b1 explanations 6 - unece · zklfk fdq jxdudqwhh urdg looxplqdwlrq dqg vdihw\ qriox[ qr oxplqrxv...
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EXPLANATIONSto GRE-74-11
Reg. 112 - optional Class B1 headlampPoland
74 GRE 20-23 October 2015
Tomasz Targosinski Ph. D. Eng
Informal document(74th GRE, 20-23 October 2015,agenda item 10(b))Transmitted by the expert from Poland
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Descriptions of photometrical requirements for headlamps (Reg. 112) are based on
PARABOLOIDdesign
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DESIGN FACTORS
At the beginning of UN ECE Regulation system (1958) there were significant restrictions of design:
• PARABOLOID DESIGN ONLY• FIXED FLUX OF FILAMENT (450 lm)• SPECIAL AND PREDICTIVE LIGHT DISTRIBUTIONUniform, slightly divergent and finished by horizontal rays deflection of front lens
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FIXED DESIGN FACTORS INFLUENCING LIGHT DISTRIBUTION AND QUALITY OF ROAD ILLUMINATION
BESIDES TYPE APPROVAL REQUIREMENTS
LUMINOUS FLUX OF LIGHT SOURCE
FOCAL DISTANCE BETWEEN LIGHT SOURCE
AND REFLEECTOR
GEOMETRICAL SHAPE AND SIZE
OF FILAMENT
GEOMETRICAL SIZE OF HEADLAMP
USE OF „STANDARD” HEADLAMP (an effective diameter not less than 160 mm) AND „ETALON” BULB
Shield for CUT-OFF
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The Regulation originally described values forvertical screen co-ordinate system
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… recently converted to angular co-ordinate system (for measuring purpose only)
1
8
6 5 4
3 2
7 B50L
25R 50L 75L
50 50R 25L
Zone III
Zone I
Zone IV Zone II
v
v
h h h
1 deg
1 deg
BR
75R
Zone II is limited by line h-h, Zone I, Zone IV and vertical lines at 9 deg L and 9 deg R
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Relationship between screen and road illumination
Es = Er ·d2 /625Where:Es - equivalent screen illumination in [lx]Er - required road illumination in [lx]d - distance on the road in front of the vehicle in [m]
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FIXED DESIGN FACTORS
Significant simplifications included in the mathematical model
but not expressed the Regulation
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Finally the present photometric requirements are
SIGNIFICANTLY SIMPLIFIEDand
MATCHED TO PARABOLOID TECHNOLOGY
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TECHNICAL PROGRESSallow for much better shaping the beam pattern
but
PHOTOMETRIC REQUIREMENTS DO NOT SUFFICIENTLY REPRESENT*
ROAD ILLUMINATION QUALITY
* Especially for newest technology (LED, laser, matrix, pixel lighting, etc)
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LAST RESEARCH RESULTS:
Scholl M. “Free Fall of LED System Efficiency – Performance Evaluation of current LED Headlamps”, International Symposium on Automotive Lighting ISAL 2015, Darmstadt
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Efficiency for a reflector as a function of the focal length (40x40 reflectorsize equipped with a 1mm² LED light source) – [Scholl]
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Low beam pattern for a 60x60 reflector with different focal length – [Scholl]
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CLEAR EVIDENCE that for presented LED technology
increased flux output and headlamp efficiency will lead toimpaired performance
MOREOVERIncreased efficiency might be be motivation to
further reduction the light source flux and further impairment of the worst light distribution
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CONCLUSIONS
For all kind of headlamps there are important relationsbetween: • flux, • light source size and shape, • focal length, • reflector sizeFinally present screen-like requirements do not represent quality and performance of beam pattern appropriately.Flux emitted by headlamp is also not appropriatequality/safety criterion.
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PROPOSALPERFORMANCE FACTOR
which can guarantee road illumination and safety(no flux, no luminous intensity)
For passing beam performance representative factoris the vertical illumination at the road surface
in areas where the object important for safety are present.
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PROPOSAL
OPTIONAL Class B1 headlamp
Performance equivalent to road illumination quality provided by
contemporary halogen headlampsaccording CIE TC 4-45 standard
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HALOGEN HEADLAMPS MEASUREMENTS WHICH WERE THE BASE FOR TC4-45
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HALOGEN HEADLAMPS MEASUREMENTS WHICH WERE THE BASE FOR TC4-45
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Rer. No. 112 MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS - ROAD TRANSLATION
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ESSENCE OF PROPOSAL
There are proposed three values according CIE standard 1lx and 3lx for “range” and “width” and 10 lx for central and foreground area (for pair of headlamps values will multipy by 2).
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ADVANTAGES OF PROPOSAL
• No light source flux requirements• True performance based requirements• No technology discrimination• Optional. No obligation to follow
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LABORATORY MEASUREMENT
There is no need to describe values on the screenThey can be simply recalculated (mapped) for photogoniometric system whilst measurements will be done identically as till now.For measurements of the areas described above the random procedure may be used for reduction the quantity of measurements.Any equivalent measuring method may be used under condition to guarantee result as described.
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Tomasz Targosinski Ph. D. Eng
THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION