b physics, cp violation and ckm (theory)

Feb 12,2007 Vali Bashiry 1

B physics, CP violation and CKM (Theory)Vali Bashiry (IPM)Feb 12, 2007

Vali Bashiry 2Feb 12,2007

Plan of this talk Flavor Mesons (B, D, K) Unitarity triangle and New Physics B rare decays and B-> Bs mixing and Bs -> Future of flavor physics


3 FAMILIES - out of the vacuumLeptons

ee

Quarks

du

sc

bt

Family 1 (light)

Family 2 (heavy)

Family 3 (v. heavy)

WHY 3 FAMILIES ??



ee

Quarks

du

sc

bt

Family 1 (light)

Family 2 (heavy)

Family 3 (v. heavy)

WHY 3 FAMILIES ??

s

c



ee

Quarks

du

sc

bt

Family 1 (light)

Family 2 (heavy)

Family 3 (v. heavy)

WHY 3 FAMILIES ??

s

d c

u


, , i

i i iLL R Ri

L

uQ u d

d

Quarks: Masses ?

Scalar Higgs field

1

2

Yukawa couplingHiggs-quarks

012 v

, M2 2

u uij iji j u

Y L R ij

Y v Y vL Q u

Interaction quarks-W

(charged currents):

†u u u udiagM V M V

†u dCKMV V V

from flavour tomass eigenstates

33 unitary matrix

† = 2 2

i j i u d jcc L L L i j L

g gL u d W u V V d W

From the Higgs to the CKM Matrix

SpontaneousSymmetry breaking


2 3

2 2

3 2

1 / 21 / 2

1 1CKM

A iV A

A i A

Wolfenstein Parameterization (expansion in ~ 0.2):

CKM

ud us ub

cd cs cb

td ts tb

V V VV V V V

V V V

CPV phase

VCKM unitary and complex

4 real parameters . (3 angles and 1 phase)

2 6J A

* *Im 0ij k i kjJ V V V V

0 no CPV in SM

(phase invariant!)

Jarlskog 1985

Kobayashi, Maskawa 1973

“Explicit” CPV in SM, if: 3 ( )( )( ) / 0t c t u c u tF m m m m m m m 3' ( )( )( ) / 0b s b d s d bF m m m m m m m

non-degeneratemasses

Link between flavour and CP violation

The Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa Matrix


ubV

B sector: K sector:

3 3 3

0ud ub cd cb td tbV V V V V V

A A A

Expect large CP-violating

effects in B-System

2 5

0

ud us cd cs td tsV V V V V V

A

0,0 0,1

η,ρ

ρ

η

Tree processes

Loop processes (mixing, ...)

New Physics?

tdV

The Unitarity Triangle


Studying CP Violation in the B System

ATLAS

CLEO 3

?

1999

2008

2001

A Worldwide Effort:

BTEV


B deacysTree level & Loop level (Penguin)

B->J/Ks

“tree”

B->Ks

“penguin”

Pure Leptonic (B-> l+ l-, B-> l+ ,…) Hadronic (B->J/yKs, B->Ks,….) Semileptonic (B-> l+ l-, B->K l+ l-,….)


The CKM Matrix: Impact of B PhysicsObservables CKM

Parameters() Experimental Sources Theoretical Uncertainties Quality

md (|Vtd|) (1–)2 + 2 BdBd f +f – + X, XRECO fBdBd

ms (|Vts|) A Bs f + + X = fBsBs/fBdBd

sin2 , Bd cc sd, ss sd small

sin2 , Bd +(+) – Strong phases, penguins ?

