b1 to activate grammar sturctures taught in context ... student’s book teacher’s book test...
TRANSCRIPT
ISBN 978-1-4715-3808-7
It’s Gram
mar T
ime 3
Virg
inia E
vans - Jen
ny D
oo
ley
It’s Grammar Time is a series of four grammar books in fullcolour. Designed for learners of English at beginner tointermediate level, they systematically present, providepractice of and revise English grammar structures. Theseries can be used to supplement any main coursebook andis suitable both for self-study and classroom use.
Key Features• clear, simple situational presentation of grammar
structures through pictures and jokes
• attractive photographs and illustrations
• comprehensive theory boxes with examples
• a variety of graded exercises where students practisegrammar structures taught in context
• speaking and writing activities at the end of each unitaiming to activate grammar sturctures taught in context
• regular revision units
• further practice material
• regular Exploring Grammar sections
ComponentsStudent’s BookTeacher’s BookTest BookletTest Booklet CD-ROM
B1
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Contents
Starter Prepositions of place/movement/time – Quantifiers – Questionwords – Pronouns/Possessives –The verbs ‘to be’, ‘have got’, ‘can’ ... p. 4
Unit 1 Present simple vs Presentcontinuous – Adverbs of frequency –Stative verbs ................................. p. 16
Unit 2 Relatives ....................................... p. 22
Unit 3 Adjectives – Adverbs –Comparisons ................................. p. 26
Exploring Grammar i (Starter – Unit 3) p. 34
Revision (Starter – Unit 3) ...................... p. 35
Phrasal verbs i – Prepositions i ............. p. 36
Unit 4 Past simple vs Past continuous –used to/would .............................. p. 38
Unit 5 Subject/Object questions .............. p. 45
Exploring Grammar ii (Units 4-5) .......... p. 46
Revision (Units 1-5) ................................. p. 47
Phrasal verbs ii – Prepositions ii .......... p. 48
Unit 6 Present perfect – Present perfect vsPast simple – Present perfectcontinuous – Present perfect simplevs Present perfect continuous ....... p. 50
Unit 7 Clauses of result ........................... p. 59
Exploring Grammar iii (Units 6-7) ......... p. 60
Revision (Units 1-7) ................................. p. 61
Phrasal verbs iii – Prepositions iii ........ p. 62
Unit 8 Past perfect – Past perfectcontinuous – Past perfect vs Past perfect continuous ................ p. 64
Unit 9 The infinitive – The -ing form –Verbs with both -ing and infinitive– too - enough .............................. p. 70
Exploring Grammar iv (Units 8-9) ......... p. 78
Revision (Units 1-9) ................................. p. 79
Phrasal verbs iv – Prepositions iv ........ p. 80
Unit 10 Future tenses ................................ p. 82
Unit 11 Conditionals ................................. p. 86
Unit 12 Wishes .......................................... p. 92
Exploring Grammar v (Units 10-12) ..... p. 94
Revision (Units 1-12) ............................... p. 95
Phrasal verbs v – Prepositions v .......... p. 96
Unit 13 The passive ................................... p. 98
Unit 14 Reflexive – Emphatic pronouns ..... p.102
Unit 15 The causative ................................ p.104
Exploring Grammar vi (Units 13-15) .... p.106
Revision (Units 1-15) ............................... p.107
Phrasal verbs vi – Prepositions vi ........ p.108
Unit 16 Modal verbs .................................. p.110
Unit 17 Nouns/Plurals – Countable/Uncountable/Plural/Group Nouns... p.118
Unit 18 some/any/no/every & compounds .... p.122
Unit 19 a/an – the – one/ones .................... p.125
Exploring Grammar vii (Units 16-19) ... p.130
Revision (Units 1-19) ............................... p.131
Phrasal verbs vii – Prepositions vii ...... p.132
Unit 20 Reported speech............................ p.134
Unit 21 Clauses of purpose – Clauses of reason – Clauses of concession ...... p.142
Unit 22 Question tags ............................... p.146
Exploring Grammar viii (Units 20-22) .. p.148
Revision (Units 1-22) ............................... p.149
Phrasal verbs viii – Prepositions viii .... p.150
Further practice material
Revision of tenses ....................................... p.154
Multiple choice questions ........................... p.156
Sentence transformations ........................... p.158
Irregular verbs
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Past perfect
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8
Megan was sohappy last week.She had passedall her exams.
