���

Power and productivity for a better world™Singapore, Sept 22-23.9.2008

Enhanced protectionfunctionality with IEC 61850 and GOOSE

Antti Hakala-Ranta

©A

BB

Ltd

.’-P

age

2

���

Introduction

� Background for IEC 61850� Goals and key thoughts of IEC 61850

� Modeling of information and services� New type of communication services

� Horizontal communication - GOOSE� Sampled measured values - SMV

� Engineering support� System integration

� Application examples� Future outlook

©A

BB

Ltd

.’-P

age

3

���

Background – why IEC 61850

� Global markets� DA users (Utility, industries) becoming more and more international ->

global standards needed

� Flexible communication structures� Communication systems must be capable of fulfilling world-wide

requirements� Rapid changes in communication state-of-the-art technology, but long

life cycles of communication standards

� Increasing economical and operational demands on utility companies� Modern substation systems produce lots of data

� Data need to be converted into information

� Communication networks provide access from anywhere

� Communication in substations has to support:� Guaranteed and fast real time system responses� High resistance against harsh environmental conditions

©A

BB

Ltd

.’-P

age

4

���

History� Standards/de facto standards for substation automation

communication� IEC60870-5-103

� Master slave serial protocol, SA semantics defined!, no controls (only with spec. extension), no horizontal communication, too restricted to give easy interoperability

� Used in Europe and some far east countries� UCA2.0

� Predecessor of IEC61850 by US vendors & utilities (an EPRI project)� Modeling & semantic ideas, horizontal communication� Never really accepted by customers, due to a lot of promises given but…� Officially and publicly to be replaced by IEC61850

� Modbus� Well known but: no information semantics (signal engineering), no events,

no time-synch� Used world-wide, especially in US� Master slave serial, also variant running over TCP

� DNP3.0…� …and many other proprietary ones

©A

BB

Ltd

.’-P

age

5

���

How and what?

� An IEC project group of about 60 members from different countries worked in three IEC working groups from 1995

� Objectives:� A single protocol for complete substation considering modeling of

different data required for substation� Definition of basic services required to transfer data so that the entire

mapping to communication protocol can be made future proof� Promotion of high interoperability between systems from different

vendors� A common method/format for storing complete configuration data� Define complete testing required for the equipments which confirms to

the standard

� 1st parts of IEC 61850 standard were published 2004� Now, 2008, widely accepted and in use, both by utilities and industries

©A

BB

Ltd

.’-P

age

6

���

Background – What is IEC 61850?

� IEC 61850 is a global standard for“Communication Networks and Systems in Substations”

� „How to make different devices AND tools from different vendors work together (=interoperability)“

DO YOU UNDERSTAND

ME?

YES, WE DO!

©A

BB

Ltd

.’-P

age

7

���

Application area of IEC 61850

� Electrical substations, also in industrial plantsto NCC / DCS

Bay Level

Process Level

Station Level

Station or interbaybus (LAN)

Process bus (LAN)

HMI

Stationcomputer

Stationgateway

Control Protection Protection& Control

Control Protection

Process Interface Process Interface Process Interface

Engineeringstation

©A

BB

Ltd

.’-P

age

8

���

� It specifies an expandable data model and services for substation automation

� It does not specify protection or control functionality, but it specifies how they will expose their information

� It supports free allocation of functions to devices� It is open for different system philosophies

� It defines a description language for substation automation systems� This facilitates efficient device integration� It supports comprehensive consistent system definition and

engineering� This makes not only the devices, but also their tools & systems

interoperable� It uses Ethernet and TCP/IP for communication

� Provides the broad range of features of mainstream communication

� High performance� It is open for future new communication concepts

Goals and key thoughts of IEC 61850

©A

BB

Ltd

.’-P

age

9

���

Part 6Substation Configuration Language (SCL)

Communication model (Data model and Services) Part 7

Communication requirements Part 5

System and Project management Part 4

Glossary Part 2

Introduction and overview Part 1

General requirements Part 3

Part 10Conformance testing

Impact on tenders and

product mgmt.

Impact on engineering

Impacts not only on communication !

