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MA2009: tutorial T1 circuits fundamentals circuits fundamentals

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Page 1: AY2012 - MA2009 - Tutorials v3

MA2009: tutorial T1

circuits fundamentalscircuits fundamentals

Page 2: AY2012 - MA2009 - Tutorials v3

T1 1: batteriesT1.1: batteries

• The capacity of a car battery is usually specified in ampere‐hours. A b tt t d t 100 A h h ld b bl t l 100 A• A battery rated at, say, 100 A‐h should be able to supply 100 A for 1 hour, 50 A for 2 hours, 25 A for 4 hours, 1 A for 100 hours or any other combination yielding a product of 100 A‐hours, or any other combination yielding a product of 100 Ah.a. How many coulombs of charge should we be able to draw from a 

fully charged 100 A‐h battery?b. How many electrons?

answers:a)360x103C; b)224x1022

Page 3: AY2012 - MA2009 - Tutorials v3

T1 2: batteriesT1.2: batteries

Th h l h i Fi i• The charge cycle shown in Figure is an example of a two‐rate charge. 

• The current is held constant at 50 mA for 5 h Then it is switched to 20mA for 5 h. Then it is switched to 20 mA for the next 5 h. Find:a The total charge transferred to thea. The total charge transferred to the 

battery.b. The energy transferred to the 

battery.

Hint: Recall that energy, w, is the integral of power, or P = dw/dt .gy, , g f p , /

answers:a)1260 Cb)1732.5 J

Page 4: AY2012 - MA2009 - Tutorials v3

T1 3: Kirchhoff’s lawsT1.3: Kirchhoff s laws

• apply KCL to find the unknown current in the following circuitsg

a) b)

answers:a)3Ab)‐3A

Page 5: AY2012 - MA2009 - Tutorials v3

T1 4: Kirchhoff’s lawsT1.4: Kirchhoff s laws

• apply KCL to find voltages v1 and v2

answers:a)v1=12Vb)v2=2V

Page 6: AY2012 - MA2009 - Tutorials v3

T1 5 : Ohm’s lawT1.5 : Ohm s law

• use Ohm’s law and KCL to determine the current in the circuit

I1I2

2

answers:a) I1= 6.66Ab) I2= 3.33A

Page 7: AY2012 - MA2009 - Tutorials v3

T1 6 : powerT1.6 : power

• For the circuit

– determine which components are absorbing power and which are delivering power

– is the conservation of power satisfied?• explain your answer YES (power is conserved)p y

C absorbs 25WD absorbs 30WE absorbs 20W

answers:A generates 60WB generates 15W

Page 8: AY2012 - MA2009 - Tutorials v3

MP2008: tutorial T2

node‐voltage and mesh‐currentnode voltage and mesh currentmethods

Page 9: AY2012 - MA2009 - Tutorials v3

T2 1: Kirchhoff’s lawsT2.1: Kirchhoff s laws

• use Kirchhoff’s Current Law (KCL) to determine the unknown currents in the circuit

• assumeI 2 AI0 = ‐2 AI1 = ‐4 AIS = 8 AVS = 12 VVS  12 V

AnswersI2 = 6A;I3 = 2A.

Page 10: AY2012 - MA2009 - Tutorials v3

T2 2: node voltage methodT2.2: node voltage methodAnswers14.23V; 4.6 V; ‐5.4 V

Page 11: AY2012 - MA2009 - Tutorials v3

T2 3:mesh current methodT2.3: mesh current methodAnswer23.9 V

Page 12: AY2012 - MA2009 - Tutorials v3

T2 4: look carefully at the circuitT2.4: look carefully at the circuitfind simple ways to determine the current I2 for p y 2both KCL and KVL cases

II2

Answer: 1.6A

Page 13: AY2012 - MA2009 - Tutorials v3

T2 5: Kirchhoff’s lawsT2.5: Kirchhoff s laws • For the circuit shown in the following Figure, determine: g g ,

a. The current I1, I2 and I3b. The power delivered by the 3 A current source and by the 12V 

lvoltage source c. The total power dissipated by the circuit. 