, B DK small

b u, Direct CPV Strong phases, penguins ?

|Vcb| A b cl (excl. / incl.) FD*(1) / OPE

|Vub| 2 + 2 b ul (excl. / incl.) Model / OPE

|Vtd| (1–)2 + 2 Bd Model (QCD FA) ?

|Vts| NPBd Xs (K()) , K() l+l– (FCNC)

Model ?

|Vub|, fBd 2 + 2 B+ + fBd

() Observables may also depend on and A - not always explicitly noted


The Golden Channel:

Single weak phase:• clean extraction of CP phase

• no CPV in decay:

0 0, ,/ /( ) sin(2 ) sin( )

dS L S L BJ K J KA t m t

0

,/1

S LJ K

* * *

* * *

2iβe

tb td cb cs cd cs

tb td cb cs cd cs

V V V V V Vq Ap A V V V V V V

*cbV

csVb

d

c

d

cs

0 0,, / S LB B J K

bcs

d d

ct,c,ug

Tree Diagram Penguin

* *u t c tus ub cs cbA V V P P V V T P P

4 2(negligible)


Standard Inputs

|Vud| 0.97394 0.00089 neutron & nuclear decay|Vus| 0.2200 0.0025 K l|Vcd| 0.224 0.014 dimuon production: N (DIS)|Vcs| 0.969 0.058 W XcX (OPAL)|Vub| (4.09 0.61 0.42) 10–3 LEP inclusive|Vub| (4.08 0.56 0.40) 10–3 CLEO inclusive & moments bs|Vub| (3.25 0.29 0.55) 10–3 CLEO exclusive

product of likelihoods for |Vub|

|Vcb| (40.4 1.3 0.9) 10–3 Excl./Incl.+CLEO Moment Analysis K (2.271 0.017) 10–3 PDG 2000md (0.496 0.007) ps–1 BABAR,Belle,CDF,LEP,SLD (2002)ms Amplitude Spectrum’02 LEP, SLD, CDF (2002)sin2 0.734 0.054 WA, ICHEP 02mt(MS) (166 5) GeV/c2 CDF, D0, PDG 2000fBdBd (230 28 28) MeV Lattice 2000 1.16 0.03 0.05 Lattice 2000BK 0.87 0.06 0.13 Lattice 2000

Tree

pro

cess

n

o N

ew P

hysi

csSt

anda

rd C

KM

fit i

n ha

nd o

f lat

tice

QC

D

+ other parameters with less relevant errors…

status: ICHEP’02


CP violation and quark flavor mixing

CP violation was discovered in KL decays in 1964, much before the Standard Model was proposed. This was a big mystery.

Since then, there have been a great deal of progress in the elementary particle physics, which leads us to gauge interactions and three generations of quarks and leptons. Then, Kobayashi-Maskawa mechanism, proposed in 1972, has become a prime candidate for the theory of the CP violation.


In 2001, a large CP violation in the B sector was found at two B factories at KEK and SLAC. New discoveries in B decays have followed, such as a direct CP violation, b -> sll, and b->d

LHC will start running next year to explore TeV scale physics. Focus of flavor physics is also shifting to search for New Physics effects.

There are a variety of ways to explore New Physics in K, Bd/Bu, Bs, D physics. Important information has been already obtained.


Vus and CKM unitarity in the first row

Significant improvements in Kaon semi-leptonic decays has been made at BNL, KTeV,CERN-NA48, KLOE, and ISTRA+ in recent years.

The CKM unitarity is now satisfied with ~1.

A proposal of Vus from decay

Vud from neutron life-time and A-asymmetry.

Nucleardecay B decay K decay


Unitarity triangle

mBd, mBs/mBd,

b->u transition

B(B->)/B(B->K*)

B(K0->0)B(K+ -> +)

K

CP asymmetries in bccs modes.CP asymmetries in BCP asymmetriesin BDK, etc.()/(2): CP asymmetry in BD, etc

Angle determination

Various observable quantities in K and B physics constrain the anglesand lengths of the unitarity triangle.


The unitarity triangle: a year ago

Already many observablequantities are over-constrainingthe unitarity triangle.


Is this enough?Not, to study New Physics effects.In order to disentangle new physicseffects, we should first determine CKMparameters by “tree-level” processes.