Past perfect Form
AFFIRMATIVEI/You/He/She/It/We/Theyhad left.
NEGATIVEI/You/He/She/It/We/They hadn’t left.
INTERROGATIVEHad I/you/he/she/it/we/theyleft?
SHORT ANSWERS
Yes, I/you/he/she/it/we/theyhad.No, I/you/he/she/it/we/theyhadn’t.
noun/personal pronoun + had + past participle
Look at the pictures on page 64 and the examples. Identify in which tense the verbs in bold are.How do we form the affirmative, interrogative and negative of this tense? Which of the uses ofthis tense does each verb show?
1
Complete column B using the past perfect. Then match column A to column B to form sentences.2
No, I hadn’t been to Parisbefore, but I had visited
Toulouse in the south of France.
Had you been to Parisbefore you visited yoursister there last month?
• We form the past perfect with ‘had’ and the pastparticiple of the main verb.Mike had studied Law before he became a news presenter.
• We form questions by putting ‘had’ before thesubject. Had Ellen cleaned the house?
• We form negations by putting not after ‘had’.She had not/hadn’t finished cooking.
• To form short answers we use Yes/No + subject +had/hadn’t. Had he spoken to the victim before? Yes,he had./No, he hadn’t.
Use
We use the past perfect for:• an action which happened before another past
action, or before a stated time in the past.They had booked the tickets a month before theywent to the concert.
• an action which finished in the past, and whoseresult was visible in the past. She was pleasedbecause the police had found her stolen car.
Note: The past perfect is the past equivalent of thepresent perfect.
Compare: He was angry because someone had brokenhis window. (The action had broken happened in thepast. The result was angry was visible in the past.)He is angry because someone has broken his window.(The action has broken has just finished. The result isangry is still visible in the present.)
a he had spoken (speak) on the phone to his boss.
b it ........................ (stop) raining.
c her friend ........................ (give) her concerttickets for her birthday.
d everyone ........................ (eat) their dinner.
e he .................. (forget) the way to the restaurant.
f we ........................ (already/open) our books.
Max checked his emails as soon as
Charlie asked for directions because
Becky was pleased because
When the professor entered the room,
By the time I arrived home,
I went to the shops after
1 a
2
3
4
5
6
Time words/phrases we use with the past perfect:before, after, already, just, for, since, till/until, when,by the time, never, etc.
A B
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8 Complete the sentences using the pastperfect.
1 After we had tidied (tidy) the house, wevacuumed the carpets.
2 .......................................................... (theshoplifter/run away) by the time the policeofficer arrived?
3 Mel ....................................... (not/do) thewashing-up before her guests arrived.
4 I realised someone ......................... (steal)my wallet when I got home.
5 Julie was hungry because she ...................(not/eat) breakfast.
3
Complete the sentences. Use the pastperfect and the words in bold.
1 she/miss/busAnnie was late for a meeting at work as she
had missed the bus.
2 she/lose/her mobile phoneShe couldn’t call her boss because ........................................................................ .
3 the meeting/already/startBy the time she arrived at her office, ....................................................................... .
4 she/interrupt/her project manager’spresentationAnnie felt embarrassed because ............................................................................. .
5 after/the meeting/finishShe apologised to her boss .................................................................................... .
4
Join the sentences using the words inbrackets.
1 Mr Peters opened his shop. Then, the firstcustomer came in. (just … when)
Mr Peters had just opened his shop when
the first customer came in.
