Awareness Workshop on Accessibility at Ranchi on 6th Sept 2016

Dr. P.K. Lenka, Faculty NIOHDepartment of Empowerment of PWDs , Ministry of

Social Justice & Empowerment, Govt. of India

What is Accessibility ?

• It refers to the ability for everyone, regardless of differently able or special needs, to access, use and benefit from everything within their environment.

• It is the “degree to which a product, device, service, or environment is available to as many people as possible

Symbols of Accessibility

What are common Barrier to Accessibility?

• Factors in a person’s environment that, through their absence or presence, limit functionality, such as:– a physical environment that is not accessible,– lack of relevant assistive technology (assistive,

adaptive, and rehabilitative devices),– negative attitudes of people towards disability,– services, systems and policies that are either

nonexistent or that hinder the involvement of all people with disabilties in all areas of life

Transport

Technological

Programmatic

Policy & Practice

Attitudinal

Communication

Physical

Physical barriers

• Architectural or physical barriers are elements of buildings or outdoor spaces that create barriers to persons with disabilities. These barriers relate to elements such as the design of a building’s stairs or doorways, the layout of rooms, or the width of halls and sidewalks.

• Examples of architectural or physical barriers include:Stairs only , no elevators, no ramps or slopes of required designSidewalks and doorways that are too narrow for a wheelchair, scooter, or walker.

Desks that are too high for a person who is using a wheelchair, or other mobility device.Poor lighting that makes it difficult to see for a person with low vision.Doorknobs that are difficult to grasp for a person with arthritis.

Communication Barrier

• It is experienced by people who have disabilities that affect hearing, speaking, reading, writing, and or understanding, and who use different ways to communicate than people who do not have these disabilities. :

• People with vision impairments– Use of small print or no large-print versions of material– No Braille or versions for people who use screen readers.

• People with hearing impairments– Videos that do not include captioning, and– Oral communications without accompanying manual interpretation (such as,

Sign Language).• The use of technical language, long sentences, and words with many

syllables may be significant barriers to understanding for people with cognitive impairments.

Attitudinal Barrier

Attitudinal barriers are behaviors, perceptions, and assumptions that discriminate against persons with disabilities. These barriers often emerge from a lack of understanding, which can lead people to ignore, to judge, or have misconceptions about a person with a disability.

Examples of attitudinal barriers include:Assuming a person with a disability is inferior.Assuming that someone with a speech impairment cannot understand you.Forming ideas about a person because of stereotypes or a lack of knowledge.Making a person feel as though you are doing them a “special favor” by providing their accommodations.

Policy Barriers

• It is related to a lack of awareness or enforcement of existing laws and regulations that require programs and activities be accessible to people with disabilities.– Denying qualified individuals with disabilities the opportunity to

participate in or benefit from federally funded programs, services, or other benefits;

– Denying individuals with disabilities access to programs, services, benefits, or opportunities to participate as a result of physical barriers; and

– Denying reasonable accommodations to qualified individuals with disabilities, so they can perform the essential functions of the job for which they have applied or have been hired to perform.

Programmatic Barriers

Programmatic barriers limit the effective delivery of aeducation or healthcare program for people with

different types of impairments. – Lack of special educator and AT in educational Institution;– Lack of accessible equipment (such as mammography

screening equipment);– Insufficient time set aside for medical examination and

procedures;– Little or no communication with patients or participants;

and

Technology Barrier

Technology barriers occur when a device is not accessible toPWDs or its intended audience

Examples of technology barriers include:• Electronic documents without accessibility features, such as

alternative text (Alt Text), that screen readers read to describe an image.

• Handouts or course material that is available only in hard copies.• Requiring students to use a website that does not meet

accessibility standards.• Mobiles , computer, TV, Refrigerator, Washing Machine , camera ,

Cars, Byke etc.

Transportation barriers

• Transportation barriers are due to a lack of adequate transportation that interferes with a person’s ability to be independent and to function in society. – Lack of access to accessible or convenient

transportation for people who are not able to drive because of vision or cognitive impairments

– Public transportation may be unavailable or at inconvenient distances or locations.

