baca national wildlife refuge floristic inventory 2012

Baca National Wildlife Refuge Floristic Inventory 2012, 2013

Saguache County, Colorado

Prepared by Denver Botanic Gardens

Research and Conservation Department

January 1, 2014

Baca National Wildlife Refuge Floristic Inventory

2012, 2013

By Denver Botanic Gardens’ Research & Conservation Department

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Introduction 1

Plant Collection 1

Floristic Summary 2

Areas of Note 3

Noteworthy Species 7

References 12

Species List 13

Contact Information

Pam Regensberg

Kathryn Kalmbach Herbarium Curatorial Assistant

720-865-3561, [email protected]

Melissa Islam

Associated Director of Research & Head Curator of Gardens’ Herbaria

720-865-3589, [email protected]

Denver Botanic Gardens – Research & Conservation Department

909 York Street

Denver, CO 80206

Baca NWR Floristic Inventory, p. 1

Figure 1. Each circle represents a collecting site.

2006 – green; 2012 – yellow; 2013 – red.

INTRODUCTION

Denver Botanic Gardens undertook a floristic inventory of the Baca National Wildlife Refuge in 2012 and

2013 to build on Pam Regensberg’s 2006 inventory of the refuge. Our recent inventory combined with the

earlier inventory (Regensberg 2007) should provide land managers a plant diversity baseline for the

refuge. Regensberg (2007) provides thorough and detailed descriptions of climate, geology, soils, water

resources and the vegetation communities on the refuge. Therefore, we will not repeat that information in

this report but rather focus on areas of note or noteworthy species of particular interest based on recent

field work. We also provide an updated species list available in multiple formats including an online

checklist, which is the most valuable for helping identify species on the property.

PLANT COLLECTION

Surveys of the property were led by Melissa Islam and

Pam Regensberg. We conducted two site visits each year

and targeted the most species rich areas of the refuge,

areas not previously collected, and several areas

recommended by Ron Garcia (USFWS) and Corinna

Hanson (USFWS) (Fig. 1). Figure one is provided

electronically with this report as a kml file (Google

Earth) with locality, species name, year collected, and

habitat for each specimen. Individual plants or parts of

plants were collected to document plant occurrences.

Only plants that exhibited those characters required for

identification were collected. Below these collections

are referred to as specimens.

We along with several volunteers collected approximately 404 specimens. We identified plants by using a

variety of floras, including Colorado Flora Eastern Slope (Weber & Whittmann 2012), Intermountain

Flora (Holmgren & Holmgren 1972+), Flora of North America (FNA 1993+), and The Flora of Colorado

(Ackerfield 2013). For scientific nomenclature, we generally used Checklist of Vascular Plants of the

Southern Rocky Mountain Region (Snow 2009) or Ackerfield (2013). For common names, we followed

United States Department of Agriculture Plants Database (plants.usda.gov).

All specimens have been or will be deposited at the Kathryn Kalmbach Herbarium (KHD). Duplicates

were or will be sent to the University of Colorado Herbarium (Boulder). An image of each specimen and


accompanying label data for all 2012 and 2013 specimens may be accessed, mapped, and downloaded

electronically from SEINet (http://swbiodiversity.org). Physical specimens may be viewed at KHD,

Denver Botanic Gardens, 909 York Street, Denver, Colorado, 80206.

FLORISTIC SUMMARY

To provide an accurate summary of species diversity, we combined collections from 2012 and 2013 with

the 2006 collections (Regensberg 2007). Sixty-five plant families were documented on the refuge. Most

of those families (90%) are represented by less than ten species. The six families with the highest species

diversity are Amaranthaceae, Asteraceae, Brassicaceae, Cyperaceae, Fabaceae, and Poaceae (Fig. 2). A

total of 320 species were documented as occurring on the refuge. Regensberg (2007) documented nearly

80% (251) of those species. We added an additional 47 new species in 2012 and 21 new species in 2013.

About 75% of the species are native. Of the non-native species 16 are on the noxious species list (see

species list).

Figure 2. Number of species are charted for the six most species diverse plant families on the refuge.

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

# species


AREAS OF NOTE

For a thorough assessment and description of plant communities see Regensberg (2007). Here we

describe particular unique areas on the refuge within known plant communities.

Ephemeral Wetland

Location. Ca. 3.7 miles west southwest of Crestone and 0.5 miles

south of County Road T off the old Baca Grande Airport Road.

37.98109, -105.76749 (WGS84). Fig. 3.

Crestone Creek widens into this small ephemeral wetland with

deep channels just west of where Baca Grande Airport Road

crosses the creek. The wetland though small is rich with many

native aquatic and emergent plant species, including Carex pellita,

C. utriculata, Saggitaria cuneata, Juncus arcticus var. balticus

(dominant throughout the refuge), Alisma triviale, and Ranunculus

aquatilis. Unfortunately, Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense) colonies are also abundant at this site and

unless eradicated will crowd out the native vegetation and reduce overall species diversity.

Stabilized Dunes

The stabilized dunes on the eastern side of the refuge represent native intact communities with few if any

non-natives. Ericameria nauseosus var. oreophila (synonym Chrysothamnus nauseosus ssp. consimilis) is

the dominant cover intermixed with a variety of grasses and herbs, including Tripterocalyx micranthus,

Machaeranthera spp., Achnatherum hymenoides, Astragalus ceramicus, Yucca glauca, and many other

species with a patchy distributions. Stabilized dunes just south of the old headquarters on the eastern edge

Figure 4. Ephemeral wetland.

Figure 3. Location of ephemeral wetland.


Figure 5. Stabilized dune. Top-overview. Left- Tripterocalyx micranthus. Right- Astragalus ceramicus.

of the refuge include larger populations of non-natives. Non-natives become more scarce about one and

half miles south of County Road T.


Deadman’s Camp Wetland

Location. Ca. 11.5 air miles south, southwest of Crestone. Heading to Antelope Springs, just north of

internal gate at flowing well. 37.844115, -105.786135 (WGS84).

The flowing well at Deadman’s Camp creates a large, shallow wetland surrounded by stabilized dunes.

Common species in the alkaline areas bordering the water’s edge are Spartina gracilis, Distichlis stricta,

Salsola australi, Suaeda calceoliformis, and Cleome multicaulis (G2G3/S2S3). Within the water,

Eleocharis palustris creates large, dominant colonies intermingled with Bidens cernua and Hordeum

jubatum. Sarcobatus vermiculatus, rabbitbrush and Baltic rush are in the sandier, upland areas nearby. In

2012, Aliciella micromeria was abundant on the salt-crusted sand but was not present in 2013.