2 We heard about the robbery. Then, itappeared in the newspapers. (already …by the time) ............................................................................................................
3 Ryan wrote several short stories. Then, hepublished his first novel. (before)
................................................................
................................................................
4 Sharon went to the library. Then, she calledme to pick her up. (after)
................................................................
................................................................
5 It started to rain. Then, I left college. (bythe time) .................................................................................................................
6 I had dinner. Then, Jason got home.(already … when) ...................................................................................................
6
Use after and the past perfect to make anew sentence.
1 I made lunch. I watched the news.
After I had made lunch, I watched the news.
2 Amanda packed her suitcase. She read atravel guide on India.................................................................................................................................
3 John parked his car. He called his friend.................................................................................................................................
4 Helen did her shopping. She went home.................................................................................................................................
5 Roger and Sue completed their project.They had a cup of coffee.................................................................................................................................
5
Speaking A fire destroyed the old library and the
mayor decided to rebuild it. Look at thepicture and the ideas given. Discuss inpairs what the builders had already doneand what they hadn’t done yet when themayor visited yesterday.
• build/walls • tile/roof • install/windows• hang up/sign • fit/door • fix/fence
A: The mayor saw that the builders had built
the walls.
B: Yes, but they hadn’t tiled the roof.
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Steve was tiredbecause he hadbeen working forhours.
Past perfect continuous Form
AFFIRMATIVEI/You/He/She/It/We/Theyhad been sleeping.
NEGATIVEI/You/He/She/It/We/They had not/hadn’t beensleeping.
INTERROGATIVEHad I/you/he/she/it/we/theybeen sleeping?
SHORT ANSWERS
Yes, I/you/he/she/it/we/theyhad.No, I/you/he/she/it/we/theyhadn’t.
Form: noun/personal pronoun + had been + verb -ing
Look at the pictures and the examples. Identify in which tense the verbs in bold are. How do weform the affirmative, interrogative and negative of this tense? Which of the uses of this tensedoes each verb show?
8
Match the two columns to create sentences.9
Use
We use the past perfect continuous:• to put emphasis on the duration of an action which
started and finished in the past before anotheraction or a stated time in the past, usually with forand since. They had been searching the forest forhours before they found their dog.
• for an action which lasted for some time in thepast, and whose result was visible in the past.She was tired because she had been decorating thehouse for hours.
Note: The past perfect continuous is the past equivalentof the present perfect continuous.
Compare: His clothes were dirty because he had beenworking in the garden for hours. (The action had beenworking happened in the past. The result were dirtywas visible in the past.)His clothes are dirty because he has been working in thegarden for hours. (The action has been working finishedin the present. The result are dirty is still visible in thepresent.)
a when the actor arrived.
b before you became a lawyer?
c so he needed a rest.
d before the waiter served us.
e before she found it.
They had been standing outside the theatre for three hours
She had been looking for proof for years
How long had you been studying
We had been sitting in the restaurant for an hour
He had been hiking all day
1 a
2
3
4
5
• We form the past perfect continuous with ‘had been’and the main verb with the -ing suffix. The police hadbeen questioning the suspect for hours before she confessed.
• We form negations by putting not after ‘had’. Shehad not/hadn’t been using her iPod for long when thescreen went blank.
• We form questions by putting ‘had’ before thesubject. Had you been shopping for hours?
• We form short answers for the past perfectcontinuous in the same way as for the past perfect.Had he been working on the project all night? Yes, hehad./No, he hadn’t.
Time words/phrases we use with the past perfectcontinuous: for, since, how long, before, until etc.
How long had you been standingin the queue before you finally
bought the ticket for the concert?
Well, I hadn’t beenwaiting for long, but
the tickets werenearly sold out.
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8 The pictures were taken yesterday. Look atthem and fill in the gaps with a verb fromthe list below in the past perfect continuous.
