aztecs, incas, mayans native americans of latin america
TRANSCRIPT
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Aztecs, Incas, Mayans
Native Americans of Latin America
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Aztecs
• Lived in Central Mexico
• Their capital was Tenochtitlan (Mexico City)– It was originally built on two islands in the middle
of Lake Texcoco.
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Tenochtitlan
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Way of Life
• Warrior Society– Highly developed military
• Farming was the main job.– “Floating Gardens”• rafts filled with mud to grow crops.
• Lived in huge cities
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Religion
• Main God– God of War and Sun• Demanded constant war and human sacrifice
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Government
• Emperor had supreme power over everyone!!
• Well organized
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Education
• Controlled by the priests
• Learned history, Aztec traditions, and crafts
• Some were chosen for special schools to learn official religious duties
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Contributions
• Roads with “rest stops”
• Making education mandatory
• Gold work and the beginnings of medicine
• Farming on ‘floating boats”
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Mayans
• Lived in the Yucatan Peninsula
• The capital of the second empire was Chichen Itza
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Way of Life
• Lived in small settlements in the country
• Large cities were religious centers– No one lived there all the time.
• Almost all Mayans were farmers
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Religion
• Worshipped rain gods, gods of soil, sun god, corn god
• Believed all gods and humans descended from the sun and moon
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Government
• Not a lot known about their government
• Historians think:– Each large city
controlled the area around it.
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Education
• Children learned at home from their parents
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Contributions
• Accurate calendar (354 days)
• Advanced Math (discovered Zero)
• Advanced writing system
• Pyramid Architecture
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Study the Stars and Created the Mayan Calendar
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Mayan Numbers
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Mayan Hieroglyphics
sky king house child citysky king house child city sky king house child citysky king house child city
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Kukulcan
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Incas• Lived in the Andes
Mountains– Mainly in Peru
• Their capital was Cuzco.
• Famous Inca city is Machu Picchu.
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Machu Picchu
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Way of Life• Farmers–Grew cotton, maize (corn), potatoes–Carved flat surfaces in mountains to farm• Terrace farming
• Artisans:–Bricks–Gold and Silver Jewelry–Pottery
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Created irrigation and roads
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Religion
• Incas were polytheists (believed in many gods)– Main god: Viracocha (Sun God)
• Priests were also surgeons.
• Sometimes sacrificed animals and children
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Government (Socialism)• Had an Emperor– Believed he was a descendent of the Sun God
• Had a class system– Priests– Soldiers– Artisans– Farmers– Slaves
• Mita (Labor Tax): Required people to work for the emperor a short time each year.
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Education
• Royalty• Went to school at age 13• Learned religion, government, history, and moral
norms
• Citizens– Did not go to school– Learned from their grandparents and parents
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Contributions• Architecture– The way Incas created cities, irrigation, and roads
were GENIUS!
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