bab elektrik: suatu pengenalan
TRANSCRIPT
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BEE2922
INDUSTRIALINDUSTRIAL
INSTALLATIONINSTALLATION
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Syllabus
1. Electrical Power Supply (T) Institution of Electrical Engineers
(IEE)regulation Power Distribution
2. Main Switch Board-MSB (T) Power factor correction Switchgear and protective devices-
RCCB,ACB,VCB Over current protective devices-CT ratio,
TMS(time multiply setting) , relays Standby generator
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3. Sub-Switch Board-SSB (T) Feeder pillar Choose of cable size
Switchgear and protective devices-MCCB,ACB,fuses
Meters
4. Distribution Board-DB (T) Current carrying capacity Cable sizing Circuit breaker rating
Three phase and single phasesupply
Assessment
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5. Loads (T) Total Connected Load(TCL) Current carrying capacity Voltage drop Sensitivity Balanced three phase circuit Maximum demand Tariffs
6. Project (P) Configuration of tools and equipment Schematic drawing-assignment Conduit and trunks Installation and wiring
Cables - Armoured cable Inspection and Testing- Condition of equipment
and materials, continuity, insulation,termination, earth electrode
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LEARNING OUTCOMES
This subject introduces student to three phase wiring.The students will learn how to do electrical wiringinvolving three phase supply and also the safety
measures required.
The students should be able to:i. Differential between domestic and Industrial wiring
ii. Demonstrate the component and function ofdistribution board
iii. Explain the flow of distribution power system.
iv. Practice right installation and wiring technique.
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CHAPTER 1
ELECTRICAL POWER SUPPLY
IEEPOWER DISTRIBUTION
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IEE REGULATION
The 16th IEE regulation (Institution ofElectrical Engineers) currently isused in commenwealth countries
It must be follow as practically inorder to achieve/fulfill the safety andrule requirement
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ELECTRICAL REGULATION1994
The rule to describe how theactivities in generation, transmission,distribution, consuming, supervising,
handling, license, competent person,importing, manufacturing, upgrading,etc is applied
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COMPETENT PERSON
Pendawai Elektrik (Wireman), PW1 to PW6
Penjaga Jentera Elektrik (Chargeman), A0 to A4
Penyelia Elektrik (Electrical Supervisor)
Pencantum Kabel (Cable Jointer) Jurutera Elektrik Kompeten (Competent Engineer)
Jurutera Elektrik Perkhidmatan (Servising Engineer)
Jurutera Elektrik Kompeten Residen (Competent
Resident Electrical Engineer)
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POWER STATION
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ALTERNATOR
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Main intake substation
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POWER GENERATIONTNB 33kV/11kV
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11kV/433kV substation
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TRANSMISSION and DISTRIBUTION
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CHAPTER 2
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CHAPTER 2 :POWER DISTRIBUTION
TNBSUBSTATION
MAIN SWITCH BOARD
SUB SWITCH BOARD
DISTRIBUTIONBOARD
LOAD
11 kV
415V
415/240V
415/240V
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POWER DISTRIBUTION
MSB
(415V)
SSB415V
SSB415V
SSB)415V
STANDBY GENSET
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MSB
SSB SSB SSB SSB
DB DB DB DB
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INSIDE SUBSTATION
Ring Main Unit (RMU) /Ring Main Unit (RMU) /
Switchgear 11kVSwitchgear 11kV
Transformer (11/0.415kV)Transformer (11/0.415kV) MSBMSB
Feeder pillarFeeder pillarHigh voltage & low voltage cableHigh voltage & low voltage cable
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2.0:MAIN SWITCH BOARD(MSB)
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2.1 CAPACITOR BANK power factor
correction
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RESIDUAL CURRENT CIRCUITBREAKER (RCCB)
Automatic CircuitBreaker for currentleakage to earth
Current rating:40A and60/63A
Sensitivity of currentleaking :10mA, 30mA,
100mA, 300mA Three phase and single
phase type
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2.3 AIR CIRCUIT BREAKER
Current rating 600A and above
Add - Current
Transformer, relayand shunt trip coilfor operation
Current trip beadjusted
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2.3 CT, TMS, RELAY
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CURRENT TRANSFORMER(CT)
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2.4 STANDBY GENSET
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3.0SSB
3.1SWITCH GEAR PROTECTION