• play • style • lift • wait • sunbathe • revise
10 Form complete sentences. Use the pastperfect continuous and the relevant timeexpression.
1 Ben wanted a drink because he had been
walking for hours (walk/hours) in the hotsun.
2 .....................................................................(you/sleep/for long) when the smoke alarmwoke you up?
3 Shelley needed a break because she .................................................. (study/all day)at the library.
4 Our coach ................................................(talk to us/an hour) before the game finallystarted.
5 Brenda .......................................................(not/jog/a long time) in the park when shesaw a lost puppy crying behind a bush.
6 I ...............................................................(shop/9 o’clock) this morning before Ifinally found the perfect present for myfriend.
7 Alina ........................................................(garden/early in the morning) before shefinally had some rest.
12
Complete the dialogue using the pastperfect continuous.
13
Complete the sentences using the pastperfect continuous.
1 Sarah had a headache because she had
been studying (study) all morning.
2 Joe .................................. (work) as ascientist for ten years before he became ateacher.
3 They .................................. (not/drive) forlong when they stopped for lunch.
4 I ............................................... (practise)the piano for half an hour when my flatmatecame home.
5 ................................ (she/write) poetry fora long time before she published her book?
6 The new firefighters ..................................(train) all day, so they were exhausted.
11
1 Greg’s clothes were dirty.He had been playing rugbyall afternoon.
2 Emma was sunburnt. She....................................on the beach all day.
3 They were bored. They....................................in the queue for ages.
4 Tom’s shoulders hurt. He....................................weights at the gym all day.
5 Pam was tired. She....................................for 12 hours.
6 Moira’s hair looked lovely.She ................................it for hours.
A: Did you hear? The police found Dr Meyers’stolen Ferrari yesterday.
B: The local newspapers 1) had been reporting
(report) that story all week. I bet the policewere pleased to finally solve the case.
A: Yes, they 2) ................................. (search)for the thief all over town. They 3) …………….....................… (ask) questions all week, butnobody had seen anything.
B: How did they find the car then?A: Well, a police officer who 4) …....................…
…...........…… (walk) around the Whitechapelarea all morning saw Dr Meyers’ Ferrariparked in a woman’s garage!
B: Really? How long 5) …….................…………(he/look) for it?
A: Actually, he 6) ………........................………(not/work) on the case for long, only for twodays, but he had seen photos of the missingcar at the station. He recognised itimmediately and called the officer in charge.Now Dr Meyers has got his car back and thethief is under arrest.
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8 Past perfect vs Past perfect continuous
Underline the correct item.
1 Linda had already prepared/had alreadybeen preparing her presentation whenthey cancelled the meeting.
2 Tim was excited yesterday because he hadbeen booking/had booked a holiday toNew Zealand.
3 How long had you waited/had you beenwaiting when Suzanna finally arrived?
4 They had been planning/had planned thewedding for eight months before they gotmarried.
5 Marie had been cooking/had cooked forfive hours before the meal was ready.
6 By the time we got to the bus stop, thebus had been leaving/had left.
7 Maria was upset because her friend hadlost/had been losing her favourite CD.
8 Peter had been training/had trainedsince 8 o’clock this morning before hefinally decided to go home and rest.
14
Put the verbs in brackets into the pastperfect or the past perfect continuous.
1 I had just decided (just/decide) to callAnnie when she rang my mobile phone.
2 Emily was upset. Someone .......................................................... (steal) things from her locker at college for weeks.
3 After James .............................................(paint) the living room, he ordered a pizza.
4 The police ................................................(not/investigate) the murder for long whena man confessed to the crime.
5 Before the plumber fixed it, the pipe ................................................. (leak) for days.
6 I ..............................................................(finish) the cleaning before my flatmatecame home.
7 How long .................................................(you/use) your laptop before it broke?
8 Maria was disappointed with Monabecause she ............................................(not/respond) to her emails.
9 Sam ..........................................................(twist) his ankle and it was swollen.
10 The jumper looked lovely as she ................................................. (knit) it for months.
15
Fill in: for, since, how long, before, until orwhen.
