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COVER PAGE

Faculty of Science Handbook, Session 2013/2014

1

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE (CHEMISTRY) SESSION 2013/2014 (126 CREDITS)

1. UNIVERSITY COURSES (23 CREDITS) # Please refer to program Structure of Bachelor of Science

2. PROGRAM CORE COURSES (103 CREDITS)

(I) DEPARTMENTAL CORE COURSES (63 CREDITS)[TJ]

LEVEL 1 (14 Credits)

Course Code

Course Name Pre-Requisite(s) Credit

SCES1101 Basic Mathematics in Chemistry Chemistry and Mathematic STPM or equivalent

3*

SCES1200 Principles Chemistry Chemistry STPM or equivalent 2

SCES1210 Inorganic Chemistry l Chemistry STPM or equivalent 3*

SCES1220 Organic Chemistry I Chemistry STPM or equivalent 3*

SCES1230 Physical Chemistry I Chemistry STPM or equivalent 3*


SCES2210 Inorganic Chemistry II SCES1200 and SCES1210 4*

SCES2211 Analytical Chemistry l SCES1200, SCES1210,SCES1220 and SCES1230

3*

SCES2220 Organic Chemistry II SCES1200 and SCES1220 4*

SCES2230 Physical Chemistry II SCES1101, SCES1200 and SCES1230 4*

SCES2242 Polymer Chemistry SCES1220 and SCES1230 3*

SCES2243 General Environmental Chemistry SCES1210 and SCES1220 2

SCES2250 Molecular Spectroscopy and Interpretation SCES1101, SCES1200, SCES1210, SCES1220 and SCES1230

3

SCES2260 Spectroscopic Methods in Organic Chemistry SCES1220 This course is taken together with SCES2220

2

SCES2261 Heterocyclic Chemistry SCES1220 2

SCES2262 Biomolecules Chemistry SCES1220 2


SCES3110 Inorganic Chemistry III SCES2210 4*

SCES3120 Organic Chemistry III SCES2220 4*

SCES3130 Physical Chemistry III SCES2230 4*

SCES3181 Project** SCES2210, SCES2220, SCES2230 and SCES2250

8

(II) DEPARTMENTAL ELECTIVES COURSES (30 CREDIT)[EJ]

LEVEL 2 (At least 10 Credits)

SCES2312 General Industrial Chemistry SCES1200 2

SCES2313 Nuclear Chemistry SCES1200 and SCES1210 2

SCES2323 Medicinal Chemistry SCES1220 2

SCES2338 Solid State Chemistry SCES1210 and SCES1230 2

SCES2432 Basic Colloid Chemistry SCES1230 2

SCES2433 Electrochemistry SCES1200 and SCES1230 2

SCES2437 Computational Chemistry I SCES1230 2*


SCES3310 Environmental Chemistry II SCES2211 and SCES2243 3*

SCES3311 Analytical Chemistry II SCES2211 3*

SCES3314 Materials Chemistry SCES2210, SCES2220 and SCES2230 2

SCES3317 Bioinorganic and Biomimetic Chemistry SCES2210 2

SCES3319 Electrosynthesis SCES2433 2

SCES3321 Biosynthesis SCES2220 2

SCES3324 Natural Product Chemistry SCES2220 2

SCES3327 Synthesis Organic SCES2220 2


2

SCES3328 Mechanistic Organic Chemistry SCES2220 2

SCES3329 Organic Physical Chemistry SCES2220 2

SCES3332 Advanced Molecular Spectroscopy SCES2230 and SCES2250 2

SCES3334 Polymer Chemistry II SCES2242 3*

SCES3335 Advanced Colloid Chemistry SCES2432 3*

SCES3336 Liquid Crystal SCES2230 2

SCES3337 Computational Chemistry II SCES2230 and SCES2437 2*

SCES3340 Catalysis SCES2210, SCES2220 and SCES2230 2

SCES3352 Materials Polymer Composite SCES2242 3*

SCES3362 Instrumental Techniques in Chemistry SCES2210, SCES2220 and SCES2230 2

SCES3363 Special Topics in Chemistry SCES2210, SCES2220 and SCES2230 2

Note: * With practical component. ** Project must be conducted continuously in maximum 2 semesters.

