baba ambedkar aur islam[hindi book]

vkj- ,l- fo|kFkhZ ckck lkgc vecsMdj vkSj bLyke

ckck lkgc Mk- vEcsMdj

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2

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Hkwfedkbl iqfLrdk esa Hkjrh; 'kksf"kr] nfyr ,oa ihfM+r lekt dh

leL;k dk lek/kku çLrqr djus ds fy, ,d l'kDr] lkgfld];FkkFkZoknh ,oa vR;Ur O;kogkfjd n`f"Vdks.k viuk;k x;k gSA bldsys[kd ekuuh; Jh vkj- ,l- fo|kFkhZ th lu~ 1961 ls 1989 rdckS) /keZ ls lEc) jgs gSaA bUgksaus yxHkx nl o"kksaZ rd yxkrkjHkjrh; ckS) egklHkk fnYyh çns'k dh dk;Zdkfj.kh] mldh 'kk[kkvksa dsla;kstd] egklfpo ,oa v/;{k inksa dks lq'kksfHkr gh ugha fd;k ojubl vof/k esa ckck lkgc Mk0 vEcsMdj dh f'k{kkvksa dks lkdkj :iHkh çnku fd;kA ;g iqLrd Hkh ckck lkgc Mk0 vEcsMdj }kjkfu:fir ,oa fo/kkZfjr y{; dks çkIr djus esa fuf'pr :i ls lgk;dfl) gksxh] ,slh ge dkeuk djrs gSaA

vki dgha tk jgs gSa] bldk bruk egRo ugha ftruk bl ckr dk gS fdvki ogka D;ksa tk jgs gSa\ ckck lkgc us 1935 esa ;g dg dj fd gesa fgUnwugha jguk pkfg,A eSa fgUnw /keZ esa iSnk gqvk ;g esjs cl dh ckr ugha Fkhysfdu eSa fgUnw jgrs gq, ugha e:axk] ;g esjs cl dh ckr gSA* /kekZUrj.k dh?ks"k.kk dj nhA ysfdu /keZ ifjorZu D;ksa djuk gS\ ckck lkgc us ;g ckrvius vuq;kf;;ksa dks le>kuk cgqr gh vko';d le>k FkkA vr% 31 ebZ lu~1936 dks cEcbZ esa mUgksaus egkj@nfyr ifj"kn cqykbZ ftlesa gesa /kekZUrj D;ksadjuk gS\* dks mUgksaus foLrkj ls le>k;kA ckck lkgc us bl lHkk esa viukfyf[kr Hkk"k.k ejkBh Hkk"kk esa fn;k FkkA vknjuh; foey dhfrZ th us bldkfgUnh vuqokn çdkf'kr djok dj ckck lkgc ds fopkjksa dks tkuus esa fgUnhHkk"kh ikBdksa dh enn dj egku vuqdEik dh gSA

ckck lkgc }kjk fyf[kr rFkk vknj.kh; foey dhfrZ th }kjk vuqokfnrlu~ 1978 esa çdkf'kr iqLrd nfyr oxZ dks /kekZUrj dh vko';drk D;ksa gS\*dks vk/kkj ekudj ;g iqfLrdk fy[kh xbZ gSA vr% blesa tgka Hkh dsoyi`"B&la[;k nh xbZ gS og ml mijksDr iqLrd dh gSA gesa iq.kZ vk'kk gS fd ;giqfLrdk vkdkj esa NksVh gksus ds ckotwn nfyr oxZ dh ToyUr ewy leL;k dklek/kku çLrqr dj mldk lgh ,oa LFkk;h ekx&n'kZu djsxhA

çdk'kd

ckck lkgc Mk0 vEcsMdj vkSj bLykeewy :i ls i'kq vkSj euq"; esa ;gh fo'ks"k vUrj gS fd i'kq

vius fodkl dh ckr ugha lksp ldrk] euq"; lksp ldrk gS vkSjviuk fodkl dj ldrk gSA

fgUnw /keZ us nfyr oxZ dks i'kqvksa ls Hkh cnrj fLFkfr esa ig¡qpk fn;k gS];gh dkj.k gS fd og viuh fLFkfr ifjorZu ds fy, iwjh rjg dksf'k'k ugha djik jgk gS] gka] i'kqvksa dh rjg gh og vPNs pkjs dh [kkst esa rks yxk gSysfdu viuh ekufld X+kqykeh nwj djus ds vius egku mÌs'; dks xEHkhjrk lsugha ys jgk gSA

nfyrksa dh okLrfod leL;k D;k gS\ijEijkxr mPp oxZ }kjk nfyrksa ij csd+lwjh ,oa csjgeh ls fd, tk jgs

vR;kpkjksa dks dSls jksdk tk,] ;gh nfyrksa dh ewy leL;k gSAgt+kjksa o"kksaZ ls nfyr oxZ ij vR;kpkj gksrs vk, gSa] vkt Hkh cjkcj gks

jgs gSaA ;g vR;kkpkjksa dk flyflyk dSls 'kq: gqvk vkSj vkt rd Hkh ;svR;kpkj D;ksa ugha #ds gSa\ ;g ,d vge loky gSA

bfrgkl lk{kh gS fd bl ns'k ds ewy fuoklh æfoM+ tkfr ds yksx Fks tkscgqr gh lH; vkSj 'kkafr fç; FksA vkt ls yxHkx ikap ;k N% gt+kj o"kZ iwoZvk;Z yksx Hkkjr vk;s vkSj ;gka ds ewy fuoklh æfoM+ksa ij geys fd,A QyLo:ivk;Z vkSj æfoM+ nks laLÑfr;ksa esa Hkh"k.k ;q) gqvkA vk;Z yksx cgqr pkykd FksAvr% Ny ls] diV ls vkSj QwV dh uhfr ls æfoM+ksa dks gjkdj bl ns'k dsekfyd cu cSBsA

bl ;q) esa æfoMksa }kjk fuHkkbZ xbZ Hkwfedk dh n`f"V ls æfoM+ksa dks nksJsf.k;ksa esa ckaVk tk ldrk gSA çFke Js.kh esa os vkrs gSa ftUgksaus bl ;q) esacgknqjh ls yM+rs gq, vUr rd vk;ksZa ds nk¡r [kês fd;sA muls vk;Z yksx cgqr?kcjkrs FksA nwljh Js.kh os æfoM+ vkrs gSa tks bl ;q) esa vkjEHk ls gh rVLFkjgs ;k ;q) esa Hkkx ysus ds FksM+s ckn gh x+Sj&tkfucnkj gks x, vFkkZr~ yM+s ughaA

3 4vkj- ,l- fo|kFkhZ ckck lkgc vecsMdj vkSj bLyke


vk;ksZa us fot; çkIr dj ysus ds ckn ;q) esa Hkkx ysus okys vkSj u ysusokys nksuksa Js.kh ds æfoM+ksa dks 'kqæ ?kksf"kr dj fn;k vkSj mudk dke vk;ksaZ dhlsok djuk Hkh fuf'pr dj fn;kA dsoy bruk Q+d+Z fd;k fd ftu æfoM+ksa us;q) esa Hkkx ughas fy;k Fkk mUgsa vNwr 'kwæ ?kksf"kr dj 'kkfUr ls jgus fn;kAdksyh] ekyh] /kquk] tqykgs] dgkj] Mkse vkfn bl Js.kh esa vkrs gSaA ysfdu ftuæfoM+ksa us bl ;q) esa c<+&p<+ dj fgLlk fy;k vkSj blds lkFk gh mUgsa 'kwjohjrk dk ifjp; fn;k mu ek'kZy yksxksa dks vNwr&'kwæ ?kksf"kr dj fn;k vkSjblds lkFk gh mUgsa bruh cqjh rjg dqpy fn;k ftlls fd os yksx gt+kjksa lkyrd flj Hkh u mBk ldsA muds dkjksckj BIi dj fn,] mUgsa xkao ds ckgjclus ds fy, etcwj dj fn;k vkSj mUgsa bruk cscl dj fn;k fd mUgsa thforjgus ds fy, e`r dk ekal [kkuk iM+kA tkVo] Hkaxh] pekj] egkj] [kVhd ox+Sjgvkfn blh Js.kh ds yksx gSaA

fdUrq bl ek'kZy Js.kh ds yksxksa esa ls ,d cgqr cM+k oxZ ,slk cukftlus ;g r; dj fy;k fd Bhd gS ge ;q) esa gkj x, gSa ysfdu fQj Hkh gebu vk;ksaZ dh X+k+qykeh Lohdkj ugha djsaxaA os yksx ?kksj taxyksa esa fudy x, vkSjogha ij jgus yxsA ukxk] Hkhy] laFkky] tjk;q fiNM+h tkfr;ka vkfn taxyhtkfr;ka blh oxZ esa vkrh gSaA tks vkt Hkh vk;kZsa dh fdlh Hkh ljdkj dks fnyls Lohdkj ugha djrh gSa vkSj vkt Hkh Lora=rkiwoZd taxyksa esa gh jguk ilUndjrh gSaA

vk;Z laLÑfr dk gh nwljk uke fgUnw /keZ ;k fgUnw lekt gSA fgUnwvkt ckr rks 'kkafr dh djrs gSa ysfdu gt+kjksa o"kZ iwoZ gq, vk;Z&æfoM+ ;q)esa Ny ls gjk, x, æfoM+ laLÑfr ds çrhd egkjktk jko.k dk çfr o"kZiqryk tyk dj }s"k Hkkouk dk çn'kZu djrs gSaA vkt Hkh os 'kwæksa dks viuk'k=q vkSj X+kqqyke ekudj mUgsa ft+Unk tyk Mkyrs gSa] mudk d+Rys vke djrsgSa] muds lkFk rjg&rjg ds vo.kZuh; ykseg"kZd vR;kpkj djrs gSaA orZekuesa gq, dqN vR;kpkjksa ds mnkgr.k bl çdkj gSa&

eafnj esa ty p<+kus ds vkjksi esa

gfjtuksa dks xksyh ls mM+k fn;k

¼gekjs dk;kZy; laoknnkrk }kjk½ ubZ fnYyh 7]vxLrA e/;çns'k dsf'koiqjh ft+ys esa [ksjkokyh xkao esa f'ko eafnj esa ty p<+kus tk jgh rhugfjtuksa dks fnu ngkM+s xksyh ls mM+k fn;k x;kA rhu vU; ?kk;y gks x,] buesa,d x+Sj gfjtu FkkA ;g tjudkjh ;gka e/;çns'k ds HkwriwoZ Lok;Ùk 'kklu ea=ho vf[ky Hkjrh; dkaxzsl desVh bZ- ds lnL; Jh jktkjke flag us nhA mUgsacrk;k fd xksyh rks Mkdqvksa us ekjh ysfdu mUgsa xkao ds Bkdqjksa us cqyk;k FkkA?kVuk dk fooj.k nsrs gq, Jh jktkjke flag us crk;k fd Bkdqjksa us gfjtuksa dksigys gh /kedh nh Fkh fd mUgsa f'kokys esa ty ugha p<+kus fn;k tk,xkA gfjtuksaus bl /kedh dh fjiksVZ Fkkus esa fy[kokbZA iqfyl us /kkjk 107 ds vUrxZrekeyk rks ntZ dj fy;k ysfdu dksbZ çHkkoh d+ne ugha mBk;kA

Jh flag ds vuqlkj gfjtu 28 tqykbZ dks tc eFkqjk ft+ys ds lksjks?kkVls dkaoj esa ty ysdj xkao vk, vkSj f'koky; tkus yxs rks igys ls mifLFkrMkdqvksa ds ,d fxjksg us mu ij xksyh pykbZA blesa rhu gfjtu ekjs x, rFkkvusd ?k;y gq,A ;g ?kVuk fnu esa 3 vkSj 4 cts ds chp gqbZA ?kVuk ds cknMkdw fcuk fdlh ywVikV ds ykSV x,A vHkh rd dksbZ fxj¶+rkjh ugha gqbZA