Figure 6. Deadman’s Camp wetland. Top-Overview. Left-Cleome multicaulis. Right- Aliciella micromeria.

Inset- Aliciella micromeria flower.


Antelope Springs Wetland.

Location: Ca. 12 air miles south, southwest of

Crestone. Antelope Springs well ca. 1.2 miles west of

eastern edge of refuge. Ditch ca. 350’ north of

Antelope Springs well. 37.830718, -105.740569

(WGS84). Fig. 7.

Water from Antelope Springs enters into a narrow,

shallow channel with native aquatic and emergent

plant species. Lemna minor, Zannichellia palustris,

Mimulus glabratus, and Schoenoplectus pungens

occupy the water and the banks of the channel. Carex

simulata, Spartina gracilis and Deschampsia caespitosa occur on the drier banks of the channel. The

surrounding uplands above the ditch are dominated by rabbitbrush and Sarcobatus vermiculatus

interspersed with Baltic rush and various native grasses.

Figure 7. Location of Antelope Springs Wetland.

Figure 8. Ditch near Antelope Springs Wetland.


NOTEWORTHY SPECIES

Aliciella micromeria (dainty gilia, Fig. 6) is an annual herb in the Phlox plant family. The species prefers

alkaline and sandy soils. We collected this species only twice on the refuge (M. Islam 12-266 and P.

Regensberg 1522), and the two collections are nearly eight miles apart despite plenty of potential habitat.

Given the species is an annual with a tumbleweed-like seed dispersal mechanism, the species is likely to

occur in many other areas of the refuge.

Our first collection in 2012 (M. Islam 12-266) is the first known collection of this species in Saguache

County making it a county record. Additionally, Regensberg’s collection (1522) in 2013 is only the

second known collection of this species in Alamosa County and the fifth in the state. The first known

collection in Alamosa County was June 1921 (I.W. Clokey #4248, University of Colorado Herbarium).

Chrysothamnus greenei (Green’s rabbitbrush) is a small, woody shrub – up to 50 cm – that branches

from the base. It prefers open, dry areas with sandy to gravelly soils. Because Chrysothamnus greenei

resembles the larger rabbitbrush that dominates the stabilized dunes, this species is easily overlooked and

likely under collected. In general, the shrub has been collected only on the periphery of the valley floor,

with the exception of a collection made east of Alamosa. We collected this species at the very eastern

edge of the refuge border near Crestone Creek.

Cleome multicaulis (slender spiderflower, Fig. 6) is an annual herb restricted to saline or alkaline soils

that sustain periodic disturbances, specifically in wet meadows and the alkaline flats within the refuge.

Midway between Deadman’s Camp Wetland and Antelope Springs Wetland, an extensive population of

C. multicaulis occurs. Hundreds, perhaps thousands, of individuals occupy a salt-crusted depression fed

by Antelope Springs. Associated species include Cleome serrulata, Pyrrocoma lanceolata, Atriplex wolfii

and Crepis runcinata, which are all plants with some salt tolerance.

Elsewhere, C. multicaulis occurs in scattered, isolated populations in Central Mexico, Arizona, New

Mexico, Texas and Wyoming. The populations observed on the refuge in 2012 and 2013 are healthy and

in some cases widespread. Continued protection of these populations is critical to survival of the species

which has been extirpated from much of its original range. In Colorado, Cleome multicaulis is considered

imperiled (CNHP 2013), whereas it is critically imperiled in the other states and is thought to be

extirpated from New Mexico.


Ericameria nauseosus var. oreophila (synonym Chrysothamnus nauseosus ssp. consimilis; rubber

rabbitbrush) is a perennial shrub and the dominant vegetation in sandy, dry areas throughout the refuge.

This species is extremely variable in overall morphology including size, coloring (green-blue), and degree

of pubescence. In 2013, we collected material from six individuals that captured this variation, and all six

individuals were confirmed as E. nauseosus var. oreophila. When added with previous collections (2,

2006; 1, 2013), we are confident that the dominant rabbitbrush on the refuge is this variety under the

current taxonomic understanding of this complex species.

Lupinus kingii (King’s lupine) is an annual or biennial herb that stands no more than 20 cm tall. This

species was documented on the refuge in sandy, open areas. We typically observed a solitary individual or

with one or two other individuals. Lupinus kingii contains the alkaloid d-lupanine, which is considered

one of the most toxic of the lupine alkaloids (FDA Poisonous Plant Database).

Figure 9. Lupinus kingii.


Nama dichotomum (wishbone fiddleleaf) is an annual herb – no more than 15 cm tall – in the Waterleaf

family. On the refuge, this species is confined to sand and gravel bars along the upper portions of the

more northerly creeks. We have typically observed either singletons or clusters of a few plants, and the

species was observed in 2006, 2012, and 2013. Nama dichotomum occurs in west, southwest of North

America including the southern counties of Colorado, which is the northern most extent of this species’

range. Until the last decade, the wishbone fiddleleaf was not known to occur on Colorado’s eastern slope.

Several recent collections, including those at the refuge, have documented a number of populations on

Colorado’s eastern slope.

Figure. 10. Nama dichotomum.


Sphaerophysa salsula (swainsonpea) is a perennial, rhizomatous species on Colorado’s noxious weed

Watch List. The species has not been placed on one of the main lists because distribution is not well-

understood. On the refuge, we have observed populations of this species spreading. In 2006 and 2012, we

primarily observed this species confined to the road margins particularly of the gravel BOR roads. In

2013, we observed populations expanding outside the margins of the road, along non-BOR refuge roads

as well as into the wet meadows.

Zannichellia palustris (horned pondweed) is a perennial, underwater plant that has worldwide

distribution. This species is commonly found in shallow bodies of freshwater or in somewhat alkaline

bodies of water. On the refuge, we documented this species at White Ranch and Antelope Springs.

Zannichellia palustris is a very important species for wildlife. Birds eat the banana-shaped or okra-shaped

fruits and sometimes the entire plant. In addition, Z. palustris grows in dense, underwater thicket-like

patches that provide cover and habitat for aquatic life.

Figure 11. Sphaerophysa salsula.


Montane/Subalpine plants.

The refuge lies below 8000 feet elevation in a high mountain desert ecosystem. In Colorado, 8,000 feet

typically separates the montane from grasslands/shrublands. However, we have documented at least a

handful of plants on the refuge, which are commonly associated with montane and subalpine ecosystems.

Both these ecosystems offer plants more water than most areas of the San Louis Valley so it is surprising

that these species occur on the refuge. The refuge’s protected wetlands and wet meadows likely allow for

protection of these plants at the limit of their range.