1 Carl had been parking his car in the sameplace for years when somebody stole it.
2 We waited .............. the firefighters had putout the fire ............ we went back inside.
3 The girl had been missing ............... 11:30on Friday night, so her parents were veryanxious.
4 ............... had she been learning German............... she moved to Berlin?
5 Trevor had been a surgeon ............... 15years ............... he decided to changecareers.
6 I hadn’t spoken to Dave ............... hestarted his own business.
7 He wasn’t able to concentrate ...............everyone had stopped talking.
8 We had been watching TV ............... threehours ............... we finally decided to go tobed.
17
Put the verbs in brackets into the pastperfect or the past perfect continuous.
1 A: Why did Doug come home late lastnight?
B: He had been working (work) out of townall day.
2 A: The play was really good!
B: Yes, they .............................................(rehearse) it for three months before itopened.
3 A: Did you ever meet Simon Oliver?
B: No, he .................................. (already/move) to Canada by the time I started atSterling College.
4 A: How long ............................................(speak) to the receptionist before yourealised it was Denise?
B: For about two minutes.
5 A: Why did Mrs Dove call you?
B: She was worried because she ..............(not/see) her cat for days.
6 A: How is Laura?
B: She’s OK. She was upset yesterdaybecause she ............................... (fail)her driving test.
16
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8Past perfect vs Past perfect continuous
Complete the second sentence so that itmeans the same as the first. Use up tothree words.
1 Frank ate his breakfast before he left thehouse.
Frank didn’t leave the house until he had
eaten his breakfast.
2 After studying Physics for three years, Bethgot her degree.
Beth ............................................ Physicsfor three years before she got her degree.
3 The lecture started before we arrived at thecampus.
The lecture ..............................................by the time we arrived at the campus.
4 Kelly didn’t win a match until she had beenplaying tennis for eleven months.
Kelly had been playing tennis for elevenmonths .............................. won a match.
5 He confessed before the police arrived.
The police arrived ....................................confessed.
6 It was the first time Eric had tried hang-gliding.
Eric had ...................................................hang-gliding before.
20 Choose the correct item.
1 Lewis is tired because he ..... all day.A has drivenB is drivingC has been driving
2 ..... to Helen yesterday?A Have you spokenB Did you speakC Had you been speaking
3 I ..... a book when Robin knocked on the door.A have readB was readingC had read
4 After Alice got on the train, she realised she..... to buy a ticket.A had forgottenB had been forgettingC has forgotten
5 We ..... for our coffee yet.A didn’t payB haven’t been payingC haven’t paid
6 How long ..... before you sold your firstpicture?A had you been paintingB have you been paintingC had you painted
18
Put the verbs in brackets into the pastperfect or the past perfect continuous.
19
Officer Styles 1) had been patrolling (patrol) thestreets all day when someone called him to the sceneof an unusual crime. A man 2) .................................................(find) his neighbour, Mrs Payne, in his home! She3) .............................................. (pick) the lock on the backdoor and let herself in, but she 4) ..............................................(not/steal) anything. In fact, the man caught MrsPayne red-handed with a mop and bucket!“She 5) .......................................... (just/finish) cleaning thekitchen when I arrived,” said Officer Styles. “I’ve seen alot of strange things in my time, but I’ve never heardof anything like this before!” the police officer added.Apparently, Mrs Payne 6) .......................................... (breakinto) people’s houses for months to clean, tidy andeven do their ironing! The police explained to MrsPayne that what she 7) ................................................ (do) allthis time was wrong, but they didn’t arrest her becauseshe 8) ................................................... (not/take) anything.
Speaking Lucy’s class were on an educational trip to
Paris last week. Form sentences about whathad happened by the end of the first day.