¼fgUnqLrku nSfud] fnukad 8-8-1981½

gfjtu dks isM+ ij yVdk dj ekj fn;k¼lka/; VkbEl] fnukad 11-8-1981½ dks;Ecrwj ls 20 fd0 eh0 nwj

ekuiYyh xhao esa lo.kZ t+ehankjsa us 20 o"kZ ds gfjtu ;qod dks ukfj;y ds isM+ls yVdk fn;kA dbZ ?kaVs yVdus ds ckn ml ;qod dh e`R;q gks xbZA iqfyl dsvuqlkj ml ;qod ds lkFk nks gfjtu vkSjrksa dks Hkh ukfj;y ds isM+ ls Vkaxfn;k FkkA exj ;qod dh e`R;q ds ckn mUgsa NksM+ fn;k x;kA crk;k tkrk gS fdnks t+ehankj eksVj lkbfdy ij xkao ls dgha ckgj tk jgs FksA jkLrs esa mUgsa nksgfjtu ;qod vkSj nks ;qofr;ka fn[khaA mu t+ehankjksa dks jkLrk nsus ij >xM+k gksx;kA ,d gfjtu ;qod Hkkx [kM+k gqvkA 'ks"k rhuksa ;qod ;qofr;ksa dks ukfj;yds isM+ ls cka/k fn;k x;k] ftlls ;qod dh e`R;q gks xbZA

buds vfrfjDr jkst+kuk gh vR;kpkjksa dh [+kcjsa Nirh jgrh gSaA cyNh]dQyVk] fngqyh] lk<+wiqj vkfn esa gq, fny ngykus okys dk.M dHkh Hkqyk, ugha



tk ldrs gSaAns'k esa dksbZ ,slk {k.k ugha gksxk tcfd nfyr oxZ ij vR;kpkj ugha

gksrk gksxk] D;ksafd v[+kckj esa rks dqN gh [+kkl [+kcjsa Ni ikrh gSaA^^;s vR;kpkj ,d lekt ij nwljs leFkZ lekt }kjk gks jgs vU;k;

vkSj vR;kpkj dk ç'u gSA ,d euq"; ij gks jgs vU;k; ;k vR;kpkjksa dkç'u ugha gS] cfYd ,d oxZ }kjk nwljs oxZ ij t+cjnLrh ls fd;s tk jgsvfrØe.k vkSj tqYe] 'kks"ku rFkk mRihM+u dk ç'u gSA**

bl çdkj ;g ,d fujUrj ls pys vk jgs oxZ dyg dh leL;k gSAbu vR;kpkjksa dks dkSu djrk gS\ D;ksa djrk gS\ vkSj fdl fy, djrk

gS\ vR;kpkjh vR;kpkj djus esa lQy D;ksa gks jgk gS\ D;k ;s vR;kpkj jksdstk ldrs gSa\ vR;kpkjksa dk lgh vkSj dkjxj mik;] lk/ku ;k ekxZ D;k gksldrk gS\ ;s dqN ,sls ç'u gSa ftu ij nfyr oxZ dks vkt fQj ls lathnxh lsfopkj djuk pkfg,A

nfyr oxZ ij vR;kpkj fgUnw /keZ ds rFkdfFkr lo.kZ fgUnw djrs gSa vkSjos vR;kpkj blfy, ugha djrs fd nfyr yksx mu dk dqN fcxkM+ jgs gSa cfYdnfyrksa ij vR;kpkj djuk os viuk vf/kdkj eku cSBs gSa vkSj bl çdkj dkvf/kdkj mUgsa muds /keZ xzUFk Hkh nsrs gSaA

lo.kZ viuh ijEijkxr Js"Brk d+k;e j[kus ds fy, vR;kpkj djrk gSAtc nfyr oxZ ijEijkxr mPp oxZ ¼fgUnw½ ls O;ogkj djrs oD+r cjkcjh ds]lekurk ds fj'rs ls cjrko j[kus dk vkxzg djrk gS rc ;g oxZdyg mRiUugksrk gS] D;ksafd Åijh oxZ fupys oxZ ds bl çdkj ds O;ogkj dks viuhekugkfu ekurk gSA bl çdkj lo.kZ viuh ijEijkxr Js"Brk d+k;e j[kus dsfy, vR;kpkj djrk gSA lo.kZ vkSj nfyr oxZ ds chp ;g ,d jkst+kuk gksusokyk oxZdyg* gSA

fdl rjg ls bl oxZ dyg ls viuk cpko fd;k tk ldrk gSA bldkfopkj djuk vR;ko';d gSA bl oxZ dyg ls viuk cpko dSls gksxk\ blç'u dk fu.kZ; djuk eSa le>rk gw¡ esjs fy, dksbZ vlaHko ckr ugha gSA ;gkabdëk gq, vki lHkh yksxksa dks ,d gh ckr ekU; djuh iM+sxh vkSj og ;g fdfdlh Hkh dyg esa] la?k"kZ esa] ftuds gkFk esa lkeF;Z gksrh gS] mUgha ds gkFk esa

fot; gksrh gS] ftuesa lkeF;Z ugha gS mUgsa viuh fot; dh vis{kk j[kukfQ+t+wy gS A blfy, reke nfyr oxZ dks vc vius gkFk esa lkeF;Z vkSj'kfDr dks bdëk djuk cgqr t+:jh gSA i"B1-10

lkeF;Z vFkkZr cy D;k pht+ gksrh gS\euq"; lekt ds ikl rhu çdkj dk cy gksrk gSA ,d gS euq"; cy]

nwljk gS /ku cy] rhljk gS eukscyA bu rhuksa cyksa esa ls dkSu lk cy vkidsikl gS\ euq"; cy dh n`f"V ls vki vYi;a[;d gh ugha cfYd laxfBr Hkhugha gSaA fQj laxfBr ugha] bruk gh ugha] bdëk Hkh rks ugha jgrsA nfyr yksxxkao vkSj [ksM+ksa esa fc[kjs gq, gSa blh dkj.k ls tks euq"; cy gS Hkh mldk HkhT+;knrh xzLr] T+kqYe ls ihfM+r vNwr oxZ dh cLrh dks fdlh Hkh çdkj dkmi;ksx ugha gks ldrk gSA

/ku cy dh n`f"V ls ns[kk tk, rks vkids ikl FkksM+k cgqr tucy rks gSHkh ysfdu /ku cy rks dqN Hkh ugha gSA ljdkjh vkadM+ksa vuqlkj ns'k dh dqyvkcknh dh 55% tula[;kvkt Hkh x+jhch dh js[kk ls uhps dk thou fcrk jghgS ftldk 90% nfyr oxZ ds yksx gh gSaA

ekufld cy dh rks mlls Hkh cqjh gkyr gSA lSdM+ksa o"kksaZ ls fgUnqvksa}kjk gks jgs T+kqYe] fN&Fkw eqnksZa dh rjg cnkZ'r djus ds dkj.k çfrdkj djusdh vknr iwjh rjg ls u"V gks xbZ gSA vki yksxksa dk vkRe fo'okl] mRlkgvkSj egRodka{kh gksuk] bl psruk dk ewyksPNsn dj fn;k x;k gSA ge Hkh dqNdj ldrs gSa bl rjg dk fopkj gh fdlh ds eu esa ugha vkrk gSA

i"B 10-12;fn euq"; ds ikl tu cy vkSj /ku cy ;s nksuksa gksa Hkh vkSj eukscy

u gks rks ;s nksuksa csdkj lkfcr gks tkrs gSaA eku yhft, vki ds ikl iSlk Hkh[+kwc gks vkSj vkneh Hkh dkQ+h gksa] vkids ikl cUnwdsa vkSj vU; lqj{kk lkexzhHkh mIyC/k gks ysfdu vkids ikl eukscy u gks rks vkus okyk 'k=q vkidhcUnwdsa vkSj lqj{kk lkexzh Hkh Nhu ys tk,xkA vr% eukscy dk gksuk ijevko';d gSA eukscy dk txr çfl) mnkgj.k vkids lkeus gSA ,sfrgkfld?kVuk gS dYiuk dh chr ughaA usiksfy;u ,d cgqr lkgfld ,oa vts; lsukifrds :i esa çfl) Fkk] mlds uke gh ls 'k=q dkai mBrs Fks] ysfdu mldks ekewyhls ,d lSfud us ;q) esa gjk fn;k FkkA fo'ks"k mYys[kuh; ckr ;g gS fd bl



lSfud us ;g dg dj mls gjk;k Fkk fd eSa usiksfy;u dks vo'; gjkÅaxkD;ksafd eSaus mls [ksy ds eSnku esa gjk j[kk gSA vkSj okLro esa mlus usiksfy;udks gjk fn;kA ml lSfud us ml egku 'kfDr'kkyh vts; dgs tkus okysusiksfy;u dks blhfy, gjk fn;k D;ksafd mldk eukscy usiksfy;u ds çfr [ksyds eSnku ls gh c<+k gqvk FkkA

eukscy dh ;g ,d fo'ks"krk gS fd og ,d ckj tc fdlh ds fo#)c<+ tkrk gS rks fQj mldk de gksuk vlaHko gksrk gSA rHkh rks uSiksfy;u dsikl okLrfod HkkSfrd 'kfDr ,oa j.k dkS'ky gksus ds ckotwn mlds fo#) c<+seukscy okys ,d ekewyh ls lSfud us mls ,syku djds gjk fn;kA vr% ;fnnfyr oxZ ;g lksps fd ge flQ+Z viuh 'kfDr ds cy ij gh vR;kpkjksa dkeqd+kcyk dj ysaxa rks ;g mudh Hkwy gSA fQj gesa bl igyw dks gjfxt+ ughaHkwyuk pkfg, fd Lko.kZ fgUnqvksa dk eukscy gekjs fo#) igys ls gh cgqr c<+kgqvk gSA ge pkgsa fdruh gh okLrfod 'kfDr vftZr dj ysa ysfdu os rks ;ghlksprs gSa fd&gSa rks ;s os gh pekj] Hkaxh ¼;k vNwr½ gh] ;s dj Hkh D;k ldrsgSa\ blhfy, gesa eukscy c<+kus dh t+:jr gS vkSj ;g mlh le; lEHko gS tcge fdlh ckgjh lkekftd 'kfDr dh enn ysa ftldk eukscy fxjk gqvk ughsoju~ c<+k gqvk gksA

nfyrksa ij gh T+kqYe D;ksa gksrk gS\okLrfod fLFkfr dk eSaus ;g tks fo'ys"k.k fd;k gS ;fn ;g oLrqfLFkfr gS

rks blls tks fl)kUr fudysxk mldks Hkh vki lc yksxksa dks Lohdkj djukgksxk vkSj og ;g gS fd vki vius gh O;fDrxr lkeF;Z ij fuHkZj jgsaxs rksvkidks bl T+kqYe dk çfrdkj djuk lEHko ugha gSA vki yksxksa da lkeF;Zghugksus ds dkj.k gh vki ij Li`'; fgUnqvksa }kjk T+;knrh] T+kqYe vkSj vU;k; gksrkgS blesa eq>s fdlh Hkh çdkj dk lUnsg ughsa gSA i`"B 12

vkidh rjg ;gka eqfLye Hkh vYila[;d gSaA fdlh xkao esa eqlyekuksa dsnks ?kj gksus ij dksbZ Li`'; fgUnw mudh vksj vka[k mBkdj Hkh ugha ns[k ldrkAvki ¼nfyr&vLi`';½ yksxksa ds nl edku gksus ij Hkh Li`'; fgUnw T+;knrh]vU;k; vkSj T+kqYe djrs gSaA vkidh ofLr;ka tyk nh tkrh gSa] vkidh efgykvksa

ls cykRdkj gksrk gSA vkneh] cPps vkSj efgykvksa dks fT+kUnk tyk fn;k tkrkgSA vkidh efgykvksa] cgw vkSj toku csfV;ksa dks uaxk djds xkao esa ?kqek;k tkrkgS ;g lc D;ksa gksrk gS\ ;g ,d cgqr egRoiw.kZ ç'u gS] bl ij vki ykxksadks xEHkhjrk ls fpUru vkSj [kkst djuh pkfg,A esjh n`f"V esa bl ç'u dk ,dgh mÙkj fn;k tk ldrk gS vkSj og ;g gS fd mu nks eqlyekuksa ds ihNs lkjsHkkjr ds eqlyeku lekt dh 'kfDr vkSj lkeF;Z gSA bl ckr dh fgUnw lektdks vPNh rjg tkudkjh gksus ds dkj.k mu nks ?kj ds eqlyekuksa dh vksjfdlh fgUnw us Vs<+h maxyh mBk;h rks iatkc ls ysdj eækl rd vkSj xqtjkr lsysdj caxky rd laiw.kZ eqfLye lekt viuh 'kfDr [+kpZ dj mudk laj{k.kdjsxkA ;g ;d+hu Li`'; fgUnw lekt dks gksus ds dkj.k os nks ?kj ds eqlyekufuHkZ; gksdj viuh fT+kUnxh clj djrs gSaA fdUrq vki nfyr vNwrksa ds ckjs esaLi`'; fgUnw lekt dh ;g /kkj.kk cu pqdh gS vkSj okd+bZ lp Hkh gS fdvkidh dksbZ enn djus okyk ugha gS] vki yksxksa ds fy, dksbZ nkSM+ dj vkusokyk ugha gS] vki yksxksa dks #i;ksa iSlksa dh enn gksus okyh ugha gS vkSj u rksvkidks fdlh ljdkjh vf/kdkjh dh enn gksus okyh gSA iqfyl] dksVZ vkSjdpgfj;ka ;gka lc muds gh gksus ds dkj.k Li`'; fgUnw vkSj nfyrksa ds la?k"kZ esaos tkfr dh vksj ns[krs gSa] vius dÙkZO;ksa dh vksj mudk dksbZ /;ku ugha gksrkgS fd gekjk dkSu D;k cky ckadk dj ldrk gSA vki yksxksa dh bl vlgk;voLFkk ds dkj.k gh vki ij Li`'; fgUnw lekt T+;knrh] T+kqYe vkSj vU;k;djrk gSA i"B 12-13