• Express I I and I as a function of V knowing that:

V1

• Express I1, I2 and I3 as a function of V1 knowing that:– R1 = 25 Ω ,  R2= 10 Ω,  R3= 5 Ω ,  R4= 7 Ω 

1

I3

I2

‐279 W (current source);‐6.2 W (voltage source);285.2W (tot dissipated)

Answers:I1 = 3A; I2 = ‐1.8A; I3 = ‐1.2A;PWR 

Page 14: AY2012 - MA2009 - Tutorials v3

MP2008: tutorial T3

superpositionsuperpositionThevenin & Norton Equivalent

Page 15: AY2012 - MA2009 - Tutorials v3

T3 1: superpositionT3.1: superpositionAnswer5.99 V

Page 16: AY2012 - MA2009 - Tutorials v3

T3 2: equivalent resistorT3.2: equivalent resistor

fi d th i l t i t b th• find the equivalent resistance seen by the source and the current I in the circuit.

• Vs=12V, R0=4Ω, R1=2Ω, R2=50Ω, R3=8Ω, R4=10Ω,R5=12Ω, R6 = 6Ω . 

Answers4.76; 139 mA

Page 17: AY2012 - MA2009 - Tutorials v3

T3 3: Thevenin equivalentT3.3: Thevenin equivalent

find the Thevenin equiv. resistance seen by resistor R5 in the circuit below and computer the Thevenin (open‐circuit) voltage and the Norton (short circuit) when R5 is the loadvoltage and the Norton (short‐circuit) when R5 is the load.

Answers22.92 ; ‐6.67 V;  ‐291 mA

Page 18: AY2012 - MA2009 - Tutorials v3

T3 4: Thevenin & NortonT3.4: Thevenin & Norton

find the Thevenin equiv. resistance seen by resistor R5 in the circuit below and computer the Thevenin (open‐circuit) voltage and the Norton (short circuit) when R5 is the loadvoltage and the Norton (short‐circuit) when R5 is the load.

Answers:52 ; 12.8 V; 246 mA

Page 19: AY2012 - MA2009 - Tutorials v3

MP2008: tutorial T4

power transferpower transferenergy storagesignal measures

Page 20: AY2012 - MA2009 - Tutorials v3

T4 1:max power transferT4.1:max power transferAnswers:a)8; 4.5W; 50%b)600; 510.4mW; 50%

Page 21: AY2012 - MA2009 - Tutorials v3

T4 2: energy storageT4.2: energy storageAnswers:11.76J; 0J; 0.18J; 17.65J

Page 22: AY2012 - MA2009 - Tutorials v3

T4 3: capacitive currentsT4.3: capacitive currents

Page 23: AY2012 - MA2009 - Tutorials v3

T4 4: rms and averageT4.4: rms and average

• Find the ratio between the average and rmsvalues of the waveform in the figureg

voltage1V

voltage

time2s 4s

9V‐9V

Answer:‐0.625

Page 24: AY2012 - MA2009 - Tutorials v3

MP2008: tutorial T5

frequency responsefrequency response

Page 25: AY2012 - MA2009 - Tutorials v3

T5 1: complex numbersT5.1: complex numbers

• A complex number Z can be represented in various ways. Typically y yp y– Cartesian: Polar:– Polar:

• determine the Polar and Cartesian forms for the following complex numbers

Page 26: AY2012 - MA2009 - Tutorials v3

T5 2: cutoff frequencyT5.2: cutoff frequency53kHz

Answer:high‐passgain 2/3 (or ‐3.5dB)

Page 27: AY2012 - MA2009 - Tutorials v3

T5 3: RLC filtersT5.3: RLC filters

(a) (b)

(c) (d)

c)LPd)LP

Answera)HPb)HP

Page 28: AY2012 - MA2009 - Tutorials v3

MP2008: tutorial T6

transient analysis fortransient analysis for switched, 1st order circuits

Page 29: AY2012 - MA2009 - Tutorials v3

T6 1: 1st order circuitsT6.1: 1st order circuits 

R1 = 5kR2 = 7kR3 = 3kL   =  0.9mHVs = 10V

Page 30: AY2012 - MA2009 - Tutorials v3

T6 2: 1st order circuitsT6.2: 1st order circuits

Page 31: AY2012 - MA2009 - Tutorials v3

T6 3: initial conditionsT6.3: initial conditionsDetermine the initial and final conditions for the following circuitsDetermine the initial and final conditions for the following circuits, assuming a steady‐state condition  at time t=0‐

Page 32: AY2012 - MA2009 - Tutorials v3

T6 4: initial conditionsT6.4: initial conditionsAnswer35.4 ms