The students were thrilled because they had
been looking forward to the trip for months.
• be thrilled/because they lookforward to the trip for months• travel/for 3 hours/before/reach
Paris• after unpack their suitcases/be
ready/go sightseeing• already buy a guidebook/so not
need get one• wait in the queue in front of Louvre for an
hour/before/enter the museum• not hungry/already eat• watch a film/for 2 hours/before/go to bed
Writing Imagine you are Lucy. Compete the blog
entry about your first day in Paris.
Hello bloggers!
Last week I went with my class to Paris ...
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To whom it may concern,I would like to report a crime that took place on the LondonUnderground last week. I had been sitting on the train forabout 10 minutes when an old man got on at Marble Arch. Ilet him sit down in my seat and I decided to stand by thedoor. The train suddenly stopped moving and a womanbumped into me. It wasn’t until we stopped again that Irealised someone had taken my mobile phone from mypocket! I wasn’t to see who did it, but I askedthe other passengers and one of them claimed to have seenthe woman reaching into my pocket when she bumpedagainst me. She had red hair, a blue coat and black boots. Ihope I’ve given you to find her andmy missing phone.Yours sincerely,Alex Sykes
fast enough
enough information
Dear Mr Sykes,Thank you for your email. At the moment, wehaven’t got to investigatethe crime. However, if you can tell us the timeand date of the incident, we can try looking atthe security tapes from the train. Most of thetime, the trains are to seeclearly, but we might be lucky!I look forward to hearing from you soon,Officer Rose(Metropolitan Police)
enough evidence
too crowded
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Exploring Grammar (Units 8 – 9)ivPast perfect – Past perfect continuous
Circle the verbs in the text which are in the past perfector the past perfect continuous. Which tense shows:
• An action that happened before another past action orbefore a stated time.
• The length of time of an action which started and finishedin the past before another past action or before a statedtime.
1
Put the verbs in brackets into the past simple, past perfector past perfect continuous.
1 I .................................. (not/watch) the news last night.
2 Chris felt frustrated because he ..................................(fix) the computer all day and it still wasn’t working.
3 .................................. (you/go) fishing last Saturday?
4 After they .................................. (eat) lunch, Sue andRobert went for a walk.
5 .................................. (she/visit) Edinburgh before sheapplied to go to university there?
6 Molly .................................. (not/study) French for along time before she took her first exam.
2
The infinitive/-ing form
a) Find and underline theinfinitive and -ing forms in thetext. Give reasons for their use.
b) Find an infinitive form thatrefers to the past. How are theother tenses of the infinitiveformed?
3
Read the sentences. Howdoes the meaning of the verbremember change?
1 I remember going to thetheatre for the first time.
2 Did you remember to booktickets for the show?
4
too-enough
a) Look at the highlightedsentences. Which are positivein meaning and which arenegative? Where do we placetoo and enough in asentence?
b) Fill in too or enough.