;gka rd eSaus tks fo'ys"k.k fd;k gS mlls nks ckrsa fl) gksrh gSaA igyhckr ;g gS fd fcuk lkeF;Z ds vkids fy, bl T+kqYe vkSj vU;k; dk çfrdkjdjuk laHko ugha gSA nwljh ckr ;g fd çfrdkj ds fy, vR;ko';d lkeF;Zvkt vkids gkFk esa ugha gSA ;s nks ckrsa fl) gks tkus ds ckn rhljh ,d ckrvius vki gh Li"V gks tkrh gS fd ;g vko';d lkeF;Z vki yksxksa dks dghau dgha ls ckgj ls çkIr djuk pkfg,A ;g lkeF;Z vki dSls çkIr dj ldrsgSa\ ;gh lpeqp egRo dk ç'u gS vkSj mldk vki yksxksa dks fufoZdYi n`f"V lsfparu vkSj euu djuk pkfg,A i`"V 14



ckgjh 'kfDr dSls çkIr djuh pkfg,\ftl xkao esa vNwr yksxksa ij fgUnw Li`';ksa dh vksj ls T+kqYe gksrk gS ml

xkao esa vU; /kekZoyEch yksx ugha gksrs gSa ,slh ckr ugha gSA vLi`';ksa ij gksusokyk T+kqYe csd+lwjh dk gS] csxqukgksa ij T+;knrh gS] ;g ckr mudks ¼vU; /keZokyksa dks½ ekywe ugha ,slh dksbZ ckr ugha gS] tks dqN gks jgk gS og okLro esaT+kqYe vkSj vU;k; gS ;g ekywe gksus ij Hkh os yksx vNwrksa dh enn ds fy,nkSM+dj ugha tkrs gSa] bldk dkj.k vkf[+kj D;k gS\ rqe gedks enn D;ksa ughansrs gks\* ;fn ,slk ç'u vkius muls iwNk rks vkids >xM+s esa ge D;ksa iM+sa\;fn vki gekjs /keZ ds gksrs rks geus vkidks lg;ksx fn;k gksrk*& bl rjg dkmÙkj os vkidks nsaxsaA blls ckr vkids /;ku esa vk ldrh gS fd fdlh HkhvU; lekt ds vki tc rd ,glkuean ugha gksaxs fdlh Hkh vU; /keZ esa'kkfey gq, fcuk vkidks ckgjh lkeF;Z çkIr ugha gks ldrk gSA bldk gh Li"Veryc ;g gS fd vki yksxksa dk/kekZUrj djds fdlh Hkh lekt esa varHkZwr gkstkuk pkfg,A flok; blds vkidks ml lekt dk leF;Z çkIr gksuk lEHko ughagSA vkSj tc rd vkids ihNs lkeF;Z ugha gS rc rd vkidks vkSj vkidhHkkoh vkSykn dks vkt dh lh Hk;kud] vekuoh; veuq";rkiw.kZ nfjæh voLFkkesa gh lkjh fT+kUnxh xqT+kkjuh iM+sxhA T+;knfr;ka csjgeh ls cnkZ'r djuh iM+sxh]blesa dksbZ lansg ugha gSA i"B 14-15

ckck lkgc ds bu fopkjska ls ;g ckr vius vki lkQ+ gks tkrh gS fdlkeF;Z çkIr djus ds fy, gesa fdlh vU; lekt dk ,glkuean vo'; ghgksuk iM+sxk fdlh vU; lekt esa gesa vo'; gh fey tkuk gksxkA nfyr oxZ dstks yksx ,slk le>rs gSa fd og Lo;a vius laxBu vkSj ckgwcy ls gh viuhleL;k,a gy dj ldrs gSa os flQ+Z ;gh ugha fd [+kqn /kks[ks vkSj Q+jsc esa gSa]cfYd nfyr lekt dks Hkh x+yr jkg fn[kk jgs gSa& ,slh jkg tks ckck lkgc dsfopkjksa ds fcYdqy foijhr gSA

fgUnw /keZ esa vkids çfr dksbZ lgkuqHkwfr ughafgUnw /keZ vkSj lekt dh vksj ;fn lgkuqHkwfr dh n`f"V ls ns[kk tk, rks

vgadkj] vKku vkSj vU/kdkj gh fn[kkbZ nsxk] ;gh dguk iM+sxkA bldk vki

yksxksa dks vPNk [+kklk vuqHko gSA fgUnw /keZ esa viuRo dh Hkkouk rks gS ghughaA fdUrq fgUnw lekt dh vksj ls vki yksxksa dks nq'euksa ls Hkh nq'eu] X+kqykeksals Hkh X+kqyke vkSj i'kqvksa ls Hkh uhpk le>k tkrk gSA i`"B 19

fgUnw lekt esa D;k vkids çfr lerk dh n`f"V gS\dqN fgUnw yksx vNwrksa dks dgrs gSa fd rqe yksx f'k{kk yks] LoPN jgks]

ftlls ge vkidks Li'kZ dj ldsaxs] lekurk ls Hkh ns[ksaxsA exj okLro esans[kk tk, rks vKkuh] nfjæh vkSj vLoPN nfyrksa dk tks cqjk gky gksrk gS oghcqjk gky i<+s&fy[ks iSls okys vkSj LoPN jgus okys rFkk vPNs fopkj okysnfyrksa dk Hkh gksrk gSA

nfyr oxZ le`f) dh ijkdk"Bk ds çrhd rRdkyhu miç/kkuea=h Jhtxthou jketh dks okjk.klh esa Jh laiw.kZuUn dh ewfrZ dk vukoj.k djus ijftl rjg ls viekfur gksuk iM+k Fkk mlls nfyrksa dh vka[ksa [kqy pqdh gSa fdfgUnqvksa dk LoPNrk ds vk/kkj ij lekurk dk crkZo djus dk vk'oklufdruk cM+k /kks[kk gSA ;kn jgs] Jh txthou jke th }kjk vukoj.k dh xbZewfrZ dks xaxkty ls /kksdj ifo= fd;k x;k FkkA

dqN HkkbZ vius vkfFkZd fiNM+siu gh dks vius Åij gks jgs vR;kkpkjksadk dkj.k ekurs gSaA ;g ckr Bhd gS fd x+jhch cgqr nq[kksa dk dkj.k gS ysfdux+jhc rks czkã.k Hkh gSa] oS'; Hkh gSa vkSj {kf=; Hkh gSa x+jhch ls os yksx Hkhijs'kku gSa vkSj os x+jhch ds fo#) yM+ Hkh jgs gSa ysfdu gesa ,d lkFk nksyM+kb;ka yM+uh iM+ jgh gSa& ,d rks x+jhch dh nwljh ?k`.kk Hkjh tkfr çFkk dhA,d rjQ+ ge ij x+jhch dh ekj iM+ jgh gS vkSj nwljs gekjh ,d fo'ks"k tkfrgksus ds dkj.k ge fiV jgs gSaA gesa tkfr dh yM+kbZ rks rqjUr lekIr dj nsuhpkfg,A ge Hkaxh] pekj] egkj] [kVhd vkfn vNwr rHkh rd gSa] tc rd fdge fgUnw gSaA

fgUnw /keZ esa Lora=rkd+kuwu ls vkidks pkgs ftrus vf/kdkj vkSj gd+ fn, x, gksa fdUrq ;fn

lekt mudk mi;ksx djus ns rc gh ;g dgk tk ldrk gS fd ;s okLrfodgd+ gSA bl n`f"V ls ns[kk tk, rks vkidks u eafnj tkus dh Lora=rk gS vkSj u



thus dh Lora=rk gS] ;g vki Hkyh&Hkkafr tkurs gSaA blds leFkZu esa vf/kdrF; tqVkus dh vko';drk ugha gSA ;fn Lora=rk dh n`f"V ls ns[kk tk, rks gevius vkidks ,d X+kqyke ls Hkh cnrj gkyr esa gh ik;saxsA Lora=rk] lekurk,oa cU/kqRo tks euq"; ds fodkl ds fy, vko';d pht+sa crkbZ xbZ gSa muesa lsvkids fy, fgUnw /keZ esa dksbZ Hkh miyC/k ugha gSA

D;k fgUnw /keZ gekjs iwoZtksa dk /keZ Fkk\

fgUnw /keZ gekjs iwoZtksa dk /keZ ugha gks ldrk gS] cfYd mu ijt+cjnLrh yknh xbZ ,d X+kqykeh] nklrk FkhA gekjs iwoZtksa dks bl /keZ esa ghj[kuk ;g ,d Øwj [+kwuh iatk Fkk tks gekjs iwoZtksa ds [+kwu dk I;klk FkkA blX+kqykeh ls viuh eqfDr ikus dh {kerk vkSj lk/ku miyC/k ugha Fks] blfy, mUgsabl X+kqykeh esa jguk iM+kA blds fy, mUgsa ge nks"kh ughs Bgjk;saxs] dksbZ Hkh muij jge gh djsxkA fdUrq vkt dh ih<+h ij ml rjg dh T+kcjnLrh djukfdlh ds fy, Hkh LkEHko ughs gSA gesa gj rjg dh Lora=rk gSA bl vkT+kknh dklgh&lgh mi;ksx dj ;fn bl ih<+h us viuh eqfDr dk rjLrk ugha [kkstk] ;gtks gT+kkjksa lky ls czkã.kh vFkkZr fgUnw /keZ dh X+kqykeh gS mldks ughs rksM+k rkseaS ;gh le>waxk fd muds tSls] uhp] muds tSls gjkeh vkSj muds tSleaS ;gh le>waxk fd muds tSls] uhp] muds tSls gjkeh vkSj muds tSleaS ;gh le>waxk fd muds tSls] uhp] muds tSls gjkeh vkSj muds tSleaS ;gh le>waxk fd muds tSls] uhp] muds tSls gjkeh vkSj muds tSls dk;j Hkhs dk;j Hkhs dk;j Hkhs dk;j HkhLokfHkeku cspdj i'kq ls Hkh xbZ xqT+kjh fT+kUnxh clj djrs gSa vULokfHkeku cspdj i'kq ls Hkh xbZ xqT+kjh fT+kUnxh clj djrs gSa vULokfHkeku cspdj i'kq ls Hkh xbZ xqT+kjh fT+kUnxh clj djrs gSa vULokfHkeku cspdj i'kq ls Hkh xbZ xqT+kjh fT+kUnxh clj djrs gSa vU; dksbZ ugha gksaxsA; dksbZ ugha gksaxsA; dksbZ ugha gksaxsA; dksbZ ugha gksaxsA ;g ckr eq>s cM+s nq[k vkSj cM+h csjgeh ls dguh iM+sxhA i"B 38-39

/keZ] mÌs'; iqfrZ dk lk/ku gS]vr% /keZ ifjorZu djks

;fn vkidks balkfu;r ls eqgCcr gks rks /kekZUrj djksA fgUnw /keZ dkR;kx djksA reke nfyr vNwrksa dh lfn;ksa ls X+kqyke j[ks x, oxZ dh eqfDr dseqfDr dseqfDr dseqfDr dsfy, ,drk] laxBu djuk gks rks /kekZUrj djksAfy, ,drk] laxBu djuk gks rks /kekZUrj djksAfy, ,drk] laxBu djuk gks rks /kekZUrj djksAfy, ,drk] laxBu djuk gks rks /kekZUrj djksA lerk izkIr djuh gks rks /kekZUrjdjsaA vkT+kknh izkIr djuk gks rks /kekZUrj djksA ekuoh lq[k pkgrs gks rks/kekZUrj djksA fgUnw /keZ dks R;kxus esa gh reke nfyr] innfyr] vNwr] 'kksf"krihfM+r oxZ dk okLrfod fgr gS] ;g esjk Li"V er cu pqdk gSA i`"B 59

/keZ ifjorZu dk mÌs';bl izdkj ckck lkgc Mk- vEcsMdj us /kekZUrj dk eq[; mÌs'; Li"V