Potentialla anserina (synonym Argentina anserina, Silverweed cinquefoil) is common and widespread in

the wet meadows on the refuge. In contrast, the following five species occur rarely and in riparian areas

on the refuge, Cirsium parryi, Campanula parryi, Oxytropis deflexa var. sericea, Deschampsia

caespitosa, Pedicularis crenulata.

Figure 12. Pedicularis crenulata.


REFERENCES

Ackerfield, J. 2013. The Flora of Colorado Draft. Self-published.

CNHP. 2013. Cleome multicaulis. Colorado Rare Plant Guide. Fort Collins, CO: Colorado Natural

Heritage Program.

http://www.cnhp.colostate.edu/download/projects/rareplants/guide.asp?id=18080 {accessed

19.Sept.2013}.

Cronquist, A., N. H. Holmgren, P. K. Holmgren, R. C. Barneby and New York Botanical Garden. 1972+.

Intermountain flora: Vascular plants of the Intermountain West, U.S.A. New York: Published for

the New York Botanical Garden by Hafner Publishing Company.

Flora of North America Editorial Committee (FNA), eds. 1993+. Flora of North America North of

Mexico. 16+ vols. New York and Oxford.

Regensberg, P.L. 2007. A floristic survey of the Baca National Wildlife Refuge, San Luis Valley,

Colorado. Master’s Thesis, University of Colorado, Boulder. 61 pp.

Snow, N. 2009. Checklist of Vascular Plants of the Southern Rocky Mountain Region Version 3. 316 pp.

(http://www.conps.org/plant_lists.html)

Weber, W.A., and R.C. Whittmann. 2012. Colorado Flora Eastern Slope, A field guide to the vascular

plants. 4th edition. Boulder: University of Colorado Press.


BACA NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE SPECIES LIST

The list is organized by family, which is capitalized and bolded, followed by species within the

family listed alphabetically. Each species includes scientific name, common name, native or non-

native status, and if non-native and on the noxious weed list, which list, A, B, or C it’s listed in.

An excel spreadsheet is also provided with this report with the same information but in an easier

to use format.

A complete list of every specimen collected with habitat information and the scientific name is

available on SEINet (http://swbiodiversity.org/seinet/index.php). On SEINet’s homepage choose

‘Search Collections’, then check the box next to ‘Denver Botanic Gardens’ and click the ‘Next’

button. On the page that opens, type ‘Baca National Wildlife Refuge’ in the locality field. Any

changes that are made to the specimens such as nomenclatural changes (changing the scientific

name) will be updated online.

We also produced a checklist in SEINet. The checklist is the easiest way to identify plants

compared to what has been collected and quickly see several in-situ images of these species. On

SEINet’s homepage under ‘Flora Projects’ click on ‘Colorado’. A page with a list of checklists

will open. Click on the checklist titled “Baca National Wildlife Refuge Floristic Inventory”

(Baca National Wildlife Refuge Floristic Inventory). (Alternatively, you may click on the yellow

key icon next to the title to generate a dynamic key to help identify a species.) The online

checklist lists all the species we documented on the ranch. The list of species may be displayed

as pictures by checking the “Display as Images” box, and then rebuild list. Images for most

species will appear. Species names or images are linked to a page with more images and general

information about the species. The online checklist is linked to the our vouchered specimens

(check the box Notes & Vouchers), and any nomenclature changes will be updated

automatically.


SPECIES NAME COMMON NAME ORIGIN

(Noxious weed list) HABITAT

Aizoaceae

Sesuvium verrucosum Rafinesque verrucose seapurslane Non-native Infrequent in playa wetlands.

Alismataceae

Alisma triviale Pursh northern water plantain Native Infrequent in gently flowing ditches.

Sagittaria cuneata Sheldon arumleaf arrowhead Native Infrequent in gently flowing creeks.

Amaranthaceae

Amaranthus blitoides S. Watson Mat amaranth Native Common in dry, sandy and disturbed areas.

Amaranthus retroflexus L. Redroot amaranth Non-native Abundant in disturbed meadows.

Rhus aromatica Aiton ssp. trilobata (Nuttall ex Torrey & Gray) W. A. Weber

Skunkbush sumac Native Sandy, dry sites.

Atriplex argentea Nuttall Silverscale saltbush Native On wet creek banks.

Atriplex canescens (Pursh) Nuttall Fourwing saltbush Native Common in alkaline, dry areas; playas.

Atriplex heterosperma Bunge Twoscale saltbush Non-native Common on creek/ditch banks.

Atriplex wolfii S. Watson Wolf's saltweed Native Uncommon in sandy-rocky roadsides.

Chenopodium album L. Lambsquarters Non-native Uncommon in dry meadows.

Chenopodium atrovirens Rydberg Pinyon goosefoot Native Common in intermittingly wet meadows.

Chenopodium berlandieri ssp. zschackii (J. Murr) Zobel

Zschack's goosefoot Native Uncommon riparian areas.

Chenopodium fremontii S. Wats. Fremont's goosefoot Native Uncommon riparian areas.

Chenopodium glaucum var. salinum (Standl.) Boivin Rocky Mountain goosefoot Native Ericameria shrublands.

Chenopodium leptophyllum (Nuttall ex Moquin) S. Watson

Narrowleaf goosefoot Native Common in sandy, dry meadows.

Chenopodium pratericola Rydb. Desert goosefoot Native In Ericameria shrubland on stabilized dunes.

Corispermum villosum Rydb. Hairy bugseed Native Frequent on sand dunes in Ericameria-Sarcobatus shrubland and along sandy roadsides.

Cycloloma atriplicifolium (Spreng.) Coult. Winged pigweed Native Common on sand dunes in Ericameria-Sarcobatus shrubland.

Halogeton glomeratus (Bieberstein) C. A. Meyer Saltlover Non-native (C) Abundant in playas.

Kochia scoparia (L.) Schrad. Mock cypress Non-native Common in dry-to-wet, disturbed areas.


Krascheninnikovia lanata (Pursh) Meeuse & Smit Winterfat Native Uncommon in dry, sandy areas.

Salsola australis R. Brown Prickly Russian thistle Non-native Common in dry, sandy and disturbed areas.

Salsola collina Pallas Slender Russian thistle Non-native Common in dry, sandy and disturbed areas.

Suaeda calceoliformis (Hooker) Moquin Pursh seepweed Native Abundant in playas and playa edges.

Teloxys graveolens (Willdenow) W. A. Weber Fetid goosefoot Non-native Uncommon in dry areas.

