axial skeleton: appendicular...
TRANSCRIPT
§ Axial Skeleton: § Skull, ribs, spine, and
sternum
§ Appendicular Skeleton: § Arms, legs, scapula,
clavicle, pelvis
§ Provide a framework which muscles can pull, give shape and structure to the body, and support and protect internal organs
§ Contain mineral, such as calcium and phosphorous
§ Produces red blood cells, platelets, and certain types of white blood cells
§ Periosteum: tough membrane that contains a network of blood vessels that supply nutrients, and nerves, that signal pain
§ Compact bone: endures stress § Haversian canal: blood
vessels run through carrying nutrients
§ Osteocytes: several layers of protein fibers wrapped around the Haversian Canal
§ Spongy Bone: connective tissue with latticework structure that consists of bony spikes arranged along points of pressure or stress, making bones both light and strong
§ Many bones contain a soft tissue which can be either yellow or red
§ Yellow Bone Marrow: § Found in long bones § Consists of mainly fat cells and serves as an
energy reserve § Can be converted into red bone marrow and
produce blood cells when severe blood loss
§ Red Bone Marrow: § found in spongy bone, the end of long bones,
ribs, vertebrae, the sternum, and the pelvis § Produces red blood cells, platelets, and
certain types of white blood cells
§ Most bones develop from cartilage § Second month of fetal development, most of the
skeleton is made of cartilage
§ Ossification: Process by which cartilage is slowly replaced by bone as a result of the deposition of minerals
§ Few bones develop directly into hard bone § Skull
§ Movable Joints: § Allow a wide range of movements and activities § Hinge, ball-and-socket, pivot, and saddle, gliding joints
§ Semi movable Joints: § Permit limited movement § Hold the bones of vertebral column in place and allow the body to bend and twist
§ Fixed Joints § Prevent movement § Skull
§ Ligaments: Tough bands of connective tissue, hold the joint in place
§ Synovial fluid: helps protect the ends of bones from damage by friction
§ Arthritis: § Rheumatoid: immune systems begins to
attack its body tissue § Osteoarthritis: degenerative joints
disease in which the cartilage covering the surface of the bone becomes thinner and rougher