:i ls ckgjh 'kfDr izkIr djuk fuf'pr fd;k FkkA bls gesa dHkh Hkh ughsHkwyuk pkfg,] D;ksafd ckgjh 'kfDr izkIr djus ls gh nfyr oxZ ij gksus okysvR;kpkjksa dks jksdk tk ldsxk] csbT+T+krhiw.kZ fT+kUnxh ls eqfDr fey ldsxh vkSjgesa fey tk,xk Lora= thou] lEekuiw.kZ thou] bUlkfy;r dh fT+kUnxhA

ckgjh 'kfDr izkIr djuh gS] bl fu'p; dks fØ;kfUor djus ds fy,ckck lkgc us 14 vDrwcj lu~ 1956 dks vius yk[kksa vuq;kf;;ksa ds lkFkckS) /keZ xzg.k fd;k FkkA

ckck lkgc us ckS) /keZ dks gh D;ksa

viuk;k\fdlh Hkh fo}ku vkSj fo'ks"kdj odhy dks vius fdlh Hkh ekeys esa

lQy gksus ds fy, mls vius y{; dks ughs Hkwyuk pkfg,A lcls vPNk jkLrkogh gksrk gS] ftlls y{; rd igqapk tk ldsA fdlh Hkh je.kh; lqUnj jkLrsdks vPNk ughs dgk tk ldrk ;fn og y{; rd ughs igqapkrk gSA ckck lkgc,d egku fo}ku gh ughs mPp dksfV ds cSfjLVj Hkh FksA vr% 1956 esa tcmUgksus /keZ&ifjorZu ds fy, iwoZ fuf'pr y{; ^ckgjh 'kfDr iznku djuk*vFkkZr fdlh Hkh ckgjh lekt dh 'kfDr izkIr djus dks lkeus j[kk FkkArnuqlkj mUgksaus lkspuk izkjEHk fd;k fd fgUnw lekt ds vykok fdl lekt dh'kfDr bl ns'k esa gS ftls izkIr djds nfyr oxZ ds yksx vR;kpkjksa ls cp ldsavkSj lEekfur thou O;rhr dj ldsaA mUgksaus ik;k fd bl ns'k esa u rks bZlkbZlekt dh 'kfDr gS] u ckS) lekt dh vkSj u bLykeh lekt dhA lu~ 1947ds ns'k foHkktu ds ckn nwljksa dh rjg eqlyekuksa dh 'kfDr Hkh gekjs ns'k esa uds cjkcj gh jg xbZ FkhA vFkkZr gekjs ns'k esa fdlh vU; lekt dh 'kfDrugha Fkh ftls ikdj vR;kpkjksa ls eqfDr fey ldrhA lE;d~ dYiuk dhft, fd,d dejs ds chpkschp ,d deT+kksj ttZj ejhT+k fxjus okyk gS vkSj ml dejsesa LrEHk vkfn dqN Hkh ughsa gS ftldk og lgkjk ys ldsA rc og D;k djsxk\



og lgkjk ysus ds fy, ml dejs dh fdlh nhokj dh rjQ+ gh c<+sxkA Bhdblh izdkj ckck lkgc us Hkh tc ns[kk fd bl dejk :ih ns'k esa dksbZ lgkjkugha gS rc mudks vius deT+ksj lekt dks fxjus ls cpkus ds fy, nhokjksa dhvksj tkuk iM+kA vFkkZr tc mUgksus ik;k fd bl ns'k esa dksbZ Hkh ,slk lektugha jghs gS ftldh 'kfDr es a foyhu gksdj nfyr oxZ dks mRihM+u ,oavR;kkpkjksa ls cpk;k tk lds rc mUgksaua gekjs ns'k ds fudV ds ns'kksa dh vksjn`f"V Mkyh fd D;k muesa dksbZ ,slk lekt jgrk gS ftldh 'kfDr ikdj y{;dh izkfIr dh tk ldsA mUgksaus ik;k fd phu] tkiku] yadk] cekZ] FkkbZySaM vkfnns'kksa esa ckS) /kekZoyEch lekt gSA vr% mudh 'kfDr vFkkr~ ckgjh 'kfDr*ikus ds fy, ckS) /keZ gh viukuk pkfg;s vkSj mUgksaus ,slk gh fd;kA mu fnuksafdlh vU; /keZ dks viuk dj y{; dh izkfIr esa fnD+d+r gks ldrh Fkh vkSjckS) /keZ dks viukdj gh y{; dh izkfIr vklku ekywe iM+rh FkhA blhfy,ckck lkgc us ckS) /keZ viuk;k FkkA blesa T+kjk Hkh lUnsg dh xqatkb'k ugha gSA

ikfdLrku cuus ds ckn lu~ 1956 esa ckck lkgc us tc /keZ&ifjorZufd;k Fkk] ml le; Hkkjr esa eqlyekuksa dh 'kfDr rks Fkh gh ugha] blds vykokmu fnuksa fgUnwvksa ds eu esa eqlyeku ;k bLyke ds uke ls gh bruh ?k`.kk FkhA;fn ge yksx ml oD+r eqlyeku curs rks gesa xkao&xkao esa xktj ewyh dh rjgdkV dj Qsad fn;k tkrkA vr% ;fn ckck lkgc 1956 esa bLyke /keZ Lohdkjdjrs rks ;g mudh ,d cgqr cM+h vkT+kekb'k gksrhA bu lHkh ckrksa dks /;ku esaj[krs gq, mÌs'; dks ikus ds fy, mUgksaus ckS) /keZ viukdj vFkkZr~ Hkfo"; esacqf) ls dke ysus dk ladsr djds nfyr oxZ dh eqfDr dk okLrfod ekxZ [kksydj ,d egku~ dk;Z fd;k FkkA ysfdu nqHkkZX; dh ckr fd ckck lkgc vEcsMdjnfyr oxZ dks ckS) /keZ:ih ;g ije vkS"kf/k nsdj dsoy ,d eghuk 22 fnugh 6 fnlEcj lu~1956 dks ijyksd fl/kkj x,A bl izdkj ckck lkgcvEcsMdj ;g ns[k gh ugha ik, fd eSaus vius bu yksxksa dks tks egkO;kf/k lsihfM+r gSa] tks ije vkS"kf/k nh gS og bUgsa ekfQ+d+ Hkh vk;h ;k fj,D'ku djjgh gS vFkkZr~ ekfQ+d+ ugha vk jgh gSA

ckck lkgc gedks fgnk;r nsus ds fy, vkt gekjs chp ekStwn ugha gSaAvc rks bl nfyr oxZ dks Lo;a gh viuh HkykbZ dk fopkj djuk gksxkA gelcdks feydj lkspuk gksxk fd tks ckS) /keZ:ih ije vkS"kf/k geus vkt ls

yxHkx cÙkhl o"kZ iwoZ ysuh izkjEHk dh Fkh mlus gekjs jksx dks fdruk Bhdfd;k\ Bhd fd;k Hkh gS ;k ugha\ vFkok dgha ;g vkS"kf/k fj,D'ku rks ugha djjgh gS vFkkZr~ mYVh rks ugha iM+ jgh gS\ D;k ,Slk ewY;kadu djus dk le;vkt 32 o"kZ ckn Hkh ugha vk;k gS\ fuf'pr :i ls gesa eqY;kadu djukpkfg,A

cks) /keZ viuk dj ge vius mÌs'; esa fdrus lQ+y gq, gSa\ bllEcU/k esa ckck lkgc }kjk fu/kZfjr fdlh Hkh /keZ dks viukus dk mÌs'; nfyroxZ dks ckgjh 'kfDr izkIr djuk gksuk pkfg,A bl izdkj nfyr oxZ }kjk ckS)/keZ viukus dk mÌs'; ckgjh 'kfDr izkIr djuk FkkA vr% gesa ;g ns[kuk gS fdckS) /keZ viukus ls nfyr oxZ esa ckgjh 'kfDr fdruh vkbZ\ dqN vkbZ Hkh ;kfcYdqy Hkh ugha vkbZ\ ;k bl /keZ dks viukus ls gekjh eqy 'kfDr esa Hkh dqNdeh vk xbZ gS\

ge ikrs gSa fd ckS) /keZ viukus ls nfyrksa ds vUnj fdlh izdkj dhdksbZ Hkh ckgjh 'kfDr vkbZ ugha cfYd mldh ewy 'kfDr esa Hkh deh vk xbZ gSAloZizFke rks nfyr oxZ dks ftruh cM+h la[;k esa ckS) /keZ viukuk pkfg, Fkkmruh cM+h tula[;k }kjk ugha viuk;k x;k vkSj blfy, ugha viuk;k x;kfd nfyr lekt vf/kdrj vf'kf{kr lekt gSA ckS) /keZ dgrk gS fd dksbZbZ'oj] vYykg vkfn ugha gSA ;g ckr vHkh rd vPNs i<+s fy[ks yksxksa dh Hkhle> esa ugha vkrhA og fdlh u fdlh :i esa bZ'oj ;k vYykg dh lÙkk dksLohdkjrs gSa] rc ;g ckr vui<+ vf'kf{kr yksxksa dh le> esa dSls vk ldrhgS fd bZ'oj ;k vYykg gS gh ughaA ;gh lcls cM+k dkj.k gS ftldh otg lsnfyr oxZ dh cM+h la[;k us bl /keZ dks ugha viuk;kA vxj viuk;k gS rksnfyr oxZ ds NksVs fgLls usA lR; rks ;g gS fd ckS) /keZ dsoy pekj ;k egkjtkfr dh dqy tula[;k dh eqf'dy ls 20 izfr'kr us gh viuk;k gSA vkSjmudh Hkh fLFkfr ;g gS fd tks 20 izfr'kr ckS) cus gSa os 80 izfr'kr pekjksadks dgrs gSa fd ;s <s<+ ds <s<+ gh jgsA vkSj 80 izfr'kr pekj tks ckS) ughacus gSa os dgrs gSa fd ;s cq)&pq) dgka ls cus gSa\

bl izdkj igys tks pekjksa dh Hkh 'kfDr Fkh og Hkh 20 vkSj 80 esa,slk Hkh ugha jgk D;ksafd ckS) vkSj pekjksa ds chp la?k"kZ Hkh gq, gSaA bl izdkjckS) /keZ viukus ls nfyr oxZ dh 'kfDr ?kVh gS] c<+h ugha] tcfd mÌs'; Fkk]



ckgjh vfrfjDr 'kfDr izkIr djukA;g rks jgk lexz lekt dk fo'ys"k.kA vc ge mu nfyrksa dh fLFkfr

ij X+kkSj djsa ftUgksaus ckS) viuk fy;k gSA D;k muesa dqN ckgjh 'kfDr vk xbZgS\ fcYdqy ughaA dsoy bruk gqvk fd tks igys pekj Fks os vc vius dksckS) dgus yxsA ysfdu dqN Hkh dgus ek= ls rks 'kfDr vkrh ughaA bl ns'k esaiqjkus ckS) tks gSa gh ugha fd mudh 'kfDr bu uo ckS)ksa esa vk xbZ gks vkSjnksuksa feydj ,d rkd+roj lekt cuk fy;k gksA nwljs ckS) ns'kksa us Hkh uockS)ksa dh enn esa viuh dksbZ #fp ugha fn[kkbZ gSA vkSj ;fn ckS) ns'k enndjuk Hkh pkgsa rks dSls djsaxs\ T+;knk ls T+;knk Hkkjr ljdkj dks ,d fojks/k&i=fy[k Hkstsaxs fd Hkkjr esa ckS)ksa ij vR;kpkj equkflc ugha gSA D;k mlfojks/k&i= ls dke py tk,xk vkSj mldh Q+ksVk LVsV dkfi;ka djkds ckS) mUgsayë ekjus okyksa ;k fT+kUnk tyk nsus okyksa dks fn[kkdj cp tk,axs\ ;k tgka mUgsaxksfy;ksa ls mM+k nsus okyh ckr gksrh gS rks D;k os nwljs ns'kksa ds fojks/k&i= dhdkih xksyh ekjus okys dks fn[kkdj xksyh ls cp tk,saxs\ bl izdkj ckgjh ns'kksadh enn ls rks bl ns'k esa ge vlgk; yksxksa dk dqN Hkh Hkyk gksus okyk ughagS vkSj u gh gqvk gSA

mujksDr fo'ys"k.k ls Li"V gS fd ckS) /keZ dk viuk dj geus dqNikus ds ctk, dqN [kks;k gS vkSj ogh [kks;k gS ftldks ikus ds fy, ;gviuk;k x;k FkkA bl izdkj ckS) /keZ nfyr oxZ ds mÌs'; dh iwfrZ esa iw.kZ :ils foQy jgk gSA

iz'u fd;k tk ldrk gS D;k Mk0 vEcsMdj us x+yr lkspk Fkk\ D;kmudh cqf) esa ;s lc ckrsa ugha vkbZ gksxh\ bl lEcU/k esa bruk gh dgukdkQ+h gksxk fd ,d rks deh fdlh Hkh bUlku ls jg ldrh gSA nwljs dqNleL;k;sa ,slh gksrh gSa tks dsoy lkspus ek= ls gh gy ugha gksrh gSa cfYdmudk fØ;kfUor gksrs ns[kuk Hkh vR;f/kd egRoiw.kZ gksrk gSA ckck lkgc us tksdqN Hkh lkspk Fkk og Bhd gh lkspk Fkk ysfdu ftl ij dksbZ uSfrd nkf;Ro gksvkSj og mls iwjk u djs rks D;k mu esa lkspus okys dh X+kyrh ekuh tk,xh\ckS) ns'kksa us viuh fT+kEesnkjh ugha fuHkkbZ vkSj vc mudh enn ls dqN gksusokyk Hkh ugha gSA D;kasfd gekjh leL;k dsoy jktuSfrd ugha gS] oju lkekftdHkh gS vkSj og vf/kd fodV gSA ;fn gekjs lkeus lkekftd leL;k u gksrh