Summery of Accessibility

–Access to Information–Access to Services–Access to Buildings and Facilities–Access to Products–Access to Technology–Access to Society

Eliminating Access Barriers

• Appropriate accommodations (5-A)– Altering the physical access to a building– Advanced Technology (AT & ECU )– Allowing flexibility of timelines– Alternative or Universal Product Design or Design for All– Alternative Transportation Systems

• Flexible communication mechanisms– Accessible website, information in Braille, electronic formats, large

print or plain language text, teletypewriter and telephone relay service for Deaf and speech impaired people, AAC, Sign Language etc

• Legal requirements to provide equal access– PWD Act 1995 and others

Altering Physical Access to Buildings/Public Places for PWLD

- avoid abrupt vertical changes of levels;- provision of accessible parking and toilets;- avoid excessive slopes;- provide adequate reach at counters etc;- provide clearance under tables and benches etc;- provide adequate doorway width; - avoid surface finishes which hamper wheelchair mobility.- steps and handrail design;- provide non-slip surface finishes; and- provision of accessible fittings (door handles, taps etc); and

operation of switches

HANDBOOK ON BARRIER FREE AND ACCESSIBILITY

Accessibility Guidelines

Altering Physical Access to Buildings/Public Places for PWVI

- provide ways for identifying change in direction, levels, hazards and obstacles;

- ensure good size, colour, colour contrast, location and illumination for printed material and signs; and

- provide clear, even illumination levels in and around buildings.

Altering Physical Access to Buildings/Public Places for PWHI

- provide information that is both written and spoken;

- provide clear signage; and- provide an audio loop or other appropriate

hearing augmentation systems.- ensure clear pathways through a building

Environmental Control Unit

• Environmental control technologies have been invented that allow PWLD to remotely control electronics using a multitude of data transmission mediums;– Infrared (IR)– Radio frequency (RF)– Ultrasonic wave(US)– Copper wiring– Blue tooth technology– Wi-Fi zone

Imperium 200H can communicate between X-10 technology, Insteon technology, general IR devices, specialized hospital devices such as beds and nurse calls, telephones, and other similar equipment.

Mini-Relax with X-10 ECU, used to control televisions

A receiver is the unit of the system that directly controls the appliance, lamp, or other device plugged into it

X-10 Controller (Left) and X-10 Transceiver (Right).

HC1800C,

Remote controls

Remote telephone set

X-10 Technology

Assistive Technology

• It is defined as “any item, piece of equipment, or product system whether acquired commercially off the shelf, modified or customized, that is used to increase, maintain, or improve functional capabilities of individuals with disabilities”

Types of AT Devices

• Aids for Daily Living (10,730)• Blind and Low Vision (6,186)• Communication (6,125)• Computers (6,217)• Deaf And Hard of Hearing (2,125)• Environmental Adaptations (3,792)• Housekeeping (2,750)• Recreation (5,107)• Safety and Security (696)• Transportation (1,260)• Walking, Mobility Aids, Prosthesis, Orthosis (8807)

Examples of AT

Individuals with Alzheimer's disease, cognitive disabilities, brain injury, or memory disabilities.

Natural Light Tabletop Makeup Mirror is a magnifying mirror designed for use by individuals with low vision

Raised Toilet Seat with Removable Arms is designed for individuals who have difficulty sitting down or getting up from the toilet.

The 2-Lever Great Grips are grasping aids for a door knob designed for use by individuals with arthritis, grasping disabilities, or upper extremity neuromuscular disabilities.

Utensil Handles are foam holders that fit into palm of the handToilet Back Support System

Leg Loop Leg Lift

Universal Built Up Handle

Arm support for feeding

Shopping Bag Handle

Jar- openerGood Grips Button Hook

Zipper Pull

Blind and Low Vision

voice output calculator

Voice Output Microwave Oven

The Explorer Globe is a voice output globe with interactive educational games designed for children with learning disabilities or low vision. When a spot on the globe is touched with a special pen, facts in selected categories are spoken .

BrainPort® V100

It translates digital information from a video camera into gentle electrical stimulation patterns on the surface of the tongue. Users feel moving bubble-like patterns on their tongue which they learn to interpret as the shape, size, location, and motion of objects in their environment

An audible electronic mobility aid and obstacle detector designed for use by individuals who are blind or have low vision.

LED Stand Magnifier is a battery operated handheld magnifier designed for individuals with low vision.

Computer Input

• Conventional Input Methods• Alternatives to Keyboard Input• Alternatives to Mouse Input• Input by Switch• Voice Recognition

Maltron Ergonomic Keyboard

Maltron keyboard

Infra-red Keyboard

Infra-red Keyboard

BAT Keyboard

Intelli-keyboard

Tash Mini keyboard & keyguard

Cherry Mini Keyboard

Mouse Alternatives

• Alternative Pointing devices– Trackballs– joysticks– Touch Pads

• Head Mouse• Mouse Emulation• Touch Screen• Screen Hotspots

LogitechMarble mouse

Touchpad

Joystick Mouse

Penny and Giles Joystick Plus

Penny and Giles Tracker

Trackerball

Penny and Giles Trackball Plus

Head MouseZygo Head Mouse

Switch Access

• Single/Double Switch Input• On Screen Keyboards• Morse Code

Augmentative Alternative Communication

Lightwriter

Amplified Answering Machine is a hearing aid compatible amplified answering machine designed for use by individuals who are deaf or hard of hearing.