Fit from tree level processes

We know (or constrain) which sector is affected by new physics.Improvement of is essential.

|Vub|,

Bd mixing and CP asymmetries

eK and B(K)

Bs mixing and CP asymmetries

+

+

+

Pre-ICHEP 06


CP asymmetry in penguin-dominated processesSummer 2005

“sin “ is the same in the SM Summer 2006 update => M.Hazumi’s talk

Time-dependent CP asymmetry(Dominant decay diagrams)B->J/Ks

“tree”

B->Ks

New phase (ex SUSY)“penguin”


Recent theoretical calculations on S= sin(21eff)-sin(21) There are efforts to calculate difference of CP asymmetries b

etween penguin-dominated modes and tree-dominated mode in different methods (QCD factorization, Final-state interaction, Soft Collinear Effective Theory).

Differences are estimated so far within a few % for B toKs and ’Ks modes in the Standard Model.

S(0Ks)

S(’Ks

S(Ks)

SCETWilliamson-Zupan

QCDFBuchalla-Hiller-Nir-Raz

QCDFBeneke

QCDF+FSICheng-Chua-Soni


Rare B decays There are many rare decay processes sensitive to new physics effects. Electroweak penguin processes offer several theoretical clean observables.

Inclusive and exclusive b->s Inclusive and exclusive b->dInclusive and exclusive b->sll

1. Direct CP violation in b->sd2. Mixing-induced CP asymmetry in B->K*Ks0

3. Lepton forward-backward asymmetryin b ->sll.

(New phase)

(Right-handed photon operator)


B

K*

l+

l-

Many recent theoretical developments are reported.

• Status of NNLLQCD correction to b->sg, b->sll. (T.Hurth)• Inclusive b->ul, b->sB->VV in SCET. (T.Feldmann)• B->K in SCET.(S.Jaeger) • Correction to mixing-induced CP violation in B->K*, Ks0. Naively the asymmetry is suppressed by ms/mb (a few %), but there are corrections at 10 % level in the SM. (B.Grinstein and D.Pirjol)• Forward Backward Asymmetry in B->K*l+l- QCDF calculation (M.Beneke,T.Feldmann,and D.Seidel) SCET calculation (A.Ali,G.Kramer and G.Zhu)

A.Ali,G.Kramer and G.Zhu


Tauonic B decayThe Belle result of the B branching ratio.

This is sensitive to the charged Higgs boson exchange diagram in 2 Higgs doublet model as well as SUSY models. New contributions are important for the large tan case

H-b

u

Charged Higgs exchange contribution depends on

=> R.Barlow’s talk

b

u

W

439.056.046.049.0 10)79.1()(BF

B (Preliminary)


B(b->) vs. B(b->c) and B(B->D) Related modes are inclusive and exclusive proces

ses on b->c . Inclusive B(b->c) was measured at LEP

Y.Grossman, H.Haber and Y.Nir 1995

B(B->)

B(B->D)/B(B->D)

Two-fold ambiguity is not resolved by the Inclusive mode. Exclusive modes are necessary. H.Itoh,N.Gaur, Y.O

LEP

Belle ICHEP06Constraint on “r” in 2HDM.B(b->c)/B(b->ce)


Comparison with the charged Higgs boson production at LHC

•The parameter region coveredby B decays and the charged Higgs production overlaps.•If both experiments find positive effects, we can perform Universality Test of the charged Higgs couplings.

B-> H-b-u coupling B->D H-b-c couplinggb->tH: H-b-t coupling

K.A.Assamagan, Y.Coadou, A.Deandrea

Belle B->excluded region(95.5%CL)

Hb

t

t

g

SUSY loop vertex correction can break the universality.

K.A.Assamagan, Y.Coadou, A.Deandrea


Bs physics

This is a year of the Bs mixing.

Bs is quite different from Bd Large mass difference: (ms/md~40) Sizable life-time difference: s/s ~0(10%) Almost no CP phase in the Bs mixing amplitude in the SM.