rc rks laHkor% la;qDr jk"Vª la?k vkfn esaa ckS) ns'kksa dk lgkjk ys ldrs FksvkSj viuh jktuhfrd xqRFkh dks lqy>k ldrs FksA fdUrq gesa rks igys lkekftd'kfDr izkIr djuh gS] ftlls fd vk, fnu gksus okys vR;kpkjksa ls cpk tkldsA

nfyr yksx djksM+ksa dh la[;k esa bl ns'k ds yk[kksa esa vyx&vyx fc[kjsiM+s gSaA fcYdqy funksZ"k gksrs gq, Hkh mu ij txg&txg T+kqYe vkSj vR;kpkjgksrs gSaA bu vR;kpkjksa ls dSls cpk tk, ;gh nfyr oxZ dh ewy leL;k gSAbl egkO;kf/k ls eqfDr fnykus ds fy, gh ckck lkgc Mk0 vEcsMdj us ckS)/keZ :ih ijekS"kf/k nh Fkh tks dke;kc ugha gqbZ cfYd mYVh iM+ xbZA vFkkZr~nfyr lekt ckS) vkSj vckS) nks [+kseksa esa caVdj vkSj Hkh deT+kksj gks x;k gSAvki dgsaxs fd D;k ckck lkgc blds fy, nks"kh gSa\ ugha! cfYd gekjs 'kjhj dks;g ijekS"kf/k ekfQ+d+ gh ugha vkbZA

bl fo'ys"k.k ls bruk rks Li"V :i ls fl) gks pqdk gS fd ckS) /keZls vc gekjk dke pyus okyk ugha gS] vc rks bl lekt dks Hkyk paxk rxM+kcukus ds fy,] vfrfjDr ckgjh 'kfDr izkIr djus ds fy, nwljh nokbZ gh ysuhpkfg,A

dqN yksx tkuuk pkgsaxs fd D;k ckck lkgc gekjs jksxh :ih lekt dsfy, fl)gLr MkDVj ugha Fks tks gesa Bhd nokbZ ugha ns ik,\ bl iz'u dkmÙkj vki ,d lokZax :i ls mfpr mnkgj.k ls le> ldrs gSa&dgk tkrk gSfd ftu MkDVjksa us isaflyhu uked ijekS"kf/k dh [kkst dh Fkh mUgksaus ?kks"k.kk dhFkh fd lalkj esa ;fn dksbZ ve`r uke dh phT+k gS rks og isaflyhu gS vkSj mlsgeus [kkst fy;k gSA cM+h gn rd og Bhd Hkh gS D;ksafd ftldks isaflyhuekfQ+d+ vk tkrh gS og mlds fy, ve`r gh lkfcr gksrh gSA fdrus gh xaHkhjjksx dks ;g Bhd dj nsrh gSA ysfdu ftldks ekfQ+d+ ugha vkrh ml ejht+ dhogh ve`r ¼iasflyhu½ tku rd ys ysrh gSA

izR;sd MkDVj ;gh pkgrk gS fd eSa gj ejht+ dks isaflyhu dk batsD'kunwa] ysfdu nsus ls igys gh og ,d VsLV Mkst+ yxkrk gSA rkfd tku lds fdejht+ dks ;g nokbZ ekfQ+d+ Hkh vkrh gS ;k ugha ;fn mldks ekfQ+d+ ugha vkrhgS rks MkDVj mldks isaflyhu fcYdqy ugha yxkrk gSA vkSj lkFk gh ;g Hkh dgnsrk gS fd isaflyhu dHkh er yxokuk D;ksafd ;g vkidks fj,D'ku djrh gSA



ckS) /keZ :ih ijekS"kf/k ysus ls nfyr oxZ dks fj,D'ku gqvk gSA ;gmls vkSj vf/kd deT+kksj cukrh tk jgh gSa ckS) /keZ }kjk 20 izfr'kr vkSj80 izfr'kr esa caVdj nfyr oxZ dh ewy 'kfDr Hkh ?kV jgh gS vkSj gekjh n'kkBhd ,slh cu xbZ gS tSls ,d cM+s MkDVj ds ikl ,d xaHkhj jksx ls ihfM+rejht+k vk;k vkSj og MkDVj mldh ijh{kk dj vius psyksa ls dg dj dghapyk x;k fd bldks isaflyhu yxk nks tks loksZÙke gSA mlds psys ml ejhT+k dksisaflyhu dk bUtsD'ku yxk nsrs gSa ysfdu og bUtsD'ku ml ejhTk+ ds fj,D'kudjrk gS vFkkZr~ ekfQ+d+ ugha vkrk gS ftlls fd ejhT+k dh gkyr vkSj fcxM+usyxrh gS vkSj cM+s MkDVj ds os ew[kZ vkSj ukrtqcsZdkj psys vc Hkh dg jgs gSafd gekjs cM+s MkDVj bldks isaflyhu yxkus ds fy, gh dg x, Fks vr%isaflyhu yxkvks! D;k dksbZ Hkh le>nkj O;fDr mudks cqf)eku dgsxk fd ;s cM+svPNs iDds psys gSa fd vius xq# vFkkZr~ vius cM+s MkDVj dh ckr ij vM+s gq,gSa ;k myVs mudks ew[kZ ;k vKkuh dgsxk\

;gh gkyr gekjk gSA ckS) /keZ ges a fj,D'ku dj jgk gS ftllsijekS"kf/k le>dj ckck lkgc vEcsMdj gesa nsdj dsoy 1 ekg 22 fnu dsckn ijyksd fl/kkj x, FksA og gesa ekfQ+d+ ugha vk jgh gS D;kasfd ckkS) /keZviukus dk mÌs'; ckgjh 'kfDr izkIr djuk Fkk] ysfdu ckgjh 'kfDr vkuk rksnwj dh ckr gS] og gekjh ewy 'kfDr dks Hkh ?kVk jgk gS] ;g geus vPNh rjgtku fy;k gS vFkok tku ysuk pkfg,A ;fn vkt Hkh ge ckS) /keZ dks ghviukus dh fT+kn ;k vkxzg djrs gSa rks izR;sd le>nkj O;fDr gekjh cqf)ghurkij rjl [kk,xk] og galsxk vkSj nq'eu [+kq'kh euk,xk vkSj gks Hkh ;gh jgk gSAvkt tc gekjs dqN tkx:d lkfFk;ksa us nwljh vkS"kf/k] bLyke /keZ dh rjQ+/;ku nsuk 'kq: fd;k gS vkSj mls viukuk 'kq: fd;k gS rks gekjs vKkuh lkFkhbldk fojks/k dj jgs gSa vkSj dg jgs gSa ugha ogh ckck ckgc dh crkbZ gqbZnok ysuh gS] vkSj vkt gekjk nq'eu Hkh ;gh lykg ns jgk gS fd ckS) /keZ ghviukvks] eqlyeku er cuks] D;ksafd og tkurk gS fd buds ckS) /keZ viukusls budk dksbZ Hkyk gkssus okyk ugha gS vkSj eq>s dksbZ gkfu Hkh gksus okyh ughagSA bl ckr dks ckck lkgc d vuq;k;h dgykus okyksa dks Hkyh izdkj le>ysuk pkfg, vkSj ;fn ckck lkgc ds vuq;kf;;ksa esa FkksM+h Hkh le> gS rks mUgsatku ysuk pkfg, fd ckck lkgc }kjk fu/kkZfjr /kekZUrj dk mÌs'; ckgjh 'kfDrizkIr djuk gSA ;g vPNh rjg ls le> yhft, fd ckgjh 'kfDr ls rkRi;Z

fons'kh 'kfDr ugha oju~ Hkkjr esa fo|eku vU; fdlh Hkh lekt dh 'kfDr ls gSftls izkIr djus ds fy, gesa iwjk iz;Ru djuk pkfg,A mlhds fy, gesa/keZ&ifjorZu djuk gSA

vc ckck lkgc ds vuq;kf;;ksa dks pkfg, fd ckS) /keZ :ih ijekS"kf/kysus ls tks fodkj vkSj miæo gekjs lekt esa iSnk gks x, gSa loZizFke mUgsa 'kkardjsa vkSj bl ckS) /keZ :ih ijekS"kf/k ds LFkku ij dksbZ vU; /keZ viuk,aftlls fd ge vius /kekZUrj ds mÌs'; dks izkIr dj vR;kpkjksa ls eqfDr izkIrdj ldsaA

ckck lkgc bl ckr ds fy, iz;Ru'khy Fks fd esjs nfyr ihfM+r Hkkb;ksadks fgUnqvksa ds T+kqYe vkSj vR;kpkjksa ls eqfDr feyuh pkfg,A os bl ckr dsfcYdqy d+k;y ugha Fks fd bl jksxh :ih nfyr oxZ dks veqd vkS"kf/k vFkkZr~ckS) /keZ gh fn;k tk,] Q+k;nk gks ;k u gksA blh fy, ,d le; ij mUgksausdgk Fkk fd&^;fn eSa vius vNwr Hkkb;ksa dks vR;kpkjksa ls eqfDr u fnyk ldkrks eSa vius vkidks xksyh ekjdj vkRegR;k dj ywaxkA* ;g Fkh mudh Hkh'k.kizfrKkA bl izdkj ;g Li"V gks pqdk gS fd ;fn vkt ckck lkgc gksrs rksfu'p; gh ckS) ?keZ NksM+ dksbZ vU; /keZ dks viukus ds fy, gh dgrsA ysfduckck lkgc gekjs chp esa ugha gSa] vr% vkt rks ge dks gh muds }kjk fuf'prfd, x, mÌs'; dks ikus ds fy,] vius vkidks vR;kpkjksa ls eqfDr fnykus dsfy, ckS) /keZ dks R;kx dj vU; dksbZ /keZ viukuk gksxkA

Lo;a ckck lkgc us &vvvviiiiuuuussss gggghhhh tttthhhhoooouuuu&&&&ddddkkkkyyyy eeeessss aa aa vvvviiiiuuuuhhhh gggghhhh ccccggggqqqqrrrr llllhhhh eeeekkkkUUUU;;;;rrrrkkkkvvvvkkkkss ss aa aadks cnyk FkkA dks cnyk FkkA dks cnyk FkkA dks cnyk FkkA blds dqN mnkgr.k fuEufyf[kr gS&

¼1½ lkeiznkf;d le>kSrs ¼dE;quy ,okMZ½ }kjk feys nks oksVks a dsvf/kdkj dks ftls fd ckck lkgc cgqr gh vko';d ekurs Fks Lo;a ,d oksV esacnyuk Lohdkj dj fy;k FkkA` ¼20½ ckck lkgc xka/kh th ds dêj fojks/kh rFkk mldks vNwrksa dknq'eu ekurs FksA ysfdu ,sls Hkh mnkgj.k gSa fd ckck lkgc us xka/kh th dhfny [kksydj cM+kbZ Hkh dh gSaA mUgha ds 'kCnksa esa& eS le>rk gwa fd bl lkjsizdj.k ¼iwuk iSDV dks djus ds fy,½ esa bl gy dk cgqr&lk Js; Lo;a egkRekxka/kh dks gSA ^eSa egkRek xka/kh dk ÑrK gw¡ fd mUgksaus eq>dks ,d cM+h ukT+kqdifjfLFkfr esa ls fudky fy;kA eq>s ,d gh vQ+lksl gS] egkRek th us xksy esT+k



dkaÝsl ds le; Hkh ;gh #[+k D;ksa ugha viuk;kA ;fn mUgksaus esjs n`f"Vdks.k dslkFk ,slk gh mnkjrkiw.kZ O;ogkj fd;k gksrk rks mUgsa bl ladV esa ls u xqT+kjukiM+rkA tks gks] ;s lc chrh gqbZ ckrsa gSaA eq>s g"kZ gS fd vkt eSa ;gka blizLrko dk leFkZu djus ds fy, mifLFkr gwaA eq>s fo'okl gS fd tks vU; fe=mifLFkr ugha gSa] eSa mudh vksj ls Hkh cksy jgk gwa fd ge ml le>kSrs dkikyu djsaxs] bl fo"k; esa fdlh ds eu esa dqN lansg ugha jguk pkfg,A eSvk'kk djrk gwa fd fgUnwx.k bl le>kSrs dks ,d ifo= le>ksrk ekusaxs vkSjbldk ikyu djrs le; viuh bT+t+r dks cêk ugha yxus ns axsA** ¼Mk0vEcsMdj ds Hk'k.k] izFke Hkkx 1978 ds laLdj.k ds i`"B 33 ls] laikndHkxoku nkl ,MoksdsV½