Amaryllidaceae

Allium cernuum Roth nodding onion Native Infrequent in intermittingly wet meadows, with sandy soil.

Allium geyeri S. Watson Geyer's onion Native Infrequent in intermittingly wet meadows, with sandy soil.

Apiaceae

Conioselinum scopulorum (A. Gray) Coult. & Rose Rocky Mountain hemlockparsley

Native Infrequent in riparian areas.

Heracleum sphondylium L. ssp. montanum (Schleich. ex Gaudin) Briq. in Schinz & Thellung

Common cowparsnip Native Infrequent in riparian areas and wet meadows.

Sium suave Walter Hemlock waterparsnip Native Infrequent in riparian areas and wet meadows.

Apocynaceae

Asclepias speciosa Torrey Showy milkweed Native Common in disturbed areas and along roadways.

Araceae

Lemna minor L. Common duckweed Native In gently flowing creeks.

Asparagaceae

Asparagus officinalis L. Garden asparagus Non-native Infrequent in moist sites.

Maianthemum stellatum (L.) Link Starry false lily of the valley

Native In wet areas, along creeks and ditches.

Yucca glauca Nuttall in Fraser soapweed yucca Native Abundant in sandy, dry sites.

Asteraceae

Achillea millefolium L. Common yarrow Native Common in dry-to-moist areas.

Acroptilon repens (L.) De Candolle Russian knapweed Non-native (B) Abundant and spreading on northwest side of refuge.

Agoseris glauca (Pursh) Rafinesque Pale agoseris Native Uncommon in intermittingly wet meadows.

Almutaster pauciflorus (Nuttall) Löve & Löve Alkali marsh aster Native Common on sandy roadsides.


Ambrosia acanthicarpa Hooker Flatspine bur ragweed Native Common in dry, disturbed sites.

Antennaria microphylla Rydberg Littleleaf pussytoes Native Uncommon along moist creek banks.

Arctium minus (J. Hill) Bernhardi Lesser burdock Non-native (C) Common in riparian areas.

Artemisia biennis Willdenow Bienniel wormwood Native Infrequent along dry, sandy roadways.

Artemisia frigida Willdenow Prairie sagewort Native Common in dry, sandy areas.

Artemisia ludoviciana Nuttall ssp. ludoviciana White sagebrush Native Common in dry, sandy areas.

Bahia dissecta (A. Gray) Britt. Cutleaf Native Riparian areas.

Bidens cernua L. Nodding beggartick Non-native Uncommon in gently flowing creek.

Bidens tenuisecta A. Gray Slimlobe beggarticks Native Riparian areas.

Chrysothamnus greenei (A. Gray) Greene Greene's rabbitbrush Native In Ericameria shrubland on stabilized dunes, may be common but easily overlooked.

Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. Canada thistle Non-native (B) Uncommon in wet areas near creeks.

Cirsium canescens Nuttall Prairie thistle Native Uncommon. Scattered in dry, sandy areas.

Cirsium parryi (A. Gray) Petrak Parry's thistle Native Infrequent. In moist areas along creeks.

Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronquist Canadian horseweed Non-native Uncommon in dry, sandy-rocky soils.

Crepis runcinata (E. James) Torr. & Gray Fiddleleaf hawk's-beard Native Uncommon in wet meadow used as pastures.

Dieteria biglovii (A. Gary) D.R. Morgan & R.L. Hartm.

Purple Aster Native Stabilized dunes with Ericameria.

Ericameria nauseosus (Pallas ex Pursh) Nesom & Baird var. oreophila (A. Nels.) Nesom & Baird

Rubber rabbitbrush Native Dominant vegetation in sandy, dry areas throughout refuge.

Erigeron divergens Torrey & Gray Running fleabane Native Common in sandy sites.

Erigeron flagellaris A. Gray Trailing fleabane Native Uncommon in intermittingly wet meadows.

Erigeron formosissimus Greene Beautiful fleabane Native Uncommon in sandy soils along creeks or ditches.

Erigeron glabellus Nuttall Streamside fleabane Native Uncommon in wet meadows and near creeks.

Gnaphalium palustre Nuttall Western marsh cudweed Native Infrequent on creek banks.

Gnaphalium uliginosum L. Marsh cudweed Native Infrequent on creek banks.

Helianthus nuttallii Torrey & Gray Nuttall's sunflower Native Common in riparian areas.

Helianthus petiolaris Nuttall Prairie sunflower Native Abundant in sandy, dry areas.

Heterotheca villosa (Pursh) Shinners Hairy false goldenaster Native Uncommon in dry, sandy areas.


Hymenopappus filifolius Hooker var. cinereus (Rydberg) I. M. Johnston

Fineleaf hymenopappus Native Infrequent in dry, sandy areas.

Iva axillaris Pursh Povertyweed Native Common in alkaline, dry areas.

Lactuca tatarica (L.) C. A. Meyer ssp. pulchella (Pursh) Stebbins

Blue lettuce Native Uncommon on sandy-rocky roadside depressions.

Ligularia bigelovii (A. Gray) W. A. Weber var. hallii (A. Gray) W. A. Weber

Hall's ragwort Native Common in riparian areas.

Lygodesmia juncea (Pursh) D. Don Rush skeletonplant Native Abundant in dry, sandy areas.

Machaeranthera canescens (Pursh) A. Gray Fall tansyaster Native Common in disturbed, alkaline areas.

Machaeranthera parviflora A. Gray Smallflower tansyaster Native Abundant late season in disturbed, alkaline roadsides.

Machaeranthera tanacetifolia (Humboldt, Bonpland, & Kunth) Nees

Tanseyleaf tansyaster Native Common in dry sandy, meadows.

Packera pseudaurea (Rydberg) Weber & Löve Falsegold Native Abundant in waterlogged soils along ditch.

Packera tridenticulata (Rydberg) Weber & Löve Threetooth ragwort Native Abundant but scattered in dry, sandy meadows.

Pyrrocoma lanceolata (Hooker) Greene Lanceleaf goldenweed Native Infrequent on rocky, disturbed roadsides.

Rudbeckia hirta L. Blackeyed Susan Native Common near creek banks.

Schkuhria multiflora Hook. & Arn. Manyflower false threadleaf

Native Frequent in weedy, disturbed areas including riparian areas.

Senecio eremophius Richards. var. kingii (Rydb.) Greenm.

Cut-leaved groundsel Native Riparian areas.

Senecio multicapitatus Greenman in Rydberg Broomlike ragwort Native Abundant in sandy, dry areas.

Senecio spartioides Torr. & A. Gray Broom groundsel Native Common on sandy soil along roadsides.