Part 9

Process bus

Part 9-1 : Mapping to point-to-point connections

part 9-2 : Mapping for bus connections

Part 8

Part 8-1 : Mapping for MMS-TCP/IP-Ethernet

Part 8-x : for Future Use Station bus

Structure of the IEC 61850 standardD

irect impact

implem

entation

©A

BB

Ltd

.’-P

age

10

���

ApplicationDomain

Substation

Application• Objects•Services

Mapping

7654321

ISO/OSIseven layer stack

CommunicationTechnology

Approach ofIEC61850

Abstract Interface

Stack Interface

Slow

Fast

Adaptation per selected stack

Long-term definitionSafe-guarding investments

Stack selectionfollowing state-of-artCommunication technology

Concept 1: Split of application and communication

The data model is mapped unambiguously to an existing stack

MMS*

TCP/IP

Ethernet

*) Manufacturing Message Specification

Future Proof Design Aspects - Independence of actual technology

©A

BB

Ltd

.’-P

age

11

���

Concept 2: Take care of the engineering

Additionally to the communication – make the tools interoperable

Making it possible to efficiently manage the configuration data in a system even if the products are from different vendors

� Substation Configuration Language (SCL) allows describing in a standardised way � IEDs, their configuration and their functional and communication capabilities� Concrete communication structure of a SA system� Allocation of devices to the substation primary equipment.

� These descriptions can be exchanged between engineering tools ofdifferent manufacturers

� Common approach to system engineering without the need of time consuming, error prone human conversion of engineering data

©A

BB

Ltd

.’-P

age

12

���

IEC 61850 – Data Model, logical nodes

������

� �������� �� �

����� ��� ��������� ���

��� ��� ������������� ������ �

� ��������� ��!

�"#$%��� ���� "���#�� ����&�$�' �%( ����� �

#�#$%��� #��� #�� ����&�$�' �%( ����� �

�)#�*��� ' ����������+� ������� ���

����� ��� �� �� ��������

�����%�� �� �� ���� ��������

�� � �,�� ��� ��' ��� ' �

$���� �

� ����������

$�$��� ��� ������+��' �

�������-��$��.����� �.#��.�/��

©A

BB

Ltd

.’-P

age

13

���

Example: Modbus and IEC 61850

Modbus

IEC 61850

Position QA1 DA:12, 1x2347, latch reset 0x2454

Trip Ovecurrent. DA:12, 1x1827, CD bit 1x1828

Frequency DA: 12, 4x0488

Close CB DA: 12, select 0x4096, close 0x4098

Position QA1 E1Q1KA1.Ctrl/QA1CSWI1.Pos.stVal

Trip Overcurrent. E1Q1FA1.Prot/PHPTOC1.Op.general

Frequency E1Q1KA1.Ctrl/MMXU1.Hz.mag.f

Close CB E1Q1KA1.Ctrl/QA1CSWI1.Pos.ctVal

Voltage Level Bay IED Log. Device Log. Node Data/Attribute

©A

BB

Ltd

.’-P

age

14

���

� read a value / attribute� write configuration attributes� control a device (direct operate / select before operate)� event oriented communication with reporting� local storage of time-stamped events in a log� get directory information� file transfer for e.g.

� parameter and software download� upload from monitoring information like travel curves or history of gas

density values

� Transfer of generic object oriented system events(GOOSE)

� Transfer of sampled (analog) values (SV)

Data access and transfer (Services)

©A

BB

Ltd

.’-P

age

15

���

IEC 61850 - GOOSE

Switch

Control &Protection

Switch

NCC

Control &Protection

Control &Protection

Control &Protection

Control &Protection

Control &Protection

Control &Protection

Control &Protection

Control &Protection

Control &Protection

� Based on ”publisher/subscriber” model where any device can publish data and other subscribe it if needed

� User first decides in configuration what is needed to be published and those IEDs interested of that data subscribe to it