¼3½ ckck lkgc dk fopkj igys fgUnw /keZ esa gh jgus dk Fkk&;fn fgUnwnfyr oxZ dks lekurk dk ntkZ ns nsrkA mUghads 'kCnksa esa ^;fn eafnj izos'kvNwrksa dh mUufr dk igyk d+ne gS rks os bldk leFkZu blfy, djsaxs D;ksafdos ,slk gh /keZ pkgrs gSa ftlesa mUgsa lkekftd lerk izkIr gksA vNwr yksx vc,sls /keZ dks cnkZ'r ugha djsaxs ftlesa tUeuk lkekftd fo"kerk vkSj HksnHkkolqjf{kr gksA** ¼i`"B 122 ckck lkgc dk thou la?k"kZ ys[kd &ftKklw½ ftlsmUgksaus ckn esa cny fn;k vkSj /kekZUrj dh ?kks"k.kk dj nhA iwuk iSDV ds le;Hkk"k.k djrs gq, mUgksaus dgk Fkk fd & ^vki bls jktuSfrd le>kSrs ls vkxsc<+dj og ,slk dj ldsa ftlls nfyr oxZ ds fy, u dsoy fgUnw lekt dk,d fgLlk cuk jguk laHko gks tk;s cfYd mls lekt esa lEeku vkSj lekurkdk ntkZ izkIr gks tk,A**¼Mk0 vEcsMdj ds Hkk"k.k] i`"B 35½

¼4½ ckck lkgc dkaxzsl ds izk;% fo#) gh jgs] ysfdu mlds iDdsleFkZd cudj Hkh lkeus vk,A mUgha ds 'kCnksa esa ^rqUgsa dkaxzsl ds izfr vius#[+k dks ,dne cny nsuk pkfg,A vHkh rd dkaxzsl ds izfr gekjk n`f"Vdks.k,d fojks/kh dk n`f"Vdks.k jgk gS] gesa dsoy vius tkfrxr LokFkksaZ dh gh fpUrkjgh gSA vc geus tc Lora=rk izkIr dj yh gS] gesa vius n`f"Vdks.k esa vkewyifjorZu dj Mkyuk pkfg,A** ¼Mk0 vEcsMdj ds Hkk"k.k i`"B 66½

^^ eq>ls yksx iwNrs gSa fd fiNys iPphl o"kZ rd dkaxzsl ds fo#) yM+rsjgus ds ckotwn eSaus ml [+kkl volj ij ekSu D;ksa /kkj.k dj fy;kA ges'kkyM+rs gh jguk loZJs"B ;q) dkS'ky ugha gS] gesa nwljs <axksa ls Hkh dke ysuk

pkfg,A ¼Mk0 vEcsMdj ds Hkk"k.k i`"B 68½bl rjg ge ns[krs gSa fd ckck lkgc us vius gh thou&dky esa viuh

ekU;rkvksa dks cnykA bl ckr ds leFkZu esa iqoZ of.kZr dqN mnkgj.k cgqr [+kklekeyksa ls lacfU/kr gSa ftuls fd nfyr oxZ ds thou&eju dk iz'u tqM+k FkkAblds vykok tgka ckck lkgc us nfyrksa ds fgrkFkZ viuh ekU;rkvksa dks cnyk]ogha mudh dqN ekU;rk,a iwjh Hkh ugha mrjhaA tSls fd mUgksaus dgk Fkk&

^^ftl lekt esa 10 cSfjLVj] 20 MkDVj rFkk 30 bathfu;j gksa ,slslekt dks eSa /kuoku lekt le>rk gwaA ;|fi ml lekt dk gj ,d O;fDrf'kf{kr ugha mnkgj.k ds fy;s pekjA vkt bl lekt dks ?k`.kk dh n`f"V lsns[krs gSaA vxj blh lekt esa dqN odhy] MkDVj rFkk i<+s&fy[ks yksx gksa rksdksbZ Hkh bl lekt dh vksj vka[k mBkdj Hkh ns[kus dh fgEer ugha djsxk];|fi mlesa gj O;fDr f'k{kk izkIr ugha gSA**

ysfdu blesa ckck lkgc dk rfud Hkh dksbZ nks"k ughaA ;fn vki viusiq= ls cgqr lh mEehnsa j[krs gS vkSj vkidk iq= mUgsa iwjh ugha djrk gS rksD;k vki nks"kh gaS\ Bhd blh izdkj ckck lkgc dh ekU;rkvksa ds x+yr fl)gksus esa ckck lkgc dk dksbZ nks"k ugha cfYd muds vuq;kf;;ksa dh dksrkgh gS fdftUgksaus viuk og nkf;Ro ughs fuHkk;k] tks mugsa fuHkkuk pkfg, FkkA

?keZ euq"; ds fy, gSckck lkgc us dgk gS ^^ eSa vki yksxksa ls ;g Li"V dg jgk gwa fd

euq"; /keZ ds fy, ugha gSa cfYd /keZ euq"; ds fy, gSA lalkj esa euq"; lsc<+dj vkSj dksbZ pht+ ugha gSA /keZ ,d lk/ku ek= gS] ftls cny fn;k tkldrk gS] Qsad fn;k tk ldrk gSA** i`"B 59

ge ;g ns[k pqds gSa fd ckS) /keZ ftl mÌs'; ds fy, viuk;k x;k Fkkmlesa og fcYdqy vlQy jgk gSA vr% ;g iz'u iSnk gksrk gS fd vc dkSu&lk/keZ viuk;k tk;sA blds fy, gesa ns[kuk pkfg, fd ckS) /keZ ds vykok ckcklkgc fdu&fdu /keksaZ dks vPNk vkSj vuq:i ekurs FksA vUgksaus bLyke vkSjbZlkbZ /keZ dh cgqr cM+kbZ dh gS vkSj dgk gS fd bUlku dh bUlkfu;r ;ghlcls egRoiw.kZ phT+k gSA ;g ¼bUlkfu;r½ bLyke vkSj bZlkbZ /keZ dh cqfu;kngSA vkSj ;g bUlkfu;r lcdks vknj.kh; gksuh pkfg;sA* fdlh dks Hkh fdlh dk



vieku ugha djuk pkfg, vkSj u gh fdlh dks vleku ekuuk pkfg,] ;gf'k{kk os ¼bLyke vkSj bZlkbZ½ nsrs gSaA

bl rjg gekjs lkeus vc nks /keZ jg x, gSa ftudh mijksDr 'kCnksa esagh ughs] vU; Hkh dbZ txg ij ckck lkgc us ân; ls cM+kbZ dh gSA

bLyke /keZ viuk,as ;k bZlkbZ er\bl ij fopkj djus ls iwoZ gesa viuh ewy leL;k dks fQj ls ;kn dj

ysuk pkfg, D;ksafd vPNk fopkjd ogh gksrk gS tks viuh ewy leL;k ls ugVs] mldk iwjk /;ku r[ksA ;fn jksx dks r; dj fy;k tkrk gS rks jksxh dkbykt djus esa vf/kd dfBukbZ ughs gksrh gSA

leL;k,a rks gekjs lkeus cgqr&lh gSa] vkfFkZd Hkh gSa] f'k{kk lEcU/kh HkhgSa] ysfdu ;s leL;k,a rks vU; yksxksa dh Hkh gSa] lo.kkZsa dh Hkh gSaA jksVh rks rHkhfeysxh tc ge dke djsaxs] f'k{kk dh leL;k rks rHkh gy gksxh tc ge viuscPpksa dks i<+kus dh Bku ysaxsA ojuk rks f'k{kk dh leLr lwfo/kk,a gksrs gq, Hkhvkt Hkh psruk 'kwU; yksx vius cPpksa dks twrs ikfy'k djus ds fy, blfy,Hkst nsrs gSa rkfd 'kke dks nl #i, dek dj ys vk,aA dgus dk eryc ;g gSfd gesa igys viuh ewy leL;k dh rjQ+ /;ku nsuk pkfg,A

nfyr leL;k dks lgh :i esa ysuk cgqr egRoiw.kZ ckr gS ysfdu dqNfufgr LokFkhZ yksx ftu esa dqN gekjs vKkuh HkkbZ Hkh 'kkfey gks ldrs gSa] gesagekjh ewy leL;k vkSj gy dh rjQ+ ls gVk dj nwljh vksj ys tkuk pkgrs gSatgka ge O;FkZ HkVdrs gh jgsa vkSj viuh eafT+ky rd u igqap ik;saA

gesa viuh ewy leL;k dk funku <wa<rs gq, ;g ns[kuk pkfg, fd geij rjg&rjg ds vR;kpkj yk[kksa xkaoksa esa jksT+kkuk dghs u dgha gkrs gh jgrs gSa]blfy, mUgha yk[ksa xkaoksa esa jgus okys ennxkj pkfg,A vkSj gesa /ku&nkSyr dhenn nsus okyk ugha] cfYd csd+lwj gksrs gq, Hkh gesa funZ;rkiwoZd d+Ry djusokys mu vR;kpkfj;ksa ds gkFk jksdus okyk ennxkj vkSj ek'kZy pkfg,] rkfdigys vR;kpkjh ls gekjh tku cp ldsA

bZlkbZ Hkkjr ns'k ds cgqr FkksM+s ls xkaoksa esa gSa vkSj muesa bruh 'kfDrugha fd os gekjh j{kk dj ldsaA ysfdu eqlyeku bl ns'k esa lÙkj Q+hlnh xkao

esa gSa vkSj os [+kqn esa ek'kZy gSaA os viuh dks+Se ij] /keZ cU/kqvksa ij vR;kpkjgksrs lgu ugha dj ldrsA bl izdkj ;fn ge bLyke /keZ xzg.k dj ysrs gSa rksfu'p; gh gekjh ewy leL;k gy gks tk,xhA

ckck lkgc us Lo;a dgk Fkk fd eSa vius yksxksa dks loksZÙke /keZ nsukpkgrk gwa ] ysfdu le; us crk fn;k gS fd ckck lkgc us tks loksZÙke ckS)/keZ :ih vkS"kf/k nh og gesa dkfQ+d+ ugha vkbZ] vr% ml nokbZ dk fodYi ysukckck lkgc dh vkKk dk mYya?ku ugha oju muds }kjk fuf'pr fd, x,mÌs';ksa dks ikuk gSA

bLyke e/;e ekxZ gSvki bl ckr ls lger gkasxs fd /keZ csgrj thou thus dh dyk

¼lk/ku½ ek= gSA blds lalkj esa gesa rhu :i feyrs gSaA ?kksj bZ'ojoknh vkSj?kksj vuh'ojoknh rFkk cqf)ijd bZ'ojoknhA ?kksj bZ'ojoknh bUlku dks dksbZvgfe;r gh ugha nsrsA ?kksj vuh'ojoknh dsoy euq"; dks gh lc dqN ekurs gSaA;s nksuksa jkLrs vfroknh jkLrs gSaA geus Hkh bUghs esa ls ,d ckS) /keZ dks pqukFkkA ysfdu ,d rhljk e/;e ekxZ bLyke /keZ dk gS tks vYykg esa Hkh fo'okldjrk gS ysfdu ;g bUlku dks Hkh vgfe;r nsrk gSA og dgrk gS fd lkjslalkj dh rjg gh bUlku dks Hkh vYykg us gh cuk;k gS ysfdu bUlku dksvYykg us Lora= NksM+ fn;k fd og Hkh Hkyk&cqjk deZ djuk pkgs dj ldrkgS] vkSj bl izdkj vius deksaZ ds fy, [+kqn bUlku gh fT+kEesnkj gS] vYykgughaA vYykg ughs dgrk fd deT+kksjksa ij vR;kpkj djks] mu dk 'kks"k.k djkscfYd mlus rks ,sls eT+yweksa ds lkFk gennhZ djus dk vkns'k fn;k gSA veusbZ'oj dks blh fy, ekuuk NksM+k Fkk fd fgUnw /keZ esa dgk x;k gS fd bUlku tksHkh deZ djrk gS bZ'oj ds gh vkns'k ls djrk gSA vr% tks vR;kpkj x+jhcksa dslkFk gks jgs gSa os bZ'oj ds vkns'k ls gh gks jgs gSaA vkSj bl izdkj vR;kpkjdjus okys dk dksbZ nks"k ugha gksrkA ;g bZ'ojoknh n'kZu gesa ilUn ugha FkkA

blds vykok gekjh leL;k n'kZu dh ugha gSA tks gekjs yksxksa dks /kwayV~B ekjrk gS og dksbZ n'kZu Q'kZu ugha tkurk gS mls rks ;g irk gS fd ;suhp gSa bUgsa ekjuk esjk vf/kdkj gSA



eqlyekuksa }kjk nfyrksa dh lgk;rknwljh rjQ+ vke eqlyekuksa us ekuoh vk/kkj ij vNwrksa dh lnk gh

dqN u dqN enn dh gSA tc /keZ ifjorZu djus dh dksbZ Hkh ckr u Fkh rcHkh eqlyekuksa us vNwrksa dh enn dhA egkn rkykc ds vkanksyu esa tc fgUnqvksaus vNwrksa dks csjgeh ls ekjk rc vNwrksa us eqlyekuksa ds gh ?kjksa esa 'kj.k yhFkhA tc egkn rkykc dk ty ihus ds fy, nqckjk vkanksyu djus ds fy,iaMky ds fy, fdlh Hkh fgUnw us txg ugha nh Fkh rc eqlyekuksa us gh txgnh FkhA