Solidago canadensis L. Canada goldenrod Native Uncommon along moist creek banks.

Solidago missouriensis Nutt. Missouri goldenrod Native Infrequent in riparian areas.

Sonchus asper (L.) J. Hill Spiny sowthistle Non-native Common in wet meadows.

Sonchus oleraceus L. Common sowthistle Non-native Weedy pastures.

Sonchus uliginosus Bieberstein Moist sowthistle Non-native Common in wet meadows.

Symphyotrichum ascendens (Lindl.) G.L. Nesom Western aster Native Uncommon in dry, sandy meadows and in riparian areas.

Symphyotrichum ericoides (L.) G.L. Nesom White heath aster Native Stabilized sand dunes in Ericameria - Sarcobatus shrubland.

Symphyotrichum falcatum (Lindley) Nesom White prairie aster Native Common in dry meadows.

Symphyotrichum frondosum (Nutt.) G.L. Nesom Leafy rayless aster Native Uncommon, near flowing wells.


Symphyotrichum lanceolatum (Willd.) G.L. Nesom var. hesperium (A. Gray) Nesom

White panicle aster Native Common in most sites and along creeks and ditches.

Taraxacum officinale G. H. Weber ex Wiggers Common dandelion Non-native Infrequent in wet meadow used as pasture.

Tetradymia canescens DC. Common horsebrush Native Dunes in Ericameria shrubland.

Tragopogon dubius Scopoli ssp. major (Jacquin) Vollmann

Yellow salsify Non-native Infrequent in wet meadows adjacent to riparian areas.

Xanthisma spinulosum (Pursh) D.R. Morgan & R.L. Hartman

Goldenweed Native Dunes in Ericameria shrubland.

Boraginaceae

Hackelia floribunda (Lehmann) I. M. Johnston Manyflower stickseed Native Uncommon in riparian areas.

Heliotropium curassavicum L. ssp. oculatum (A. Heller) I.M. Johnst.

Seaside heliotrope status unknown Common in playas. Non-native in Hartman & Nelson (2001) checklist, but native in Floristic Synthesis of NA (bonap.net 2013)

Lappula occidentalis (S. Wats.) Greene Flatspine stickseed Non-native Uncommon in disturbed sites, near roads.

Nama dichotomum (Ruiz & Pav.) Choisy Wishbone fiddleleaf Native Rare on sandy banks or gravel bars in creeks.

Oreocarya pustulosa Rydberg James' cryptantha Native Common in dry, sandy areas.

Phacelia alba Rydb. White phacelia Native Disturbed Juncus articus meadows.

Plagiobothrys scouleri (Hooker & Arnott) I. M. Johnston ssp. penicillata (Greene) Löve

Sleeping popcornflower Native Uncommon in wet areas near creeks.

Symphytum officinale L. Common comfrey Non-native Common in disturbed riparian areas.

Brassicaceae

Brassica napus L. Rape Non-native Uncommon along moist creek banks.

Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medicus Shepherd's purse Non-native Uncommon in riparian areas.

Cardaria chalepensis (L.) Handel-Mazzetti Lenspod whitetop Non-native Abundant in fallow fields, disturbed areas.

Cardaria latifolia (L.) Spach Broadleaved pepperweed Non-native (B) Abundant in fallow fields, disturbed areas.

Descurainia ramosissima Rollins Villa Grove tansymustard Native Common in dry, sandy areas.

Descurainia sophia (L.) Webb ex Prantl Herb sophia Non-native Common in most sites and along creeks and ditches.

Erysimum asperum (Nuttall) De Candolle Western wallflower Native Uncommon in open, sandy areas.

Erysimum inconspicuum (S. Watson) MacMill. Shy wallflower Native On dunes in Ericameria shrubland.

Lepidium alyssoides A. Gray Mesa pepperwort Native Uncommon in sandy soils.

Lepidium campestre (L.) W.T. Aiton Field pepperweed Non-native Infrequent along roadsides.


Lepidium densiflorum Schrad. Common pepperweed Non-native Infrequent in Ericameria shrubland.

Lepidium ramosissimum A. Nelson Manybranched pepperweed

Native Uncommon in moist, roadside depressions.

Rorippa curvipes Greene Bluntleaf yellow-cress Native Riparian areas.

Rorippa sinuata (Nuttall in Torrey & Gray) A. S. Hitchcock

Spreading yellowcress Native Common in meadows used as pasture.

Rorippa teres (Michaux) Stuckey Southern marsh yellowcress

Native Uncommon in dry, sandy creek beds.

Sisymbrium altissimum L. Tall tumblemustard Non-native Common in disturbed areas, roadsides.

Sisymbrium linifolium (Nutt.) Nutt. ex Torr. & A. Gray Flaxleaf plainsmustard Native Riparian areas.

Cactaceae

Opuntia polyacantha Haworth var. polyacantha Plains pricklypear Native Abundant in dry, sandy areas.

Campanulaceae

Campanula parryi A. Gray Parry's bellflower Native Uncommon in riparian areas.

Cannabaceae

Humulus lupulus L. ssp. americanus (Nuttall) Löve & Löve

Common hop Native Uncommon in dry meadows.

Caprifoliaceae

Lonicera involucrata (Richardson) Banks ex Spreng. Honeysuckle Non-native In cultivated areas.

Lonicera tatarica L. Tatarian honeysuckle Non-native In cultivated areas.

Valeriana edulis Nuttall Tobacco root Native Rare in sandy, open areas.

Caryophyllaceae

Cerastium fontanum ssp. vulgare (Hartman) Greuter & Burdet

Big chickweed Non-native Uncommon on banks of riparian areas.

Silene drummondii Hook. Drummond's campion Native Uncommon in riparian areas.

Stellaria longifolia Mühlenberg ex Willdenow Longleaf starwort Native Infrequent on banks of flowing ditches.

Cleomaceae

Cleome multicaulis Sessé & Moçiño ex De Candolle Slender spiderflower Native Common in alkaline soils. (G2G3)

Cleome serrulata Pursh Rocky Mountain beeplant Native Common in disturbed areas, roadsides.

Convolvulaceae

Convolvulus arvensis L. Field bindweed Non-native Abundant in fallow fields, disturbed areas.

Cupressaceae

Juniperus scopulorum Sarg, Rocky Mountain juniper Native Along creeks.


Juniperus virginiana L. Eastern redcedar Native Along creek banks.

Cyperaceae

Amphiscirpus nevadensis (S. Watson) Oteng-Yeboah

Nevada bulrush Native Common in wet meadows.

Bolboschoenus maritimus (L.) Palla Cosmopolitan bulrush Native Abundant in riparian areas, wetland edges.