Y.Grossman,Y.Nir,and G.Raz

If new physics effects induce a CP phase inthe Bs mixing amplitude:

Large time-dep CP asymmetry in B->J/(S)<SM) Correlation between semi-leptonic asymmetry (ASL) and S.

Z.Ligeti,M.Papucci, and G.PerezS

ASL


Bs mixing and New Physics: SUSY

•Supersymmetry introduces squarks and sleptons. •Squark mass matrixes can carry information on SUSY breaking mechanism and GUT scale interactions.•Quark flavor changing neutral current processes are sensitive to the off-diagonal elements of the squark mass matrix.


SUSY GUT and Bs mixing

SM

T.Goto,Y.O.Y.Shimizu,Y.Shindou,and M.Tanaka,2003

B() vs. ms/md in SUSY GUT

B.Dutta and Y.Mimura, hep-ph/0607147

SUSY GUT + Seesaw neutrino


Bs mixing and New Physics: Little Higgs model

•Little Higgs model : a model with a composite Higgs boson.

•New particles (heavy gauge bosons, a heavy top partner) are introduced to cancel the quadratic divergence of the Higgs mass at one loop level. •The mass of these particles are around 1 TeV if the model is extended with “T parity”.

•The lightest T-odd particle is a dark mattercandidate.

~10 TeV, new strong dynamics

~ 1TeV

WH, ZH, ij, uH,dH

AH

T+,T-

~200 GeV

A Higgs boson and SM particles

Particle content of the littlestHiggs model with T parity.

N.Arkani-Hamed,A.G.Cohen, E.Katz,and A.E.Nelson,2002

C.H.Cheng and I.Low,2003


Flavor signals of T-odd fermionsT-odd SU(2) doublet mirror fermions

Three flavor mixing matrixesTwo are independent.

d

u

W

VCKM

u

qH

WH,ZH,AH

VHu

d

qH

WH,ZH,AH

VHd

A new flavor mixing matrix can generatevarious patterns of deviation from the SM.

M.Blanke,A.J.Buras,A.Poschenrieder,C.Tarantino,S.Uhlig,and A.Weiler

J.Hubisz,S.J.Lee, and G.Paz


Bsand SUSY SUSY loop corrections can enhance B

(Bs->) by a few orders of magnitude from the SM prediction for large values of tan .

Loop-induced neutral Higgs exchange effects

sb

The discovery regionof a neutral Higgs bosonthrough pp->b0->bat LHC and the discovery region of Bs-> atTevatron and LHC overlap.

C.Kao and Y.Wang


Future of Kaon phyiscs

New limit2.1X10-7

(KEK E391)based on1/10 of Run I data

K0->0

A.Ceccuci

M.Doroshenko K

L 　 KEK E391=> JPARC JPARC-P14

K CERN-SPSC-P-326 (a.k.a. NA48/3)

JPARC-P09 Transverse polarisation in K (T-Violation )

JPARC-P06 Other Initiatives:

DANAE (Frascati) OKA (Protvino)

65 signal, 9±3Bgds/year


B physics at LHC

LHCb 2fb-1 T.Ruf

ATLAS T.Sivoklokov

CMS U.Langenegger

Much improvements are expected for Bs physics and B->K* measurements, etc.


Super B factory

5/ab 50/ab

In many aspects asymmetric B factoriesare complementary toB physics in hadron machine (unique forneutrino and tau modes)

Super KEK LoI

Current Belle+BaBar integratedluminosity: L(now)~1/ab

5X L(now) 50X L(now)


Pattern of New Physics effects

SUSY

Large Extra Dimensionmodel

Different pattern of the deviations from the SM prediction.Correlation with other physics observables.

2003 SLAC WS Proceedings


Summary

B factory experiments continue to produce interesting results.

Measurement of the Bs mixing have added a new dimension to flavor physics.

All these developments are important to explore physics beyond the Standard Model from the aspects of quark flavor physics in the LHC era.

bashiry

b physics, cp violation and ckm (theory)

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