¼i`"B 74-75 thou la?k"kZ ½ckck lkgc us fl)kFkZ dkyst dh LFkkiuk dh rks blds fuekZ.k ds fy,

cEcbZ ds eqlyeku lsB gqlSu th HkkbZ yky th us 50 gT+kkj #i;k pank fn;kvkSj lj dkmlth tgkaxhj us Hkh lg;ksx iznku fd;k fdUrq l[ksn dguk iM+rkgS fd Jh xksfoUn ekyoh; th us bldh dVq vkykspuk dhA

¼125 thou la?k"kZ] ys[kd ftKklw½nwljh xksyesTk+ dkaÝsal esa fgnqLrku ds usrkvksa esa dkQ+h ys ns gqbZA vNwrksa

dh ekax dks dqpyus ds fy, xka/kh th us xqIr laf/k djus dh dksf'k'k dh vkSjftUukg lkgc ls xka/kh th us dgk& eaS rqEgkjh lc 'krsZa ekuus dks rS;kj gw¡ ;fnrqe esjs lkFk feydj vNwrksa dh ekax dk fojks/k djksA* ijUrq ftUUkkg lkgc usbl ckr dks Lohdkj ugha fd;k vkSj dgk & ge Lo;a vYi la[;d gksus dsdkj.k tc fo'ks"kkf/kdkj pkgrs gSa] rks fQj ge nwljs vYila[;dksa dh ekax dkfojks/k dSls dj ldrs gSaA* ¼i"B 13] iwuk iSDV cuke xka/kh] ys[kd 'kadjkuUn'kkL=h½

fgUnqvksa us ckck lkgc dks fo/kku ifj"kn esa u vkus nsus ds fy, iwjsizcU/k dj fy, Fks vkSj dgk Fkk fd geus Mk0 vEcsMdj ds fy, fo/kku ifj"knesa vkus ds fy, reke jkLrs cUn dj fn, gSa] rc ckck lkgc us ;wjksfi;u oksVizkIr dj fo/kku ifj"kn esa vkuk pkgk rks xka/kh th us ;g vM+axk yxk;k fdcaxky vlSEcyh ds ;wjksfi;u lnL;ksa dks vius oksV nsus dk vf/kdkj ugha gSArc ckck lkgc ;ksxsUnzukFk eUMy vkSj eqfLye yhx dh lgk;rk ls vNwrksa dsizfrfuf/k fuokZfpr gksdj fo/kku ifj"kn esa vk lds FksA ¼i ` "B 141

thou la?k"kZ] ys[kd ftKklw½

ckck lkgc }kjk bLyke vkSj

eqlyekuksa dh iz'kalktgka eqlyekuksa us nfyr oxZ dh d+ne d+ne ij lgk;rk dh gS ogha

ckck lkgc us Hkh bLyke /keZ vkSj eqlyekuksa dh fny [kksydj iz'kalk dh gSAckck lkgc ;fn fdlh /keZ dks fny ls lcls T+;knk ilUn djrs Fks rks ogdsoy bLyke /keZ gh gSA vnkgj.k ds fy, mUgha ds 'kCn vkxs vafdr fd, tkjgs gSa&

^^bLyke /keZ vkSj bZlkbZ /keZ esa tks lekurk dh f'k{kk nh xbZ gS mldklEcU/k fo|k] /ku&nkSyr] vPNs diM+s vkSj cgknqjh ,sls okg~; dkj.kksa ls dqN Hkhugha gSA euq"; dk euq";Ro ¼bUlkfu;r½ ;gh lc ls egRoiq.kZ pht+ gSA ;g¼bUlkfu;r½ bLyke vkSj bZlkbZ /keZ dh cqfu;kn gS vkSj ;g bUlkfu;r lcdksekU; gksuh phfg,A fdlh dks vleku ugha ekuuk pkfg,A ;g f'k{kk os ¼bLykevkSj bZlkbZ½ /keZ nsrs gSaA** ¼i`"B 23½

^^/kkfeZd lEcU/k ds dkj.k rqdksaZ dk xBtksM+ vjcksa ls jgkA bLyke /keZdk la;ksx ekuork ds fy, cgqr izcy gS] ;g ckr lcdks Kkr gSA bLykehcU/kqRo dh n`<+rk dh izfr;ksfxrk dksbZ vU; lkekftd la?k ugha dj ldrkA**

¼ i`"B 244 ikfdLrku vFkok Hkkjr dk foHkktu ys[kd Mk0 vEcsMdj½

eqlyeku izxfr'khy gSa^^tgka eqlyeku viuh lkekftd dqjhfr;ks a dh dhpM+ esa Qaldj

iruksUeq[k gks jgs gSa vkSj cgqr gh #f<+oknh gSa ogka Hkkjr ds eqlyeku mucqjkb;ksa ls foeq[k gSa vkSj fgUnqvksa dh rqyuk esa os vf/kd izxfr'khy gSaA tks yksxeqfLye lekt dks vfr fudV ls tkurs gSa muds fy, mDr izHkko dk izlkjmUgsa vpjt esa Mky nsrk gSA** ¼ i`"B 253 ikfdLrku vFkok Hkkjr dk foHkktu*ys[kd Mk0 vEcsMdj½

mijksDr foospu ls Li"V gks x;k gS fd ckck lkgc Mk0 vEcsMdj



bLyke /keZ dks cM+s gh J)kHkko ls ns[krs FksA os bldh cqfu;kn bUlkfu;rekurs FksA os bLykeh la?k dks lalkj esa lqn`<+ HkkbZ&pkjs dk loZJs"B izrhd ,oaizxfr'khy la?k ekurs FksA fQj D;ksa u ge viuh ewy leL;k ds lek/kku dsfy, y{; dks izkIr djus esa iw.kZ :i ls l{ke] lkekftd nklrk dh csfM+;ksa dksdkVdj Qsadus ds fy, vkSj ckck lkgc Mk0 vEcsMdj ds liuksa dks lkdkjcukus ds fy, bLyke tSls I;kjs /keZ dks viuk,a ftlls fd lq[k] 'kkafr ,oale`f) dks izkIr dj ysa vkSj vius ijyksd dks Hkh lq/kkj ysaA vkb;s ge HkhbLyke dh 'khry Nk;k dh vksj py iM+saA

jk"Vªh;rk ds uke ij fgUnw yksx nfyr

oxZ dks /kks[kk ns ldrs gSaA ysfdu

eqlyekuksa dks ew[kZ ughs cuk ldrsAdqN yksx ckck lkgc dh ml mfDr dks lkeus j[kuk pkgsaxs ftlesa

amUgksaus dgk] crkrs gSa fd ^ge yksx ;fn bZlkbZ ;k bLyke /keZ Lohdkj djsaxs rksgekjh Hkkjrh;rk esa vUrj vk tk,xkA ;kn jf[k, /keZ ifjorZu ds lkFkjk"Vªh;rk esa dksbZ vUrj ugha vkrk gSA ;fn ,slk gh os ns'k Hkh lksp ysrs tgkads yksx vkt ckS) /keZ dks ekurs gSa rks ckS) /keZ fdlh Hkh vU; ns'kokfl;ksa usu viuk;k gksrk D;ksafd og muds ns'k esa iSnk gqvk /keZ ugha gSA** blLi"Vhdj.k ds lkFk gh bl izlax esa ckck dh gh ;g mfDr vf/kd ?;ku ;ksX;gS fd ^os ¼ lo.kZ fgUnw½ jk"Vªh;rk ds uke ij fgUnw fuEu oxZ ¼ nfyr oxZ ½dks/kks[kk ns ldrs gSa ijUrq viuk izHkqRo cuk, j[kus ds fy, os eqfLye {ks= dhviuk izHkqRo cuk, j[kus ds fy, os eqfLye {ks= dhviuk izHkqRo cuk, j[kus ds fy, os eqfLye {ks= dhviuk izHkqRo cuk, j[kus ds fy, os eqfLye {ks= dheqfLye turk dks ew[kZ ugha cuk ldrsA**eqfLye turk dks ew[kZ ugha cuk ldrsA**eqfLye turk dks ew[kZ ugha cuk ldrsA**eqfLye turk dks ew[kZ ugha cuk ldrsA** blds lkFk gh ogha ij mUgksaus ;g HkhLi"V fd;k gS fd fyadu dk ;g dFku lVhd gS fd reke le; lc yksxksa dksew[kZ cuk lduk laHko ugha gSA* ¼ i`"B 114&115 ikfdLrku vFkok Hkkjr dkfoHkktu* ys[kd Mk0 vEcsMdj] tqykbZ 1972 laLdj.k½

dqN yksxksa dk dguk gS fd bLyke foKku dks viuk 'k=q ekurk gSAijUrq ckck lkgc blds mÙkj esa dgrs gSa fd ;g lR; izrhr ugha gksrk D;ksafd;fn blesa ;FkkFkZrk gksrh rks txr ds vU; eqfLye ns'kksa esa ifjorZu] iwNrkN

rFkk lkekftd lq/kkj dh Hkkouk dh gypr D;ksa fn[kkbZ nsrh\**;fn bu eqfLye ns'kksa ds lkekftd lq/kkj esa bLyke us dksbZ O;o/kku ugha

Mkyk rks Hkkjrh; eqlyekuksa ds lq/kkjoknh ekxZ esa dksbZ ck/kk D;ksa iM+uh pkfg,\Hkkjr esa eqfLye tkfr dh mDr xfr'kwU;rk dk dksbZ fo'ks"k dkj.k vo'; gSA ogfo'ks"k dkj.k D;k gks ldrk gS\ esjh le> esa Hkjrh; eqlyekuksa esa mDr xfr'kwU;rk dk eq[; dkj.k mudh og fof'k"V fLFkfr gS ftl esa os jg jgs gSaA os,d ,sls lkekftd okrkoj.k esa jg jgs gSa tks eq[; :i ls fgUnw gS vkSj tksmu ij pqipki ijUrq n`<+rk iwoZd viuk izHkko Mky jgk gSA ¼ i`"B 267ikfdLrku vFkok Hkkjr dk foHkktu ys[kd Mk0 vEcsMdj½

eqlyekuksa esa Hkh tkfrokn gS\/keZkUrj ds jkLrs esa vkSj Hkh ,d vM+axk Mkyk tkrk gSA tkfr Hksn xzLr

gksdj /keZkUrj djus esa dqN Hkh ykHk ugha gSA bl izdkj dk ;qfDrokn dqN ew[kZfgUnw yksx gh djrs gSaA os rdZ nsrs gSa& dgha Hkh tkb;s ogka ij Hkh tkfr&Hksn ghgSA bZlkb;ksa esa Hkh tkfr Hksn gS vkSj eqlyekuksa esa HkhA vQ+lksl ls ;g ckrd+cwy djuh iM+rh gS fd bl ns'k ds vU; /keZ lektksa esa Hkh tkfrHksn dk izos'kgqvk gS fdUrq bl vijk/k ds vijk/kh fgUnw yksx gh gSaA ewy esa ;g jksx mUghals mRiUu gqvk gSA mldk lalxZ fQj vU; lektksa dks yxk gSA ;g mudh n`f"Vls ukd+kfcy ckr gSA bZlkbZ vkSj eqlyekuksa esa ;fn tkfr Hksn gS Hkh rc Hkh ogbZlkbZ vkSj eqlyekuksa esa ;fn tkfr Hksn gS Hkh rc Hkh ogbZlkbZ vkSj eqlyekuksa esa ;fn tkfr Hksn gS Hkh rc Hkh ogbZlkbZ vkSj eqlyekuksa esa ;fn tkfr Hksn gS Hkh rc Hkh ogtkfr Hksn fgUnqvksa ds tkfr Hksn tSlk gh gS] ;g dguk pksjksa dktkfr Hksn fgUnqvksa ds tkfr Hksn tSlk gh gS] ;g dguk pksjksa dktkfr Hksn fgUnqvksa ds tkfr Hksn tSlk gh gS] ;g dguk pksjksa dktkfr Hksn fgUnqvksa ds tkfr Hksn tSlk gh gS] ;g dguk pksjksa dkssss llllkkkkjjjjssss uuuutttt++++jjjj vvvvkkkkrrrrssss ggggSSSS aa aapksj* okyh ckr gSA pksj* okyh ckr gSA pksj* okyh ckr gSA pksj* okyh ckr gSA fgUnqvksa esa tkfrHksn vkSj eqfLye rFkk bZlkb;ksa esa tkfr Hksnbu nksuksa esa cgqr cM+k vUrj gSA lcls igys rks ;g ckr /;ku esa j[kuh gksxhfd eqlyekuksa vkSj bZlkb;ksa esa tkfr Hksn gksus ij Hkh og muds lekt dk izeq[kvax ugha gSA fgUnqvksa dks NksM+dj ;fn nwljksa ls vki ;g iwNrs gSa fd vki dkSugSa rks os dgsaxs& eSa eqlyeku gwa ] ;k bZlkbZ gwaA bruk gh mÙkj feyus ijlcdk] eryc mÙkj nsus okys dk vkSj iz'u iwNus okys dk lek/kku gks tk,xkArsjh tkfr D;k gS\ ;g iqNus dh ;k crkus dh fdlh dks Hkh vko';drk ugha gSAfdUrq ;fn vki fdlh fgUnw ls iwNrs gSa&^^rqe dkSu gks\** rks og mÙkj nsrk gSfd eSa fgUnw gw¡* rks blls fdlh dk Hkh lek/kku gksus okyk ugha gSA u rks iz'uiwNus okys dk vkSj u gh mÙkj nsus okkys dkA fQj iz'u iwNk tkrk gS fd



