BEFORE EXPLORATION

NEW FORM OF THINKING

Philosophers: Socrates, Plato and Aristotle-live based on reason.

Democracy is practiced in a limited form

A major republic is founded.

Law are written and kept on display

Ancient Greece Roman Empire

DEMOCRACY V. REPUBLICANISM

Everyone get one vote on each issue

Ideas debated amongst citizens

Citizens vote for a representative

Representatives debate and vote on political issues.

Democracy Republicanism

FEUDAL SYSTEM

Lord gave land to knights Knights promised military aide

Knights allowed people to farm their land People paid a tax to the knights

TRADE

Trade increased largely because of the Crusade.

Traded goods, people, and ideas. Rats were traded brining the Black Death

(estimated death toll is 25 mil) Shortage of workers=workers could demand

more New Middle Class emerged

RENAISSANCE

Began in Italy Fortification brought safety Rediscovered : “lost” texts: Greek and Roman Put a value on being human Gutenberg invented the printing press

ECONOMY

Mercantilism- Government run trading system

Development of major trading ports (Italy.) Banks emerged help merchants Joint-stock companies formed

Combination of merchants invest in a company.

VIKINGS

Came from the Scandinavia Were raiders throughout all of Europe 1000AD Leif Eriksson landed on the Labrador

peninsula Sail south to Newfoundland Created a short lived community

ADVANCEMENT IN NAVIGATION

Prince Henry organized the exploration world Built observatory School of Navigation Financed research Paid people to explore Africa