1 There aren’t .........................exam packs for all thestudents.
2 Rebecca is clever ....................to get a scholarship.
3 It’s ......................... wet towalk to town today.
4 The children are old......................... to watchthis film now.
5 Is there .........................pasta for everyone?
6 Eric is ......................... busyto come to the party tonight.
7 Our French teacher at collegespeaks ......................... fastfor us to understand.
8 Mrs Dale cooks well......................... to enter thecooking competition.
5
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Revision (Units 1 – 9) iv
1 Carl’s boss ..... the office by the time themeeting started.A had left B had been leavingC left
2 We had ..... fun at the fundraiser!A such a B so C such
3 This sauce is ..... salty to eat. A too B enough C so
4 Amy has decided ..... to Sweden.A moving B to move C move
5 Laura felt tired as she ..... for hours.A had been walkingB was walkingC has been walking
6 By the time Max ..... at the restaurant,everyone had finished the first course.A arrives B arrived C had arrived
7 We ..... at the stop for 20 minutes beforethe bus appeared.A had stood B have been standingC had been standing
8 James was happy because he ..... .A graduated B had graduatedC has graduated
9 Beth is thinking of ..... across Europe.A travel B having travelledC travelling
10 He appears ..... from flu at the moment.A to suffer B to be sufferingC to have suffered
11 Maria let me ..... her new Jaguar.A drive B to drive C driving
12 They stopped ..... a snack and rest.A having B to have hadC to have
13 I regret ..... him my secret.A to tell B telling C tell
14 Tony ..... me the keys to his flat so that Ican feed his cat while he’s away.A has given B has been givingC had given
15 She ..... judo for seven years.A does B has been doingC is doing
Choose the correct item.1
A According to statistics, the 1) safer/safestplace to live 2) ............................ the UK isWokingham, a town 3) which/where is 50 kmfrom London. There are 35,000 people in thetown, but in 2013 only about 1,000 crimes4) ......................... (take place). Wokinghamresident, Mary Lewis, says, “I lived in Londonfor 15 years 5) before/after I came here andthe crime rate there was very high. But6) until/since I moved to Wokingham in2010, I 7) ....................... (not/hear) about asingle burglary!”
B On the other hand, 1) ............... (dangerous)place in Britain appears 2) ................... (be)Stratford’s Westfield Shopping Centre! About200 crimes are believed to have beencommitted 3) any/every month in 2012, butit’s still not 4) too risky/risky enough to stopover 3 million shoppers 5) ....................(visit) each month!
Fill in the correct form of the word in brackets,choose the correct word or fill in the gaps.
Grammar in Focus
16 We ..... in Hastings when we were younger.A have lived B would live C used to live
17 Ron was shopping when he ..... into an oldfriend from school.A had run B run C ran
18 Katie was ironing while I ..... the floor.A was mopping B has been moppingC had been mopping
19 Pat, ..... lives next door, is a friend of ours.A who B which C that
20 These days more and more people ..... inrestaurants.A have eaten B are eating C eat
21 Cate Blanchett ..... the role of Galadriel inThe Hobbit.A has played B is playing C plays
22 Chris is ..... the best employer.A far B by far C much
23 My flatmate is three years ..... than me.A older B elder C old
24 There is ..... milk in my tea; I can’t drink it.A too many B too much C a lot
25 Why is Ian sitting ..... the corner on his own?A on B at C in
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Phrasal Verbs
give sb away = betray sb The robber
gave his accomplice away to the
police.
give sth away = 1) reveal sth He
gave away their hiding place.
2) give sth free of charge: The perfume
shop gives away free samples on
Saturdays.
give back = return I gave Michael
back his CD yesterday.
give off = emit (a smell, gas, etc)That scented candle gives off a
strong smell.
give out = become used up/run outMy mobile phone battery gave outafter I had been talking to Mel.
give up = 1) abandon a habit He
gave up eating chocolate when he
started his diet.
2) stop doing sth She couldn’t fix the
laptop,so she gave up.
give oneself up = surrender The
shoplifter gave herself up to the police.
hold back = control (oneself, crowds,etc) She was so upset that she
couldn’t hold back her tears.
hold on = wait (esp. on the phone)Please hold on a minute; there’s
someone on the other line.
hold up = 1) delay Sorry I’m late; I
was held up in traffic.
2) rob a place (using a weapon) The
robber held up the jewellery store
and took £25,000.
Fill in the correct particle.
• off • back • up • out • away
1 Evan gave ......... coffee and now he drinks milk in themorning instead.
2 Those freshly-baked cookies are giving ......... awonderful smell.
3 Can you give my textbook ......... by Wednesday?
4 The robber refused to give his partner ......... .
5 Tom used his games console so much that it gave .........after a year and he had to buy a new one.
6 The thief had nowhere to hide, so he gave himself .........to the police officers.
7 The supermarket are giving ......... a free shopping bagwhen you spend over £20.
8 Ellen gave ......... the end of the film, so I didn’t bother towatch it.
9 I know it’s a difficult problem, but don’t give ......... !
1
Fill in the correct particle.