Audio Visual Alert System is a flashing light

All device may be used to produce speech that listeners can hear.

• DynaVox devices• PRC devices• Words+ devices• AbleNet devices• AdamLab devices• Adaptivation devices• Blink-Twice devices• Many, many more

Digivox

Touchpad PC

Microsoft Accessibility Wizard

Mic

roso

ft M

agni

fier

Web Accessibility• The internet is a place of equality. It can give us power and choice at the same

level if accessible.

• Tim Berners-Lee (founder of WWW) says the power of the web is in its universality ….access by everyone regardless of disability is its essential aspect.

• Accessibility is about building web pages that can be navigated and read by everyone, regardless of disability, location, experience or technology.

• Art 9 (UNCRPD) requires all information technologies to be accessible to persons with disabilities.

• Signatory to both UNCRPD (2006) and Biwako Millennium framework towards an Inclusive, Barrier-free and Rights-based Society for PWDs in Asia and the Pacific (2002)

Accessibility Policies: SummarySc

ope

of C

over

age Hi

gh (c

over

s web

+ ot

her

infra

stru

ctur

e)

Low

(onl

y ge

neric

or

web

)

High(Legislation and guideline

or policy)

Low (only guideline or policy)

Type of policy

Japan USAGermanyKorea

India UKAustralia

Visual – blind, low vision, color-blind -screen readersHearing – deafness-captioning for sound

Motor – inability to use a mouse, slow response time, limited fine motor- hitting keys with a stick in their mouths

Cognitive – includes learning disabilities, unable to focus

Web Accessibility

• aViewer - The Accessibility Viewer (aViewer) is an inspection tool for Windows that displays the accessibility API information exposed by web browsers to the operating system

• NVDA (“Non-Visual Desktop Access”) is a free, open source screen reader.

• VoiceOver is the screen reader that ships with Mac OS X, as well as iOS devices such as the iPhone and iPAd.

• ChromeVox is Google’s screen reader that ships with Chrome OS. It is also available as an extension for the Google Chrome web browser.

Feature DescriptionEase of Access Center Provides a centralized location in the Control Panel where you can adjust

accessibility settings and programs. You can also get recommendations for settings to make your PC easier to see, hear, and use.

Magnifier Magnifies the screen or a portion of the screen to make text, images, and objects easier to see.

On-Screen Keyboard A visual, on-screen keyboard with all the standard keys that you can use instead of a physical keyboard. On-Screen Keyboard also lets you type and enter data with a mouse or other pointing device.

Narrator Reads aloud on-screen text and describes some events (such as error messages appearing) that happen while you're using the computer.

Speech Recognition Enables you to interact with your computer using only your voice while maintaining, or even increasing, your productivity.

Font Size Lets you make text and objects larger and easier to see without losing graphics quality.

Personalization You can add a personal touch to your computer by changing the computer's theme, color, sounds, desktop background, screen saver, font size, and user account picture. You can also select specific gadgets for your desktop.

Touch If you've got a touch-screen monitor, you can just touch your computer screen for a more direct and natural way to work. Use your fingers to scroll, resize windows, play media, and pan and zoom.

Keyboard shortcuts Keyboard combinations of two or more keys that, when pressed, can be used to perform a task that would typically require a mouse or other pointing device. Keyboard shortcuts can make it easier to interact with your computer, saving you time and effort.

Sticky Keys Instead of having to press three keys at once (such as when you must press the CTRL, ALT, and DELETE keys simultaneously to log on to Windows), you can press one key at a time when Sticky Keys is turned on.

Mouse Keys Instead of using the mouse, you can use the arrow keys on the numeric keypad to move the pointer.

Filter Keys Ignore keystrokes that occur in rapid succession and keystrokes that are held down for several seconds unintentionally.

Visual Notifications Replace system sounds with visual cues, such as a flash on the screen, so system alerts are announced with visual notifications instead of sounds.

Captions Get information via animations and video that some programs use to indicate that activity is happening on your computer.

• Shift from a medical to social model

• Shift from professional driven to consumer driven services

• Universal Design• Professional development

& qualifications for AT providers

• Continuing technological advancements

Recent Developments

72

The Question ?

“When technology removes limitations, individuals with disabilities can do

depends strictly upon abilities, training and experience.”

Thank You for coming

Contact: lenka_pk@yahoo.co.uk, 9433175340