(III) FACULTY ELECTIVES COURSES (10 CREDIT)[EF] *Courses offered by Institutes/Departments in Faculty of Science. (Please refer Faculty Electives Courses other than the Department of Chemistry within the Faculty of Science)

PROGRAM GOAL To produce graduates that have critical thinking and could apply the knowledge of chemistry and the latest scientific technology efficiently to analyze and solve problems in the industry, environment, health and safety sectors PROGRAM LEARNING OUTCOME At the end of the program, graduates with a Bachelor of Science (Chemistry) are able to: 1. Master knowledge related to the field of chemistry. 2. Perform chemistry laboratory procedures, to solve problems, to record and to analyze data and to

present experimental results effectively. 3. Demonstrate social expertise for environmental sustainable development in the practice of chemistry

and management of the flow of activities and tasks with the highest sense of responsibility. 4. Practice ethical values and professionalism in chemistry practice and to prioritize the importance of

client, field of work and society. 5. Communicate effectively and confidently, both orally and in writing and to be able to work

independently and in group and as a leader. 6. Use scientific expertise in the practice of chemistry and problem solving in all the tasks given

effectively. 7. Plan research projects using information technology in the practice of chemistry, time and resource

management efficiently. 8. Use entrepreneurship expertise and efficient management skills in implementing chemistry research

projects.


3

LIST OF ACCORDING TO SEMESTER (PLANNING OF COURSES)

COMPONENT SEMESTER 1 SEMESTER 2 TOTAL

CREDITS COURSE CREDIT COURSE CREDIT

University Courses

GXEX1412 Basic Entrepreneurship Culture

2 GXEX1411 Ethnic Relations

2

18

GTEE1100/10/11/12/13 English Courses

3 GXEX1414 Islamic and Asian Civilisation

2

SXEX1411 Introduction to Science & Technology Studies

3 SXEX1102 Statistics

3

GXEX1401 Information Skills

1

GXEX1417 Social Engagement

2

Program Core

Courses

Departmental Core Courses

SCES1200 Principles of Chemistry

2 SCES1220 Organic Chemistry I

3

14

SCES1210 Inorganic Chemistry I

3 SCES1230 Physical Chemistry I

3

SCES1101 Basic Mathematics in Chemistry

3

Faculty Electives Courses

Departmental Electives Courses within the Faculty of Science (other than Department of Chemistry)

2 2

TOTAL CREDITS 16 18 34



Program Core

Courses


SCES2220 Organic Chemistry II

4 SCES2210 Inorganic Chemistry II

4

29

SCES2230 Physical Chemistry II

4 SCES2250 Molecular Spectroscopy and Interpretation

3

SCES2211 Analytical Chemistry 1

3 SCES2242 Polymer Chemistry

3

SCES2261 Heterocyclic Chemistry

2 SCES2243 General Environmental Chemistry

2

SCES2260 Spectroscopic Methods In Organic Chemistry

2 SCES2262 Biomolecules Chemistry

2

Departmental Electives Courses


5 Departmental Electives Courses

5 10



4



University Courses GTEE1100/10/11/12/13 English Courses

3 Co-Curriculum 2 5

Program Core

Courses


SCES3120 Organic Chemistry III

4 SCES3130 Physical Chemistry III

4

20 SCES3110 Inorganic Chemistry III

4 SCES3181 Project

4

SCES3181 Project

4




7 10


COMPONENT SEMESTER 7 TOTAL

CREDITS COURSE CREDIT

Program Core

Courses


Departmental Electives Courses 10 10

Faculty Electives Courses

Departmental Electives Courses within the Faculty Of Science (Other Than Department Of Chemistry)

8 8

TOTAL CREDITS 18 18


5

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE (APPLIED CHEMISTRY) SESSION 2013/2014 (126 CREDITS)

1. UNIVERSITY COURSES (23CREDIT) # Please refer to program Structure of Bachelor of Science

2. PROGRAM CORE COURSES (103 CREDITS)

(I) DEPARTMENTAL CORE COURSES (62 CREDITS)[TJ]


Course Code

Course Name Pre-Requisite(s) Credit

SCES1101 Basic Mathematics in Chemistry Chemistry and Mathematic STPM or equivalent 3*

SCES1200 Principles Chemistry Chemistry STPM or equivalent 2

SCES1210 Inorganic Chemistry l Chemistry STPM or equivalent 3*

SCES1220 Organic Chemistry I Chemistry STPM or equivalent 3*

SCES1230 Physical Chemistry I Chemistry STPM or equivalent 3*


SCES2210 Inorganic Chemistry II SCES1200 and SCES1210 4*

SCES2220 Organic Chemistry II SCES1200 and SCES1220 4*

SCES2230 Physical Chemistry II SCES1101, SCES1200 and SCES1230 4*

SCES2240 Industrial Chemistry I SCES1200 and SCES1210 2

SCES2241 Basic Analytical Chemistry SCES1200, SCES1210, SCES1220 and SCES1230 3*

SCES2243 General Environmental Chemistry SCES1210 and SCES1220 2

SCES2250 Molecular Spectroscopy and Interpretation SCES1101, SCES1200, SCES1210, SCES1220 and SCES1230