Carex aquatilis Wahlenberg Water sedge Native Infrequent on creek banks.

Carex douglasii F. Boott in Hooker Douglas' sedge Native Uncommon in dry-to-wet meadows and along creeks.

Carex nebrascensis Dewey Nebraska sedge Native Riparian areas.

Carex pellita Muhl ex Willd. Woolly sedge Native Common in riparian areas.

Carex praegracilis F. Boott Clustered field sedge Native Common in wet meadows and along creeks.

Carex simulata Mackenzie Analogue sedge Native In ditch near Antelope Springs well.

Carex utriculata F. Boott Northwest Territory sedge Native Common in riparian areas.

Cyperus aristatus Rottb. Bearded flatsedge Native Infrequent on gravel bars in creeks.

Cyperus schweinitzii Torr. Schweinitz's flatsedge Native Infrequent in stabilized dunes.

Eleocharis acicularis (L.) Roemer & Schultes Needle spikerush Native Common in riparian areas; wetland edges.

Eleocharis palustris (L.) Roemer & Schultes Common spikerush Native Common in riparian areas.

Eleocharis parvula (Roemer & Schultes) Link var. anachaeta (Torrey) Svenson

Dwarf spikerush Native Abundant around wetland edges and riparian areas.

Schoenoplectus acutus (Mühlenberg) Löve & Löve Hardstem bulrush Native Common in riparian areas.

Schoenoplectus pungens (M. Vahl) Palla Common threesquare Native In wet areas.

Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani (K.C. Gmel.) Palla Softstem bulrush Native Riparian areas.

Scirpus microcarpus J. & K. Presl Panicled bulrush Native In wet areas.

Scirpus pallidus (Britt.) Fern. Cloaked bulrush Native In wet areas.

Elaeagnaceae

Elaeagnus angustifolia L. Russian olive Non-native (B) In cultivated areas. Does not appear to be spreading.

Equisetaceae

Equisetum arvense L. Field horsetail Native In water-logged soil along creeks and ditches.

Equisetum laevigatum A. Braun Smooth horsetail Native Riparian areas.


Euphorbiaceae

Chamaesyce glyptosperma (Engelm.) Small Ribseed sandmat Native Disturbed areas in Ericameria - Sarcobatus shrubland.

Chamaesyce serpyllifolia (Persoon) Small Thymeleaf sandmat Non-native In dry, sandy soil.

Euphorbia brachyceras Engelmann Rocky Mountain Spurge (from conps)

Native In dry, sandy soil.

Fabaceae

Astragalus agrestis Douglas ex G. Don Purple milkvetch Native Uncommon on creek banks.

Astragalus bodinii Sheldon Bodin's milkvetch Native Common in dry meadows.

Astragalus ceramicus Sheldon Painted milkvetch Native Stabilized sand dunes in Ericameria shrubland.

Astragalus cf. canadensis L. Canadian milkvetch Native Only found in weedy area near County Road T.

Astragalus hallii A. Gray Hall's milkvetch Native Along creek banks.

Caragana arborescens Lamarck Siberian peashrub Non-native In cultivated areas. Does not appear to be spreading.

Glycyrrhiza lepidota Pursh American licorice Native Common in disturbed pasture, meadows.

Lupinus kingii S. Watson King's lupine Native Rare. Sandy sites.

Medicago lupulina L. Black medick Non-native Uncommon on creek banks.

Medicago sativa L. Alfalfa Non-native Common in cultivated fields.

Oxytropis deflexa (Pallas) De Candolle var. sericea Torrey & Gray

Blue nodding locoweed Native Uncommon on wet moist banks.

Oxytropis sericea Nuttall White locoweed Native Common on wet-to-drier areas with sandy soils.

Psoralidium lanceolatum (Pursh) Rydberg Lemon scurfpea Native Common in disturbed sites, roadways.

Sphaerophysa salsula (Pallas) De Candolle Alkali swainsonpea Non-native (Watchlist)

Abundant in wet meadows.

Thermopsis montana Nuttall ex Torrey & Gray Mountain goldenbanner Native Abundant in wet meadows.

Thermopsis rhombifolia (Nutt. ex Pursh) Nutt. ex Richards.

Goldenbanner Native On sandbar along creek banks.

Trifolium hybridum L. Alsike clover Non-native Uncommon on creek banks.

Trifolium pratense L. Red clover Non-native Infrequent on creek banks.

Trifolium repens L. White clover Non-native Infrequent on creek banks.

Trifolium wormskioldii Lehm. Cows clover Native Infrequent on creek banks.

Vicia sativa L. var. nigra L. Garden vetch Non-native Rare on pond edges.


Gentianaceae

Gentiana affinis Griseb. Pleated gentian Native Wetlands surrounded by Ericameria-Sarcobatus.

Gentianella strictiflora (Rydberg) W. A. Weber Autumn dwarf gentian Native Common along creek banks.

Gentianopsis thermalis (Kuntze) Iltis Rocky Mountain fringed gentian

Native Rare. Along creeks and in wet meadows late season.

Erodium cicutarium (L.) L'Heritier Redstem stork's bill Non-native (C) Infrequent. In wet areas along ditch.

Geranium caespitosum James ex Torrey Pineywoods geranium Native Along seasonally wet meadows near creeks.

Grossulariaceae

Ribes aureum Pursh Golden currant Native Common along creeks.

Ribes inerme Rydberg Whitestem gooseberry Native Common along creeks.

Ribes leptanthum A. Gray Trumpet gooseberry Native Common along creeks.

Iridaceae

Iris missouriensis Nuttall Rocky Mountain iris Native Abundant in wet meadows.

Sisyrinchium demissum Greene Stiff blue-eyed grass Native Rare along south-facing creek banks.

Juncaceae

Juncus arcticus Willd. var. balticus (Willd.) Trautv. Baltic rush Native Abundant in wet meadows.

Juncus bufonius L. Toad rush Native Uncommon along creeks.

Juncus interior Wiegand Inland rush Native Dominant throughout refuge in wet meadows and along creeks.

Juncus longistylis Torrey Longstyle rush Native Along creeks and in wet meadows.

Juncus saximontanus A. Nelson Rocky Mountain rush Native Along creeks and in wet meadows.

Juncus torreyi Coville Torrey's rush Native Common along creeks.

Juncaginaceae

Triglochin maritima L. Seaside arrowgrass Native Frequent in wet areas.

Triglochin palustris L. Marsh arrowgrass Native On dry, halophytic soils bordering wetlands in Sarcobatus-Ericameria shrubland.