� Mission is real-time data transmission– IED to IED 100ms / 10ms / 3ms� Uses low-level Ethernet layer and priority tagging to get priority in network

and devices

� GOOSE – real time sharing of information between devices in a substation

©A

BB

Ltd

.’-P

age

16

���

IEC 61850 – GOOSE

� IEC 61850 GOOSE, What? � GOOSE = Generic Object Oriented Substation Event

� Generic = Any data

� Object Oriented = Data from IED 61850 data model

� Substation = Whole substation sees the data

� Event = Event based sending

� GOOSE is used for transmit data to peer devices in substation

� Can in principle transmit any kind of process data between IEDs

� Ethernet technology offers fast and reliable way to transmit thedata

� Similar kind of functionality ABB have in existing LON platform and it is already used for a decade successfully

©A

BB

Ltd

.’-P

age

17

���

IEC 61850 – GOOSE

� GOOSE, Why?� Reduce interpanel wiring with between IEDs� Performance – faster than IO wiring� Supervised connections

� Actions can taken in application if peer IED stops communication� Quality information is sent to peer IEDs with data for validation� More (virtual) I/O for IEDs, without hardware changes� Possibilities:

� Expandability � In IED retrofit cases minimised wiring changes� Chance to introduce new functionality

� Due to more IO capacity and higher performance� Flexibility

� Possibility to add easily functionality afterwards – no rewiring

©A

BB

Ltd

.’-P

age

18

���

Arc protection and GOOSE with REF615

1.

2.

3.

1.

2.

3.

Relay B

Relay A

GOOSE message

� Both relay A (incoming feeder) and relay B (outgoing feeder) are equipped with three arc sensors

� Relay B detects an arc in the busbar compartment via sensor 1 and sends a related GOOSE message to relay A� Conventional wiring: <37ms� With GOOSE: <23ms

� After receiving the GOOSE message relay A checks the current level and issues a trip command to breaker A

� -> GOOSE communication enables fast and station wide supervised arc protection schemes

©A

BB

Ltd

.’-P

age

19

���

IEC 61850 - Blocking based busbar protection

<40msStart delay with receiving relay + retarding time for the blocking signal *)

100msALL TOGETHER

<40msO/C protection start delay + output relay’s delay

20msSafety marginal, e.g. delay in operation due to CT saturation.

Delay setting with inst. O/C prot.(conventional approach)

*) if relays are of the same family: <10ms + 2 x relay’s ”task time”

©A

BB

Ltd

.’-P

age

20

���

<3msGOOSE delay (Class 1)

5msRetardation time of inst. O/C stage blocking

~70msALL TOGETHER

20msO/C protection start delay

40msSafety marginal, e.g. delay in operation due to CT saturation.

Delay setting with inst. O/C prot.(REF615 GOOSE approach)

X

X

PHLPTOC-start

block-PHIPTOC

Who is interested?

Yep, I am!I’ll block the

Inst. O/C

IEC 61850-8-1

With GOOSE better protection co-ordination -> more selective busbarprotection, faster fault clearing time

IEC 61850 - Blocking based busbar protection

©A

BB

Ltd

.’-P

age

21

���

Circuit Breaker failure scheme with GOOSE

X

X

Relay B

Relay A

GOOSE message

Activate Breakerfailure scheme

My Breaker is not opening!

OK, I hear you!I’ll open my Breaker

� Relay B (outgoing feeder) detects a fault, issues opening command to the breaker and starts the breaker failure

� The breaker in outgoing feeder fails to open and after a set time delay the breaker failure protection in Relay B sends out back-up command as a GOOSE message to Relay A

� After receiving the GOOSE message Relay A issues opening command to the incoming feeder breaker and the fault is cleared.