3.2 RCCB, ACB, VCB
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Type of protection
Over current (short circuit) overload
earth fault earth leakage lightning Overheating unbalance phase reverse phase sequence
3 0 SUB SWITCH BOARD (SSB)
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3.0 SUB SWITCH BOARD (SSB)
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EARTH FAULT RELAY
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MOULDED CASE CIRCUIT BREAKER(MCCB)
Function=MCB
For 60A and above usage
For three phase power supply Replace switch fuse and fuse switch
ON- after Short circuit and over
loading Easy to operate
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3 PHASE ELCB CONSTRUCTION
R Y B N
Perintang uji
Punatekan uji
Teras besi
( Gelung secondary )
PLBB Tiga Fasa
Elemen sensitif
Suis 4 kutub jenis link
BEBAN
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BALANCE CONDITION
R Y B N
BEBAN
20A 20A 20A
20A
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UNBALANCE CONDITION
R Y B N
bocor ke bumi
BEBAN
20A 20A 20A
10A
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3.2 FEEDER PILLAR
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CABLE CONSTRUCTION
conductor Aluminium/Copper
insulator Paper, PVC,XLPE
Lembar (strand) helaianpaling kecil
core himpunan helaian Perisai (armour)
perlindungan mekanikal Salut (sheath) kemasan
luaran Pengisi (filler) mengisi
ruang kosong Screen (thin copper foil)
stress uniformity Pengalas (bedding) alas
antara bahagian keras dgnbahagian lembut
PILCDSTAS CABLE(PAPER CABLE)
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VARIOUS TYPE OF CABLES
KABEL
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KABELPVC/SWA/PVC
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02/19/10 [email protected] 45
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3.3 CABLE SIZE vs CURRENT RATING
mm SQUAREmm SQUARE CURRENT (A)CURRENT (A)
11 13.513.5
1.51.5 17.517.5
2.52.5 2424
44 3232
66 4141
1010 5757
1616 7676
2525 101101
3535 125125
5050 1511517070 192192
9595 232232
120120 269269
150150 300300
3 4 METERS
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3.4 METERS
kWhour meter
CT meter
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4.0 DB
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CURRENT CARRYING CAPACITYFUSE/MCB (Amp)FUSE/MCB (Amp) CABLE SIZE (mmCABLE SIZE (mm)) MAX POWER(watt)MAX POWER(watt)
5/65/6 1.51.5 1000/12001000/1200
1515 2.52.5 1 x 13A s/s/o1 x 13A s/s/o
2020 2.52.5 2 x 13A s/s/o2 x 13A s/s/o
30 (gelang)30 (gelang) 2.52.5 10 x 13A s/s/o10 x 13A s/s/o
30 (jejari)30 (jejari) 4.04.0 6 X 13A s/s/o6 X 13A s/s/o
1515 2.52.5 1 x cooker 3 kW1 x cooker 3 kW
3030 4.04.0 1 x cooker 8 kW1 x cooker 8 kW
1515 4.04.0 1 x heater 1.5kW1 x heater 1.5kW
1515 4.04.0 1 x 1.5 HP air cond1 x 1.5 HP air cond
3030 6.06.0 1 x 2.5 HP air cond1 x 2.5 HP air cond
6363 16/2516/25 Kabel masuk utamaKabel masuk utama
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4.0:DB-SINGLE PHASE
CONTENT:
ISOLATOR (63A)
ELCB -4 pole
LIVE TERMINAL
NEUTRAL TERMINAL
EARTH TERMINAL
MCB
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CABLE SIZING
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CABLE SIZING
1.25 / 1.5 mm square (lamp/fan circuit)
2.5 mm square (socket 13A, radial) 4.0 mm square (socket 13A, ring)
6.0 mm square (socket 13A, ring)
10.0 mm square (main cable)
16.0 mm square (main cable)
25 mm square (main cable)
35 mm square (main cable)
50 mm square (main cable) 70 mm square( main cable)
MCB
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MCB
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Cable sizingsizesize No of core/No of core/
CoreCore
size(diametersize(diameter
))
LOadLOad voltagevoltage
ratingratingSize of cableSize of cable
(diameter)(diameter)
1.25 mm1.25 mm22 (7/0.53 mm)(7/0.53 mm) lamp circuitlamp circuit 300/500300/500
voltvolt2.5 mm2.5 mm
1.5 mm1.5 mm22 (3/0.737 mm)(3/0.737 mm) lamp circuit/lamp circuit/
heaterheater300/500300/500
voltvolt3.0 mm3.0 mm
2.5 mm2.5 mm22 (7/0.67 mm)(7/0.67 mm) PowerPower
circuit/watercircuit/waterheater 5kW-heater 5kW-
20A20A
400/750400/750
voltvolt
3.7 mm3.7 mm
4 mm4 mm22 (7/0.85 mm)(7/0.85 mm) water heaterwater heater
7kW- 30A7kW- 30A400/750400/750
voltvolt4.2 mm4.2 mm
INTERNAL MCB
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INTERNAL MCBCOMPONENT
MCB i t l d i
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MCB-internal design
Earth chamber & earth
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Earth chamber & earthelectrode
Earth chamber & earth electrode
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Earth chamber & earth electrode
EARTH RESISTANCE
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EARTH RESISTANCEMEASUREMENT
The grounding system is an essential element for theelectrical system security and it is required to:
Allow for protective devices activation when there is aninsulation fault.