Lamiaceae

Mentha arvensis L. Wild mint Native Common in wet areas.

Stachys palustris L. ssp. pilosa (Nuttall) Epling Hairy hedgenettle Native Understory along creeks.

Loasaceae


Mentzelia nuda (Pursh) Torr. & A. Gray Bractless blazingstar Native Frequent on sand dunes.

Nuttallia multiflora (Nuttall) Greene Adonis blazingstar Native Common on sandy, disturbed sites.

Malvaceae

Sidalcea neomexicana A. Gray Salt spring checkerbloom Native Rare in disturbed, wet sites.

Sphaeralcea coccinea (Pursh) Rydberg Scarlet globemallow Native Along roads in dry, sandy soil.

Nyctaginaceae

Oxybaphus hirsutus (Pursh) Sweet in De Candolle Hairy four o'clock Native Uncommon in seasonally wet ditches.

Oxybaphus linearis (Pursh) B. L. Robinson Narrowleaf four o'clock Native Uncommon in seasonally wet ditches.

Oxybaphus nyctagineus (Michaux) T. C. Porter in Porter & Coulter

Heartleaf four o'clock Native Uncommon in seasonally wet ditches.

Tripterocalyx micranthus (Torrey) Hooker Smallflower sandverbena Native Uncommon in sandy, dry soils.

Oleaceae

Syringa vulgaris L. Common lilac Non-native Planted in irrigated lawn.

Onagraceae

Epilobium ciliatum Rafinesque Fringed willowherb Native Common on creek sandbars.

Epilobium leptophyllum Rafinesque Bog willowherb Native At Antelope Springs.

Oenothera coronopifolia Torrey & Gray Crownleaf evening-primrose

Native Riparian areas.

Oenothera pallida Lindley ssp. runcinata (Engelmann) Munz & Klein

Pale evening-primrose Native Rare. In disturbed soil along road.

Oenothera villosa Thunberg Hairy evening-primrose Native Common along creeks.

Orchidaceae

Platanthera aquilonis Sheviak Northern green orchid Native In seasonally wet creek floodplain.

Orobanchaceae

Pedicularis crenulata Benth. Meadow lousewort Native Uncommon on bank of ditches.

Orobanche ludoviciana Nuttall Louisiana broomrape Native In sandy areas in association with Ericameria.

Orobanche multiflora Nuttall Manyflower broomrape Native At Antelope Springs.

Orthocarpus luteus Nuttall Yellow owl's-clover Native Common in roadside depressions, near wet meadows.

Papaveraceae

Corydalis aurea Willdenow Scrambled eggs Native Disturbed Juncus articus meadows.

Phrymaceae


Mimulus glabratus Kunth. Roundleaf monkeyflower Native Infrequent to rare on sandy banks of creek.

Pinaceae

Picea engelmannii Parry ex Engelmann Engelmann spruce Native In cultivated areas.

Picea pungens Engelmann Blue spruce Native In cultivated areas.

Plantaginaceae

Hippuris vulgaris L. Common mare's-tail Native Frequent in stagnant water in creeks.

Linaria vulgaris P. Miller Butter and eggs Non-native (B) Becoming abundant along northern refuge creeks.

Penstemon virgatus A. Gray ssp. asa-grayi Crosswhite

Oneside penstemon Native In sandy, dry soils.

Plantago eriopoda Torrey Redwool plantain Native Uncommon in wet meadows.

Plantago major L. Common plantain Non-native Uncommon in wet, shaded areas.

Veronica anagallis-aquatica L. Water speedwell Non-native Flowing creeks.

Veronica peregrina L. Neckweed Non-native Flowing creeks.

Poaceae

Achnatherum hymenoides (Roemer & Schultes) Barkworth

Indian rice grass Native Scattered in dry, sandy areas.

Achnatherum robustum (Vasey) Barkworth Sleepygrass Native In open areas with sandy soils.

Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn. Crested wheatgrass Non-native Drainage near creeks.

Agrostis gigantea Roth Redtop Non-native Wetland surrounded by Ericameria-Sarcobatus.

Alopecurus aequalis Sobolewski Shortawn foxtail Native Infrequent in creeks.

Alopecurus arundinaceus Poir. Creeping meadow foxtail Non-native Infrequent on edge of wetlands.

Aristida purpurea Nuttall Purple threeawn Native Scattered in dry, sandy areas.

Beckmannia syzigachne (Steudel) Fernald ssp. baicalensis (Kuznetzow) Koyama & Kuwano

American sloughgrass Native In wet meadows.

Bromopsis inermis (Leysser) Holub Smooth brome Non-native Uncommon in disturbed, moist sites.

Bromus tectorum L. Cheatgrass Non-native (C) Drainage near creeks.

Calamagrostis stricta (Timm) Koeler Slimstem reedgrass Native Uncommon along creeks.

Chondrosum gracile Humboldt, Bonpland, & Kunth Blue grama Native Common in dry areas and along dry creek beds.

Critesion jubatum (L.) Nevski Foxtail barley Native Common in roadside depressions, disturbed areas.


Deschampsia caespitosa (L.) Beauv. MacKenzie's hairgrass Native Wet meadows.

Distichlis stricta (Torrey) Rydberg Saltgrass Native Abundant in playas and other alkaline soils.

Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauvois Barnyardgrass Non-native Uncommon in creeks and along muddy banks.

Elymus elymoides (Raf.) Swezey Squirreltail Native Weedy roadsides near flowing wells.

Elytrigia repens (L.) Nevski Quackgrass Non-native (B) Uncommon in moist, sandy soils.

Eragrostis cilianensis (Allioni) F. T. Hubbard Stinkgrass Non-native Infrequent on roadway shoulders.

Glyceria grandis S. Watson in A. Gray American mannagrass Native Uncommon along creeks.

Hesperostipa comata (Trinius & Ruprecht) Barkworth

Needle and thread Native Scattered in sandy, open areas.

Koeleria macrantha (Ledeb.) J.A. Schultes Prairie Junegrass Native In irrigated meadows.

Leymus triticoides (Buckley) Pilger Beardless wildrye Native Common in dry-to-wet soils.

Monroa squarrosa (Nuttall) Torrey False buffalograss Native Uncommon in disturbed sites, near roads.

Muhlenbergia asperifolia (Nees & Meyen ex Trinius) Parodi

Scratchgrass Native Common in moist, sandy soils.

Muhlenbergia filiformis (Thurb. ex S. Wats.) Rydb. Pullup muhly Native Uncommon on gravel bars in creek.

Muhlenbergia minutissima (Steudel) Swallen Annual muhly Native In moist, sandy soils.

