axial (spiritual age) 6 th -4 th century bce
DESCRIPTION
Axial (Spiritual Age) 6 th -4 th century BCE. Influential Thinkers Buddha Mahavira Confucius Laozi ? Socrates Aristotle Plato & other Greeks. New Religions/ Philosophical Systems Buddhism Confucianism Daoism Greek Philosophy. Zhou Dynasty & Confucianism. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Axial (Spiritual Age) 6 th -4 th century BCE](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062517/5681309f550346895d9696a7/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Axial (Spiritual Age) 6th-4th century BCE
Influential Thinkers• Buddha• Mahavira• Confucius• Laozi ?• Socrates• Aristotle• Plato & other Greeks
New Religions/Philosophical Systems
• Buddhism• Confucianism• Daoism• Greek Philosophy
![Page 2: Axial (Spiritual Age) 6 th -4 th century BCE](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062517/5681309f550346895d9696a7/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Zhou Dynasty & Confucianism
I. Dynasties in Chinese HistoryII. Zhou DynastyIII. Confucianism
IDs: Mandate of Heaven, Duke of Zhou, Confucius (Kong-fu-zi), d. 479 BCE, Confucian reciprocity, filial piety
![Page 3: Axial (Spiritual Age) 6 th -4 th century BCE](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062517/5681309f550346895d9696a7/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Argument
Zhou Dynasty ideals and the philosophy of Confucianism initiated the political, social and familial ideology that dominated Chinese government and society until the early 20th century.
![Page 4: Axial (Spiritual Age) 6 th -4 th century BCE](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062517/5681309f550346895d9696a7/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
I. Dynasties in Chinese History
A. Unity of China under dynasty by 1100 BCE
![Page 5: Axial (Spiritual Age) 6 th -4 th century BCE](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062517/5681309f550346895d9696a7/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
B. Dynasties as Gov’ts & Periods in Chinese History
Shang Dynasty (1600-1050 BCE)
Zhou Dynasty (1050-256 BCE)
Qin Dynasty (256-206 BCE)
Han Dynasty (206 BCE-220 CE)
Sui Dynasty (581-618 CE)
Tang Dynasty (618-906 CE)Song Dynasty (960-1279)Yuan Dynasty (1279-1368)Ming (1368-1644)Qing (1644-1911)
![Page 6: Axial (Spiritual Age) 6 th -4 th century BCE](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062517/5681309f550346895d9696a7/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
C. Shang Dynasty (ca. 1600-1050 BCE)
Union of kings & priests (diviners) in state
![Page 7: Axial (Spiritual Age) 6 th -4 th century BCE](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062517/5681309f550346895d9696a7/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Religious ideas
• Ancestor worship• Di (High God, founding
ancestor of Shang family)• Divination by oracle bones
![Page 8: Axial (Spiritual Age) 6 th -4 th century BCE](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062517/5681309f550346895d9696a7/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
II. Zhou Dynasty (1027 – 256 BCE)
A. Composition of 4 of 5 Chinese Classical Texts
![Page 9: Axial (Spiritual Age) 6 th -4 th century BCE](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062517/5681309f550346895d9696a7/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
B. Governing Ideals
1. Mandate of Heaven
Di = Heaven
King WenKing Wu
![Page 10: Axial (Spiritual Age) 6 th -4 th century BCE](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062517/5681309f550346895d9696a7/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Mandate of Heaven & the Dynastic Cycle
![Page 11: Axial (Spiritual Age) 6 th -4 th century BCE](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062517/5681309f550346895d9696a7/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
2. Virtuous Rulers and Ministers as Models
• King Wu• Duke of Zhou• Regent
![Page 12: Axial (Spiritual Age) 6 th -4 th century BCE](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062517/5681309f550346895d9696a7/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
3. Values
• Family• Social order• Strong son
preference
![Page 13: Axial (Spiritual Age) 6 th -4 th century BCE](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062517/5681309f550346895d9696a7/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
4. Warring States Period* (770-221 BCE)
Breakdown of unityLots of small statesWar & anarchy
(*actually it’s divided into Eastern Zhou Dynasty period, Spring and Autumn Period, and Warring States Period)
![Page 14: Axial (Spiritual Age) 6 th -4 th century BCE](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062517/5681309f550346895d9696a7/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Hundred Masters or Hundred Schools of Thought
Confucius (Confucianism)
Laozi (Daoism)
![Page 15: Axial (Spiritual Age) 6 th -4 th century BCE](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062517/5681309f550346895d9696a7/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
III. Confucianism
Confucius (Kong-fu-zi), 551-479 BCE
The Analects
![Page 16: Axial (Spiritual Age) 6 th -4 th century BCE](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062517/5681309f550346895d9696a7/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
A. Ideology of Confucianism
1. Hierarchy in Human Relationships leads to social order
![Page 17: Axial (Spiritual Age) 6 th -4 th century BCE](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062517/5681309f550346895d9696a7/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
a. Hierarchical Pairs
1. father-son2. ruler-minister3. husband-wife4. friend-friend5. older brother-younger
brother
![Page 18: Axial (Spiritual Age) 6 th -4 th century BCE](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062517/5681309f550346895d9696a7/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
b. Reciprocity
• treat those above with respect
• treat those below with benevolence
![Page 19: Axial (Spiritual Age) 6 th -4 th century BCE](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062517/5681309f550346895d9696a7/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
2. Achieving Proper Behavior
Rectification of Names
![Page 20: Axial (Spiritual Age) 6 th -4 th century BCE](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062517/5681309f550346895d9696a7/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
b. Filial piety
![Page 21: Axial (Spiritual Age) 6 th -4 th century BCE](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062517/5681309f550346895d9696a7/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
c. ritual
• Ancestors• “Heaven”
![Page 22: Axial (Spiritual Age) 6 th -4 th century BCE](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062517/5681309f550346895d9696a7/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
B. Impact of Confucianism
1. A philosophy rather than a religion
2. Subordination of Individual to Family
![Page 23: Axial (Spiritual Age) 6 th -4 th century BCE](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062517/5681309f550346895d9696a7/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
3. Reshaping of Elites as Gentlemen Officials
Gov’t service: highest status
Emphasis on educationTraining in virtue
![Page 24: Axial (Spiritual Age) 6 th -4 th century BCE](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062517/5681309f550346895d9696a7/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
4. Virtue & Reciprocity in Gov’t.
Do not seek profitSupport agricultureProtect common people
![Page 25: Axial (Spiritual Age) 6 th -4 th century BCE](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062517/5681309f550346895d9696a7/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Argument
Zhou Dynasty ideals and the philosophy of Confucianism initiated the political, social and familial ideology that dominated Chinese government and society until the early 20th century.