 +60 °C

5.2.2 Supply voltage 1.8 3.0 3.6 V

12 AVR2037 8356A-AVR-02/11

6 Abbreviations ADC - Analog to digital converter

COG - Chip on glass

IR - Infra Red

LED - Light Emitting Diode

PCB - Printed Circuit Board

RCB - Radio Controller Board

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Appendix A - PCB design data

A.1 Schematic

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14 AVR2037 8356A-AVR-02/11

A.2 Assembly drawing

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A.3 Bill of materials Table A-1. Bill of materials.

Qty. Designator Description Footprint Manufacturer# Manufacturer Comment 1 C1 Capacitor 0603H0.8 1µF

3 C2, C3, C18 Capacitor 0402A n.i.

3 C4, C5, C6 Capacitor 0402A 10nF

6 C7, C8, C9, C10, C11, C21 Capacitor 0402A 100nF

8

C12, C13, C14, C15, C16, C17, C19, C20 Capacitor 0805 2.2µF/25V

1 DIS1 Key head, round, black 32128A-FA-BW DisplayTech LCD 32128A

2 EXT0, EXT1 Header, 15x2-pol. TFM-115-02 TFM-115-02-S-D-LC Samtec

TFM-115-02-S-D-LC

5

LED1, LED2, LED3, LED4, LED5 LED red LED_PLCC-2 TLMT3100 Vishay TLMT3100

1 LED6 LED IR SFH425 SFH425 950nm

2 M1, M2 Key head, round, red APEM Cap red

1 M3 Key head, round, green APEM Cap green

1 M4 Key head, round, yellow APEM Cap yellow

1 M5 Key head, round, blue APEM Cap blue

1 M6 Key head, round, black APEM Cap black

4 M7, M8, M9, M10

Rubber feet, 10x3.5mm, clear Rubber feet

1 R1 Resistor 0603H0.4 100Ω

5 R2, R3, R4, R5, R6 Resistor 0402A 330Ω

1 R7 Resistor 0603H0.4 30kΩ

1 R8 Resistor 0402A 10kΩ

8

R9, R10, R11, R12, R13, R14, R17, R18 Resistor 0402A 47kΩ

1 R15 Resistor 0603H0.4 51Ω

1 R16 Resistor 0603H0.4 n.i.

2 RF1, RF2 REF1TOP, REF2TOP

REF1TOP, REF2TOP

6

SW1, SW2, SW3, SW4, SW5, SW6 Switch SW_Farnell177-807 DTSM644R APEM

SWITCH_1_POL_4PIN

16 AVR2037 8356A-AVR-02/11

Qty. Designator Description Footprint Manufacturer# Manufacturer Comment

19

SW7, SW8, SW9, SW10, SW11, SW12, SW13, SW14, SW15, SW16, SW17, SW18, SW19, SW20, SW21, SW22, SW23, SW24, SW25 Switch SW_Farnell177-807 4-1437565-1 Tyco

SWITCH_1_POL_4PIN

4 TP1, TP2, TP3, TP4 Solder/test point TP_05 L-OESE

1 U1 LFCSP-16 ADXL335BCPZ Analog Devices ADXL335

1 U2 RS-232 receiver, auto-shutdown SSOP-16/0.65 MAX3221ECAE

1 U3

OCTAL D-TYPE TRANSPARENT LCH 3SO TSSOP-20 74LVC573APW Philips 74LVC573

2 X1, X2 Header, 5x2-pol. TSM105_2x5pin _ang

TSM105-01-L-DH Samtec HEADER-5X2

1 X3 Header, 28-pol. HD_FFC_FPC0,50 _28pol 52435-2872 Molex HEADER-28

2 X4, X5 Shorts two contacts Jumper, 100mil

AVR2037

178356A-AVR-02/11

EVALUATION BOARD/KIT IMPORTANT NOTICE This evaluation board/kit is intended for use for FURTHER ENGINEERING, DEVELOPMENT, DEMONSTRATION, OR EVALUATION PURPOSES ONLY. It is not a finished product, and may not (yet) comply with some or any technical or legal requirements that are applicable to finished products, including, without limitation, directives regarding electromagnetic compatibility, recycling (WEEE), FCC, CE, or UL (except as may be otherwise noted on the board/kit). Atmel supplied this board/kit “AS IS,” without any warranties, with all faults, at the buyer’s and further users’ sole risk. The user assumes all responsibility and liability for proper and safe handling of the goods. Further, the user indemnifies Atmel from all claims arising from the handling or use of the goods. Due to the open construction of the product, it is the user’s responsibility to take any and all appropriate precautions with regard to electrostatic discharge and any other technical or legal concerns.