Muhlenbergia pungens Thurb. Sandhill muhly Native Stabilized sand dunes in Ericameria - Sarcobatus shrubland.

Muhlenbergia richardsonis (Trinius) Rydberg Mat muhly Native On creek banks and wet meadows.

Panicum capillare L. Witchgrass Non-native In seasonally wet creek floodplain.

Pascopyrum smithii (Rydberg) Löve Western wheatgrass Native Common in wet meadows.

Phleum pratense L. Timothy grass Non-native Uncommon in riparian areas.

Poa compressa L. Canada bluegrass Non-native In open, dry meadows.

Poa palustris L. Fowl bluegrass Native Creeks on eastern edge of refuge.

Poa pratensis L. Kentucky bluegrass Non-native Common in wet, disturbed areas.

Puccinellia nuttalliana (J.A. Schultes) A.S. Hitchc. Nuttall's alkaligrass Native Uncommon in wet, alkaline areas.

Spartina gracilis Trinius Alkali cordgrass Native In disturbed wet areas.

Sporobolus airoides (Torrey) Torrey Alkali sacaton Native Abundant in dry, sandy areas.

Sporobolus contractus A. S. Hitchcock Spike dropseed Native In disturbed sites with sandy soils.

Sporobolus cryptandrus (Torrey) A. Gray Sand dropseed Native In sandy, open areas.

Polemoniaceae


Aliciella micromeria (A.Gray) J.M.Porter Dainty gilia Native Uncommon to rare in sandy alkaline

areas. Ipomopsis aggregata (Pursh) V. Grant Scarlet gilia Native Common in sandy, dry soils.

Ipomopsis longiflora (Torrey) V. Grant Flaxflowered ipomopsis Native Frequent in sandy, open areas.

Polygonaceae

Eriogonum cernuum Nuttall Nodding buckwheat Native Scattered in sandy, open areas.

Persicaria amphibia (L.) S. Gray Longroot smartweed Native In disturbed wet areas.

Persicaria lapathifolia (L.) S. Gray Curlytop knotweed Non-native Uncommon along creeks.

Polygonum arenastrum Boreau Oval-leaf knotweed Non-native Uncommon in disturbed sites.

Polygonum argyrocoleon Steudel ex Kuntze Silversheath knotweed Non-native On disturbed sites.

Rumex crispus L. Curly dock Non-native In wet areas.

Rumex fueginus Philippi Golden dock Native Rare in riparian areas.

Rumex triangulivalvis (Danser) Rechinger f. Mexican dock Native Along creeks.

Portulacaceae

Portulaca oleracea L. Little hogweed Non-native Uncommon in disturbed sites, near roads.

Potamogetonaceae

Potamogeton gramineus L. Variable-leaf pondweed Native In standing water along creeks.

Zannichellia palustris L. Horned pondweed Native Standing water in ditch or playas.

Primulaceae

Glaux maritima L. Sea milkwort Native In wet meadows.

Ranunculaceae

Clematis ligusticifolia Nuttall ex Torrey & Gray Western white clematis Native Common along creeks.

Ranunculus aquatilis L. Threadleaf crowfoot Native Common in gently flowing creeks.

Ranunculus cymbalaria Pursh Alkali buttercup Native Common in creeks and along muddy banks.

Ranunculus macounii Britton Macoun's buttercup Native Uncommon on creek banks.

Ranunculus sceleratus var. multifidus Nutt. Blister buttercup Native At Antelope Springs.

Rhamnaceae

Rhamnus cathartica L. Common buckthorn Non-native In cultivated areas.

Rosaceae

Malus P. Miller Apple Non-native In cultivated areas.

Potentilla anserina L. Silverweed cinquefoil Native Common. Forming large mats in wet


depressions; in disturbed areas of wet meadows.

Potentilla paradoxa Nutt. Paradox cinquefoil Native In floodplain of creek.

Potentilla plattensis Nuttall ex Torrey & Gray Platte River cinquefoil Native Uncommon in wet meadows.

Rosa woodsii Lindley Woods' rose Native Uncommon along woody riparian areas.

Rubiaceae

Galium boreale L. Northern bedstraw Native On sandbar along creek banks.

Salicaceae

Populus angustifolia James Narrowleaf cottonwood Native Common along creeks in northern areas of refuge.

Populus deltoides H. Marshall ssp. monilifera (Aiton) Eckenwalder

Plains cottonwood Native In cultivated areas.

Populus nigra L. var. italica Du Roi Lombardy poplar Non-native In cultivated areas.

Populus tremuloides Michaux Quaking aspen Native In cultivated areas.

Salix amygdaloides Andersson Peachleaf willow Native Along creeks.

Salix exigua Nuttall Narrowleaf willow Native Abundant along northern creeks.

Salix lasiandra Benth. var. caudata (Nutt.) Sudw. Greenleaf willow Native Along creeks.

Salix ligulifolia (Ball ex C. K. Schneider) Ball ex E. C. Smith

Strapleaf willow Native Along creeks.

Santalaceae

Comandra umbellata (L.) Nuttall ssp. pallida (A. De Candolle) Piehl

Pale bastard toadflax Native In dry, sandy soils.

Sarcobataceae

Sarcobatus vermiculatus (Hooker) Torrey Greasewood Native Abundant in playasand playa edges.

Scrophulariaceae

Verbascum thapsus L. Common mullein Non-native (C) Uncommon in wet meadows.

Solanaceae

Lycium barbarum L. Matrimony vine Non-native Planted in disturbed pasture.

Solanum triflorum Nuttall Cutleaf nightshade Native Uncommon in dry, open areas.

Tamaricaeae

Tamarix chinensis Lour. Five-stamen tamarisk Non-native (B) Rare. Near roadside in playa.

Tamarix ramosissima Ledebour Saltcedar Non-native (B) Uncommon, in seasonally wet roadside depressions.

Typhaceae


Typha latifolia L. Broadleaf cattail Native Common in wetlands.

Ulmaceae

Ulmus pumila L. Siberian elm Non-native In cultivated areas.

Urticaceae

Urtica dioica L. ssp. gracilis (Aiton) Selander. Stinging nettle Native Common along creeks.

Verbenaceae

Verbena bracteata Lagasca & Rodriguez Bigbract verbena Non-native Scattered in disturbed, wet areas.

Vitaceae

Parthenocissus quinquefolia (L.) Planchon Virginia creeper Non-native In cultivated areas. Growing on trellis.

Zygophyllaceae

Tribulus terrestris L. Puncturevine Non-native (C) Disturbed sites near roads.

baca national wildlife refuge floristic inventory 2012

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