• on • back • up
1 Two men held .......... the bank last Friday.
2 The security guards struggled to hold .......... the crowdsof fans at the concert.
3 Please hold .......... while I connect you to Dr Phillips.
4 Amy was held .......... at the supermarket; there was ahuge queue.
2
iv
The police officer is trying
to hold back the two men.
Match thephrasal verbsto the picturesand writea sentencedescribing thepictures.
3
....................................
....................................
....................................
............................................................................................................
....................................
....................................
a
c d
b
e
give oneself up
hold up
give sth away
hold back
give off
1
2
3
4 a
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Hhappen to sb/sth (v)head for (= go towards) (v)hear about (= be told) (v)
hear from (= receive a letter) (v)hear of sb/sth (= know that sb/sth
exists) (v)
hope for sth (v)(no) hope of (n)hopeless at sth (adj)
Iimpatient with (adj)impressed by/with sb/sth (adj)increase in (n)
insist on (v)interested in sth (adj)introduce sb to sb (v)
invitation to (n)invite sb to (v)
J jealous of sb/sth (adj)
K keen on sth (adj) (be) kind to sb (BUT (be) kind ofsb to do sth) (adj)
know of/about (v)
L laugh at sb (= mock) (v)laugh at sth (v)
listen to sb/sth (v)live on (money/food) (v)
look at sb/sth (v)
Prepositions
Choose the correct preposition.
1 Have you heard for/from/of Penny sinceshe moved to Canada?
2 What happened with/to/of Eric? Has hebroken his leg?
3 It’s getting cold; let’s head to/in/for home.
4 Julie is hoping on/for/about a pay rise thisyear.
5 There’s no hope about/for/of us going on apicnic today; it’s raining outside.
6 I’ve never heard for/of/by this band before.
7 Tony is interested with/in/at joining thebasketball team.
8 I heard about/of/for your engagement;congratulations!
1
Fill in the correct preposition.
• at • to • with • of • on
1 I’m not keen .......... football, but I loveplaying rugby.
2 Do you know .......... any good restaurantsin York?
3 I always listen .......... my flatmate’s advice.
4 My friends laugh .......... my mobile phonebecause it’s so old.
5 Our neighbours are very kind .......... us; theylook after our dog when we’re on holiday.
6 Grizzly bears live .......... fish in the summer.
7 Look .......... the newspaper; there’s apicture of Emily on the front page.
8 Michael has always been a little jealous.......... his brother’s success.
2
81
iv
Word Formation
Fill in the blanks with the correct form of theword in brackets. Which are person nouns?Which are abstract nouns?
1 Rachel’s husband is a news ...................on Channel 4. (PRESENT)
2 It’s difficult to find a good .........................nowadays. (BABYSIT)
3 The judge sent the ................... to jail forseven years. (CRIME)
4 He got a fine for ................... on OakAvenue in his new car. (SPEED)
5 Learning to solve problems is an importantpart of a child’s ................... . (EDUCATE)
6 Fortunately, the argument didn’t affect Lucyand Anna’s ............................ . (FRIEND)
7 Tina has an ................................ with thedentist at 11:00. (APPOINT)
8 Could you please give me some................................ on the sights inParis? (INFORM)
9 We were amazed at the businessman’s...................................... when he donated£100,000 to charity. (GENEROUS)
10 She’s a talented ………..............….; themusic she writes is beautiful. (COMPOSE)
11 Luke works as a ........................ in thecentre of London (BANK)
12 The most important qualities in a friendshipare ........................ and loyalty. (HONEST)
13 Steven Spielberg is a famous film........................ who has won 3 Oscars.(DIRECT)
14 You must submit your ........................ byMonday. (APPLY)
3
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