rqRgkjh tkfr D;k gS\ tc rd og viuh tkfr dk uke u crk, fdlh dks Hkhmldh okLrfod fLFkfr dk irk ugha pysxkA blls ;g Li"V gks tkrk gS fdfgUnw lekt esa tkfr&ikfr dks fdruh iz/kkurk nh xbZ gS vkSj bZlkbZ vkSj eqfLyelekt esa tkfr dks fdruk xkS.k LFkku fn;k x;k gSA ;g ckr Li"V gks tkrh gSA¼i`"B 46½

blds vfrfjDr fgUnw vkSj vU; lektksa esa vkSj Hkh ,d egRoiw.kZ Q+d+ZgSA fgUnqvksa ds tkfr Hksn ds ewy esa Lo;a mudk fgUnw /keZ gSA eqfLye vkSjbZlkb;ksa ds tkfr Hksn ds ewy esa muds /keZ dh LFkiuk ugha gSA fgUnqvksa esa tkfrHksn lekIr djus esa mudk /keZ blesa vM+axk cu tkrk gS fdUrq bZlkbZ vkSjeqlyeku yksxkas us viuk vkil dk tkfr Hksn u"V djus dk iz;kl fd;k rksmudk /keZ blesa vM+axk ugha curk cfYd mudk /keZ tkfr Hksn dks grksRlkfgrdjrk gSA fgUnqvksa dks vius /keZ dk fo/oal fd, fcuk tkfr fo/oal djuklEHko ugha gSA eqfLyeksa vkSj bZlkb;ksa dks tkfr fo/oal djus ds fy, viuk /keZfo/oal djus dh dksbZ vko';drk ugha gSA tkfr fo/oal ds dke esa mudk /keZvM+axk cuus okyk ugha gSA tkfr Hksn lc esa vkSj lHkh vksj gS] ;g d+qcwy djusij Hkh fgUnw /keZ esa gh jgks] ,slk fu"d"kZ ugha fudkyk tk ldrk A tkfr Hksn;g phT+k ;fn cqjh gS rks ftl lekt esa tkus ij tkfr Hksn dh rhczrk] tkfrHksn dk fouk'k] 'kh?kz] lgtrk ls vkSj ewy :i ls u"V fd;k tk ldrk gS] ;ghokLro esa rdZ fl) fl)kUr gS] ,slk ekuuk iM+sxkA

i"B 46&47;|fi mijksDr foospu ls Li"V gks pqdk gS fd eqlyekuksa esa tkfr&ikfr

dsoy lqfo/kk ds fy, gSA bZ";kZ] }s"k ;k ?k`.kk ds fy, ughaA fQj Hkh ;fn blsnks"k ds :i esa ysa rks eqlyekuksa esa tkfrokn bruk xgjk ugha ftruk fgUnqvksa esatkfrokn muds /keZ dk vfHkUu vax gSA

vR;ar xaHkhjrk ls lspus dh ckr ;g gS fd D;k flQ+Z tkfrokn ghgedks ijs'kku dj jgk gS\ ,slh ckr fcYdqy fujk/kkj gSA dsoy tkfrokn ghfdlh dks ijs'kku ugha dj ldrkA ;fn gekjs yksxksa dks pekj dgk gksrk vkSjgesa iwjh eqgCcr vkSj bT+t+r nh gksrh rks gesa D;k ijs'kkuh Fkh\ ;fn dsoytkfrokn gh ijs'kku djus okyk gks rks lo.kZ fgUnqvksa esa Hkh rks vyx&vyxtkfr;ka gSa vkSj ;gka rd fd mudh Hkh 'kkfn;ka vkil esa ,d nwljh tkfr;ksa esa

ugha gksrh gSaA ,slk gksus ij Hkh crkb;s czkã.k ls {kf=; ;k oS'; dgka ijs'kkugSa\ ;k {kf=; ls czkã.k vkSj oS'; dgka nq[kh gSa\ vkfn vkfnA cfYd czkã.k{kf=; vkSj oS'; rks csgn lkSgknZ] izse ,oa lg;ksx ds lkFk jgrs gSaA

Lo;a viuh rjQ+ nsf[k;s& nfyr oxZ esa Hkh rks vusd tkfr;ksa gSa vkSjmuesa Hkh ,d nwljs esa 'kkfn;ka ugha gksrh gSaA mlds ckotwn Hkh crkb;s Hkaxhpekj ls dgka ijs'kku gSa\ pekj] Hkaxh ls ;k [kVhd ls dgka ijs'kku gSa\ jSxjpekj ls ;k /kud ls dgka ijs'kku gSa \ dgus dk rkRi;Z ;g gS fd dsoyvux&vyx tkfr;ka gksus ls gh dksbZ ijs'kku ugha gSaA dsoy vki pekj tkfrdks gh ns[k ysaA blesa Hkh dbZ tkfr;ka cu xbZ gSa vkSj ;gka rd fd buesa Hkhvkil esa 'kkfn;ka ugha gksrh gSaA peM+k jaxus okys pekj ds lkFk ukSdjh is'kk ;k[ksrh djus okyk pekj dHkh 'kknh&lEcU/k ugha djrk gSA ysfdu ;fn peM+kjaxus okys pekj ij dksbZ T+kqYe <k;k tkrk gS rks ukSdjh is'ks okyk pekjO;kdqy gks mBrk gS vkSj mldh lkeF;Z vuqlkj lgk;rk ds fy, Hkh rS;kjjgrk gSA Bhd blh izdkj ;fn ukSdjh ;k [ksrh djus okys pekj ij dksbZ T+kqYe;k vR;kpkj gksrk gS rks peM+k jaxus okyk pekj vkSj vU; pekj cgqr nq[khgksrs gSa vkSj mls vius Åij gqvk T+kqYe vkSj vR;kpkj le>rs gSaA ,slk D;kgksrk gS fd mu esa vkil esa ?k`.kk] bZ";kZ ;k }s"k ugha gS cfYd mlds LFkku ijI;kj] Ykxko o lgkuqHkwfr gSA

dqN HkkbZ bl izdkj dh 'kadk iSnk djus yxrs gSa fd /kekZUrj.k ds cknpkfg, fd lcls igys rks eqlyeku gh C;kg 'kkfn;ksa dsfy, rS;kj jgrs gSa vkSjlfn;ksa ls Hkkjrh; eqfLye lekt esa ;g flyflyk tkjh gSA nqljs ge vkil esaHkh rks fj'rs dk ldrs gSaA

eqlyeku esa tc fdlh c<+bZ] yqgkj ;k lD+d+s ds csVs dh ckjkr lt&/ktdj 'kku ls fudkyh tkrh gS rks dksbZ Hkh 'kS[+k] lS;n] eqx+y ;k iBku mlesack/kk ugha Mkyrk gS ysfdu fgUnqvksa esa ;fn fdlh pekj ;k Hkaxh ds csVs dhckjkr lt&/kt dj fudkyh tkrh gS rks mlesa fo?u Mkyk tkrk gS] mu ijiRFkj Qsads tkrs gSa] dgha mUgsa ihVk tkrk gS] vkSj dgha mudks fT+kank tyk fn;ktkrk gSA dQyVk esa nqYgs ds ?kksM+h ij p<+s gksus ds dkj.k gh 14 ckjkfr;ksa dksfT+kUnk tyk fn;k x;k FkkA rkRi;Z ;g gS fd eqlyekuksa esa tkfr ds uke ij?k`.kk] }s"k ;k bZ";kZ ugha gS tc fd fgUnqvksa esa tkfr ds uke ij gels ?k`.kk] }s"k



vkSj bZ";kZ gS ftl dh otg ls ge ij rjg rjg ds vR;kpkj fd;s tkrs gSaAvR;kpkjks a ds ml flyflys dks dsoy bLyke gh lekIr dj ldrk gSAeqlyeku gksdj O;FkZ dh ?k`.kk] }s"k o vR;kpkjksa ls cpk tk ldrk gS] tksgekjh ewy leL;k gSA

bLyke dh izeq[k f'k{kk,a� bZ'oj ,d gS] mldk dksbZ lk>h ughaA og vdsyk gS] mlds flok

dksbZ iwT; ughaA og vR;ar Ñik'khy vkSj n;koku~ gSA

� bZ'oj vius cUnksa ds izfr bruk mnkj gS fd mudh x+yfr;ksa vkSjHkwyksa dks {kek dj nsrk gS c'krsZ fd os mldh vksj #tw djsaAxqukgxkj vkSj ikih Hkh ;fn i'pkrki izdV djds ifo= thoudh izfrKk djrk gS rks ml ij Hkh bZ'oj n;k djrk gSA

� ftuyksxksa us bZ'oj dk Hk; j[kk vkSj ijgsT+kxkjh dk thoufcrk;k muds fy, LoxZ gSA vkSj ftUgksaus bZ'oj dk bUdkj fd;kvkSu ljd'kh dk thou fcrk;k mudk fBdkuk fuf'pr :i lsujd gSA

� tks O;fDr >wB u cksys] oknk djds u rksM+s] vekur esa [+k;kuru djs] vka[ksa uhph j[ks] xqIr vaxksa dh j{kk djs vkSj vius gkFkdks nwljsa dks nq[k vkSj d"V igqapkus ls jksds] og tUur esatk,xkA

� ?keaM ls cpksA ?keaM gh og iki gS ftlus lcls igys 'kSrku dksrckg fd;kA

� vkil esa Ny&diV vkSj cSj u j[kksA Mkg vkSj bZ";kZ u djks]ihB ihNs fdlh dh cqjkbZ u djksA rqe lc HkkbZ HkkbZ gksA

� 'kjkc dHkh u fi;ksA

� tho&tUrqvksa dks vdkj.k er ekjksA

� ekrk&firk ds lkFk vPNk O;ogkj djksA eka&cki dh [+kq'kh esabZ'oj dh [+kq'kh gSA

� cky&cPpksa dh vPNh ns[k Hkky djks vkSj mudks vPNh f'k{kk nksA

� fdlh bUlku dks fdlh ij dksbZ Js"Brk izkIr ugha gSA gka] ogbUlku loZJs"B gS ftlds deZ vPNs gSaA pkgs mldk lEcU/kfdlh Hkh ns'k vFkok lEiznk; ls gksA

� C;kt [kkuk vkSj C;kt dk dkjksckj gjke ¼voS/k½ gSA

� uki&rkSy esa deh u djksA

� lcds lkFk U;k; djks] pkgs rqEgkjs fj'rsnkj gks ;k nq'euA

� vxj dksbZ fdlh balku dks ukgd+ d+Ry djrk gS rks ekuks mluslkjs balkuksa dh gR;k dj nhA vkSj vxj dksbZ fdlh balku dhtku cpkrk gS rks ekuks mlus lkjs balkuksa dks ft+Unxh c[+'khA

� lQ+kbZ lqFkjkbZ vk/kk bZeku gSA

� og vkneh eqlyeku ugha tks [+kqn rks isV Hkj [kk, vkSj mldkiM+kslh Hkw[kk jgsA

� lkjs balkuksa dks ejus ds ckn [+kqnk ds lkeus gkfT+kj gksuk gS vkSjvius deksaZ dk fglkc nsuk gSA ;g nqfu;k rks bfErgku dh txggSA

� [+kqnk balkuksa ds ekxZn'kZu ds fy, vius iSx+Ecj Hkstrk jgk gSvkSj vUr esa gt+jr eqgEen ¼lYy0½ dks viuk vkf[+kjh iSx+Ecjcukdj Hkstk gSA jgrh nqfu;k rd lkjs balkuksa ds fy, T+k:jh gSfd gt+jr eqvEen ¼lYy0½ dk vuqlj.k djsaA

� d+qjvku vYykg dh Hksth gqbZ fdrkc gS tks gt+jr eqvEen¼lYy0½ ds t+fj;s leLr balkuksa dh jguqekbZ ds fy, Hksth x;hAblesa iwjh ft+Unxh ds fy, fgnk;rsa nh xbZ gSaA

� tkfr] jax] Hkk"kk] {ks=] jk"Vª] jk"Vªh;rk ds vk/kj ij fgdlh dslkFk Å¡p&uhp] NwrNkr] HksnHkko vkSj i{kikr dk O;ogkj udjksA

� x+yr rjhds ls nwljsa dk eky u [kkvksA gyky ¼oS/k½ dekbZ djksA'''/'''


baba ambedkar aur islam[hindi book]

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