Equalize the potential of conductive parts that can be
accessed simultaneously, with the potential in thesurrounding soil in order to prevent people from beingexposed to hazardous voltages.
Allow the lightning strike energy to be safely dissipated.
Reduce electromagnetic interferences.
02/19/10 [email protected] 61
h l d
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Earth electrode Standard Earth
Electrode 6 incheslength
Galvanised Iron (G.I)hollow pipe withdiameter 2 in
Wire mesh
Max resistance-fordomestic wiring=1 ohm
Max resistance-forlightning=10 ohm Down conductors
Air terminal
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5.1:total connected load
TCL is a total load ineach electricalequipment it is needsupply for project orinstallation
These equipment lamp, fan, powerpoint, lift, waterpump, and electrical
equipment Exp:
loadload raterate
1 x 18 W1 x 18 W 30W30W
1 x 36 W1 x 36 W 50W50W
Ceiling fanCeiling fan 65W65W
EmergencyEmergencylamplamp
20W20W
SocketSocketoutlet 13Aoutlet 13A
250 W250 W
SocketSocket 500 W500 W
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VOLTAGE DROP
IEE regulation- Voltage drop4% from voltage source
EXAMPLE :VOLTAGE SOURCE= 240V
MAXIMUM VOLTAGE DROP =240 X 4% = 9.6V
VOLTAGE SOURCE =415V
MAXIMUM VOLTAGE DROP=415 X 4% = 16.6V
CHAPTER 6: size of trunks
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CHAPTER 6: size of trunks
cable sizecable size Cable factorCable factor
1.5 mm1.5 mm 8.18.1
2.5 mm2.5 mm 11.411.4
4 mm4 mm 15.415.4
6 mm6 mm 22.922.9
10 mm10 mm 36.336.3
Trunks factor
Trunks size (mm)Trunks size (mm) factorfactor
50 x 3850 x 38 767767
50 x 5050 x 50 10371037
75 x 2575 x 25 738738
75 x 3875 x 38 11461146
75 x 5075 x 50 15551555
75 x 7575 x 75 23712371
100 x 25100 x 25 99.399.3
100 x 38100 x 38 15421542
100 x 50100 x 50 20912091
100 x 75100 x 75 31893189
100 x 100100 x 100 42524252
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example Calculate the size of trunks to carried the cable size as below:a. 12 x 1.5mmb. 16x2.5mm
c. 8 x 4mm
d. 4x6mm
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solution
define the cable factor:a. 12 x 1.5mm =12 x 8.1=97.2
b. 16x2.5mm=16 x 11.4=182.4
c. 8 x 4mm=8 x 15.4= 123.2
d. 4x6mm= 4 x 22.9= 91.6
494.4
Trunks size=75 x 25 mm
FLAXIBLE CONDUIT
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FLAXIBLE CONDUIT
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TYPE OF TRUNKING
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STARTING
4 cm
X
X
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TRUNKING -90
XX
X
20cm 5cm5cm
X
XX
X
X
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TRUNKING 45 -1
XX
X
X
45
2cm 2cm
20 cm
20cm
X X
X
X
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TRUNKING 45 -2
X
X
X
45
2cm 2cm
X
=28.5cm
X
X
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ENDING
5 cm
X
X
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CAP
5 cm 5 cm20 cm
X
X
X
X
X
90
2 cm2 cm
2 cm 2 cm
X
45-2
45-1
20 cm
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DOL
TO MOTOR
MCB 32 A
O/L
CONTACTOR
Inside DB (Three Phase)
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Inside DB (Three Phase)
MCCB(40A)
ELCB(40A)
CON(32A)
10A
20A
20A
32A
32A
TO DOL
TO SOCKET OUTLET
SPARE
SPARE
EN
INCOMING FROMISOLATOR
E/S
CABLESIZE:4mm
A1
A2
SPARE
RING CIRCUIT
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RING CIRCUIT
S/O 2S/O 1
S/O 3
MCB (20A)E N
Cable size:2.5mm
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OVERALL LAYOUT
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OVERALL LAYOUT
TRUNKING (2X2)
CONDUIT(3/4)
DB
DOL
S/O 1
S/O 3
S/O 2
E/S
45
45
90
90
12
77
9
9
10
1016
12
10
10
45
45
Practical FLOW WORK
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Practical FLOW WORK
START
CONDUIT-measurement, cutting,bending and threading
TRUNKING (body & cap)measurement, cutting,hole
Conduit fitting-clip
TRUNKING FITTING-screwing
WIRING
TESTING
TEORI
ASSESSMENT
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ASSESSMENT
Quizzes (5%)
Test (10%)
Practical (35%)