EXCEPT TO THE EXTENT OF THE INDEMNITY SET FORTH ABOVE, NEITHER USER NOR ATMEL SHALL BE LIABLE TO EACH OTHER FOR ANY INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES.

No license is granted under any patent right or other intellectual property right of Atmel covering or relating to any machine, process, or combination in which such Atmel products or services might be or are used.

Mailing Address: Atmel Corporation, 2325 Orchard Parkway, San Jose, CA 95131 Copyright © 2009, Atmel Corporation.

18 AVR2037 8356A-AVR-02/11

References

[1] Atmel ATmega128RFA1; 8-bit Microcontroller with Low Power 2.4GHz Transceiver for ZigBee and IEEE 802.15.4; Datasheet, Rev A; 12/09; Atmel Corporation

[2] Atmel AT86RF231; Low Power 2.4 GHz Transceiver for ZigBee, IEEE 802.15.4, 6LoWPAN, RF4CE, SP100, WirelessHART, and ISM Applications, Datasheet; Rev C; 09/09; Atmel Corporation

[3] Atmel AT86RF212; Low Power 2.4 GHz Transceiver for ZigBee, IEEE 802.15.4, 6LoWPAN, RF4CE, SP100, WirelessHART, and ISM Applications; Datasheet; Rev C; 02/10; Atmel Corporation

[4] Atmel ATmega1281V; 8-bit Microcontroller with 64K/128K/256K Bytes In-System Programmable Flash; Datasheet; Rev M; 09/10; Atmel Corporation

[5] Atmel AVR2044; RCB128RFA1 - Hardware User Manual; Schematic Drawing; Layout Drawing; Atmel Corporation

[6] MAXIM MAX3221ECAE; ±15kV ESD-Protected, 1μA, 3.0V to 5.5V, 250kbps, RS-232 Transceivers with AutoShutdown; Datasheet; Rev 6; 9/05; MAXIM Semiconductor

[7] Displaytech 32128A; LCD module; Datasheet; Rev 1.0; 3/06; Displaytech Ltd. [8] Sitronix ST7565V; 65 x 132 Dot Matrix LCD Controller/Driver; Datasheet; Ver

1.5b; 2009/09/14 [9] Analog Devices ADXL335; Small, Low Power, 3-Axis ±3G Accelerometer;

Datasheet; Rev B; 1/10

AVR2037

198356A-AVR-02/11

7 Table of contents Features............................................................................................... 1 1 Introduction...................................................................................... 1 2 Disclaimer......................................................................................... 2 3 Overview........................................................................................... 2 4 Peripheral blocks ............................................................................. 3

4.1 RCB interface ...................................................................................................... 3 4.2 Power supply ....................................................................................................... 3

4.2.1 Supply current measurement .................................................................................... 4 4.3 Interfaces............................................................................................................. 5

4.3.1 Programming interface .............................................................................................. 5 4.3.2 LEDs.......................................................................................................................... 6 4.3.3 RS232 interface......................................................................................................... 6 4.3.4 128 x 32 graphic display............................................................................................ 7

4.4 Key matrix............................................................................................................ 8 4.5 Acceleration sensor........................................................................................... 10 4.6 IR transmitter ..................................................................................................... 10

5 Electrical characteristics............................................................... 11 5.1 Absolute maximum ratings ................................................................................ 11 5.2 Recommended operating range........................................................................ 11

6 Abbreviations ................................................................................. 12 Appendix A - PCB design data ........................................................ 13

A.1 Schematic ......................................................................................................... 13 A.2 Assembly drawing............................................................................................. 14 A.3 Bill of materials.................................................................................................. 15

EVALUATION BOARD/KIT IMPORTANT NOTICE ........................... 17 References......................................................................................... 18 7 Table of contents ........................................................................... 19

8356A-AVR-02/11

Atmel Corporation 2325 Orchard Parkway San Jose, CA 95131 USA Tel: (+1)(408) 441-0311 Fax: (+1)(408) 487-2600 www.atmel.com

Atmel Asia Limited Unit 01-5 & 16, 19F BEA Tower, Milennium City 5 418 Kwun Tong Road Kwun Tong, Kowloon HONG KONG Tel: (+852) 2245-6100 Fax: (+852) 2722-1369

Atmel Munich GmbH Business Campus Parkring 4 D-85748 Garching b. Munich GERMANY Tel: (+49) 89-31970-0 Fax: (+49) 89-3194621

Atmel Japan 9F, Tonetsu Shinkawa Bldg. 1-24-8 Shinkawa Chou-ku, Tokyo 104-0033 JAPAN Tel: (+81) 3523-3551 Fax: (+81) 3523-7581

© 2011 Atmel Corporation. All rights reserved. / Rev.: CORP0XXXX

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