REF615

REF615

©A

BB

Ltd

.’-P

age

22

���

IEC 61850 - 1-of-N Blocking

X

X

Relay B

Relay A

Breaker Selected

� In this scheme a blocking signal is sent from selected feeder to other feeders

� No other controls allowed within Select timeout period

� Circuit Breaker control selection is sent by the publisher and in all subscriber IEDs this signal is connected to the blocking input of the control function block

� When control sequence is over subscriber IEDs get new value change which frees the control function block

User issues Select breaker Command before Operate from SCS

X

Relay C

LocalHMI

©A

BB

Ltd

.’-P

age

23

���

IEC 61850 - Busbar Earthing

X

X

Relay B

Relay A

� In this scheme a blocking signal is sent to breakers if the earthing switch is closed

� Circuit Breaker position is sent by the publisher and in all subscriber IEDs this signal is connected to the blocking input of the control function block to prevent closing of breakers

� This schema can be made also in opposite way where feeders breaker position can block closing of earthing switch

X

Relay C

Earthing switch Closed -indication

©A

BB

Ltd

.’-P

age

24

���

IEC 61850 – Disturbance Recording

X

X

Relay B

Relay A

� In this scheme a fault is detected in one feeder

� GOOSE can be used to trig the Disturbance Recording in other feeders

� Recordings are triggered almost parallel without delays

X

Relay C

Detected fault and Trip

©A

BB

Ltd

.’-P

age

25

���

IEC 61850 GOOSE – Performance issues

� Functionality without guaranteed performance?� GOOSE response time requirements from application to

application according the standard (IEC 61850-5) are:� Type 1 (fast messages)

� Type 1A (tripping)� Class P2/3: <3ms (P2/3 = transmission S/S)� Class P1: <10ms (P1 = distribution S/S)

� Type 1B (others)� Class P2/3: <20ms� Class P1: <100ms

� Following IEC 61850 standard means that relay-to-relay signalling is faster than with traditionally wiring� Reduced wiring with faster response times

� Challenge is to guarantee these in all circumstances

©A

BB

Ltd

.’-P

age

26

���

Sampled measured values – IEC 61850-9-2

� A method for transmitting sampled measurements from transducers

� Enables sharing of analogue I/O signals among IEDs

� Benefits are obvious in high-voltage transmission substations

� How about medium voltage switchgears?

CTs/VTs

IEC 61850-9-2Process bus

IEC 61850-8-1

Remote BIOs

SampledValues

IED IED

©A

BB

Ltd

.’-P

age

27

���

The approach: Mapping to communication stacks

Client Server Communication

Sampled Values

Data Model (Objects,Services)

Ethernet Link LayerEthernet Physical Layer with Priority tagging

Real timeCommunication

IP

TCP

MMS

Stack selection according to the state-of-the-artCommunication technology

Mapping

GOOSE*

SA specific data modelevolves slowly

Communication technologychanges quickly

Splitting of SA specificdata model fromcommunication technology

StackInterface

AbstractCommunicationServicesInterface (ACSI)

ISO/OSI – StackHierarchical set ofRules how information is coded for transmissionAccording to state-of-the art communication technology

Model according to state-of-the-art SA technology

* Generic Object Oriented Substation Event

©A

BB

Ltd

.’-P

age

28

���

IEC61850-6, Engineering with help of SCL

� IEC 61850-6 defines an XML based language to describe in a defined way� Capabilities of the devices (IEDs)� How devices are connected to the primary apparatuses� How devices exchange information

� This means and results� Different device and system tools can exhance information � Efficient, automated device integration� Facilitates centrally done system engineering of systems consisting

devices from different vendors� Support top-down engineering� “Data entry only once” – engineering information is preserved and can

be utilized in other product and tools

� Demo…

©A

BB

Ltd

.’-P

age

29

���

Future, updates, related work

� After original publishing� Power Quality - Amendment 2 for IEC 61850-7-4� IEC 61850, Amendment 1: miscellaneous corrections� Models for Hydro Power Plants, IEC 61850-7-410� Models and mappings for Wind Turbines, IEC 61400-25-x

� Upcoming� Ed.2 to be published during 2009

� Updates, clarifications� Models for Distributed Energy Resources (DER), IEC 61850-420 � Communication between substations, IEC 61850-90-1

� Related work� Communication between substation and control center, IEC 62445-2 (NP)� Information security for TC57 protocols: IEC 62351-5 (published)� IEC 62271-3, old 62010) High Voltage Switchgear and controlgear - digital

interfaces based on IEC 61850, apply 61850 for HV assemblies (published)� IEC 62439, high availability automation networks� UCA User’s Group International – for maintenance of the standard

� “feedback” to IEC

©A

BB

Ltd

.’-P

age

30

���

“The whole scope”

(Hydro) Power Plants

IEC 61850

*) security within TC57, ~5 parts

IEC

618

50

Distributed generation (DER)

IEC 62351 (*

©A

BB

Ltd

.’-P

age

31

���

Future with IEC 61850

� IEC 61850 facilitates a new way of building systems� Location transparency – i.e. functions can be freely allocated within the

system, due to the efficient communication

� Step 1: Simplifying signal wiring� Usage of GOOSE to replace interbay wiring� Usage of remote I/Os

� To share common IO in a substation� To extend IO capabilities of an IED

� Step 2: Simplifying measurement wiring and enhancing functionality� Sharing busbar voltages for all devices on a substation with Ethernet ->

more functionality for all bay level devices with same HW

� Step 3: Reallocating functionality -> centralizing � Easier maintenance, upgrades, less complicated hardware� Reliability, availability must in focus� …see next page…

©A

BB

Ltd

.’-P

age

32

���

Traditional

� Separate interbay signal, time synchronization, external signal wired …

GPS time source

DCS/NCC

IRIG-B

LocalSCS

Clock synch

Interlocking, shared voltage signals…

Monitoring, control, settingsStation bus (e.g. Modbus TCP)

External signals

External signals

©A

BB

Ltd

.’-P

age

33

���

IEC 61850, as today� Simplification of interpanel and external signals, by IEC 61850

GOOSE for sharing interpanel and external signals� SNTP time synchronization on station bus

GPS time source

DCS/NCC

Monitoring, control, settingsInterlocking, shared external signalsTime synchronizationStation bus IEC 61850

External signals

Electrical control system- SCS & GWLocal

HMI

©A

BB

Ltd

.’-P

age

34

���

IEC 61850 - possibilities� Simpler, more cost-efficient IEDs

� External and secondary IO as remote IO� All signals (including measurements) shared for all components –> less wiring

� Centralized handling of control, disturbance handling, fault records etc -> easier to maintain and extend

� Complicated applications like fault location, distance protection can be implemented using the power of centralized computer

Redundant looped 100Mbit/s Ethernet, IEC 61850-8-1/9-2

DCS/NCC

Station Computer

LocalHMI

External signals

©A

BB

Ltd

.’-P

age

35

���

IEC 61850 – extremely centralized� Simplistic IEDs per bay

� I/O interface and basic protection (OC, EF)-> lower complexity: cost-efficient, maintenance, standardization, availability…

� All other functionality centralized: distance, differential protection, handling of control, disturbance handling, fault records etc

-> easy to maintain and extend the system-> online upgrades without affecting the operation, added-value services…

Redundant looped 100Mbit/s Ethernet, IEC 61850-8-1/9-2

DCS/NCC

Station ComputerLocalHMI

External signals

WANWAN

Service provider for:- Maintenance- Fault analysis- Technical support

©A

BB

Ltd

.’-P

age

36

����� �� � ��� � � �� � � � � �� �� � � ��� � �� � � � ��� � � �

Summary - Advantages of IEC 61850

�� � � �� �� �� � � � � � � �� � � ���� � �� � �� � � �� � ����

� Better connectivity and interoperability between devices and systems from different vendors

� Cost savings on substation automation systems� Efficient device integration and system level

engineering� Simpler wiring

� Support for new type of applications� Standardized high performance

communication between bays� High performance process bus to connect

intelligent sensors reducing system costs� Future-proof applications

� Application configuration withstands changes on communication systems

� Standardized, controlled way to define extensions to the system

©A

BB

Ltd

.’-P

age

37

���

Newton Evans Survey 2008, future usage of IEC 61850

� International � 31% already use it � 58% to use IEC 61850 by

2010 � Only 9% no plans� 27% “maybe”

� North America � Less then 5% use it � Only 8% have plans to use

it 2010 � 52% have no plans yet � 39% maybe

International

North America

©A

BB

Ltd

.’-P

age

38

���