3

SCES2260 Spectroscopic Methods in Organic Chemistry

SCES1220 This course is taken together with SCES 2220

2


SCES3110 Inorganic Chemistry III SCES2210 4*

SCES3120 Organic Chemistry III SCES2220 4*

SCES3130 Physical Chemistry III SCES2230 4*

SCES3140 Industrial Chemistry II SCES2240 3

SCES3141 Advanced Analytical Chemistry SCES 2241 3*

SCES3190 Industrial Training** Already taken SCES2210, SCES2220, SCES2230, SCES2240 and SCES2250

6

(II) DEPARTMENTAL ELECTIVES COURSE (31 CREDITS)[EJ]


SCES2313 Nuclear Chemistry SCES1200 and SCES1210 2

SCES2320 Food Chemistry SCES1220 2


SCES2324 Petrochemistry SCES1210 and SCES1220 2


SCES2339 Industrial Organic Chemistry SCES1220 2

SCES2415 Industrial Inorganic Chemistry SCES1200 and SCES1210 2

SCES2432 Basic Colloid Chemistry SCES1230 2


SCES2434 Polymer Chemistry I SCES1220 and SCES1230 3*

SCES2437 Computational Chemistry I SCES1230 2*


SCES3310 Environmental Chemistry II SCES2241 and SCES2243 3*

SCES3314 Materials Chemistry SCES2210, SCES2220 and SCES2230 2

SCES3324 Natural Product Chemistry SCES2220 2

SCES3327 Organic Synthesis SCES2220 2


6

SCES3328 Mechanistic Organic Chemistry SCES2220 2

SCES3332 Advanced Molecular Spectroscopy SCES2230 and SCES2250 2

SCES3333 Applied Electrochemistry SCES2433 2

SCES3334 Polymer Chemistry II SCES2434 3*

SCES3335 Advanced Colloid Chemistry SCES2432 3*

SCES3336 Liquid Crystal SCES2230 2

SCES3337 Computational Chemistry II SCES2230 and SCES2437 2*

SCES3340 Catalysis SCES2210, SCES2220 and SCES2230 2

SCES3352 Polymer Composite Materials SCES2434 3*

SCES3355 Applied Organometallic Chemistry SCES2210 and SCES2220 2

SCES3363 Special Topic in Chemistry SCES2210, SCES2220 and SCES2230 2

Note: * With practical component. ** Please refer to Industrial Training Handbook for details.

(III) FACULTY ELECTIVES COURSES (10 CREDITS)[EF] *Courses offered by Institutes/Departments in Faculty of Science. (Please refer Faculty Electives Courses other than the Department of Chemistry within the Faculty of Science.

PROGRAM GOAL To produce graduates that have critical thinking and could apply the knowledge of chemistry and the latest scientific technology efficiently to analyze and solve problems in the industry, environment, health and safety sectors. PROGRAM LEARNING OUTCOME At the end of the program, graduates with a Bachelor of Science (Applied Chemistry) are able to: 1. Master knowledge related to the field of chemistry. 2. Perform chemistry laboratory procedures, to solve problems, to record and to analyze data and to

present experimental results effectively. 3. Demonstrate social expertise for environmental sustainable development in the practice of chemistry

and management of the flow activities and tasks with the highest sense of responsibility. 4. Practice ethical values and professionalism in chemistry practice and to prioritize the importance of

client, field of work and society. 5. Communicate effectively and confidently, both orally and in writing and to be able to work

independently and in group and as a leader. 6. Use scientific expertise in the practice of chemistry and problem solving in all the tasks given

effectively. 7. Plan research projects using information technology in the practice of chemistry, time and resource

management efficiently. 8. Use entrepreneurship expertise and efficient management skills in implementing chemistry research

projects.


7

LIST OF ACCORDING TO SEMESTER (PLANNING OF COURSES)


CREDIT COURSE CREDIT COURSE CREDIT

University Courses

GXEX1412 Basic Entrepreneurship Culture

2 GXEX1411 Ethnic Relations

2

18

GTEE1100/10/11/12/13 English Courses

3 GXEX1414 Islamic and Asian Civilisation

2

SXEX1411 Introduction to Science & Technology Studies

3 SXEX1102 Statistic

3

GXEX1401 Information Skills

1

GXEX1417 Social Engagement

2

Program Core

Courses


SCES1200 Principles of Chemistry

2 SCES1220 Organic Chemistry I

3

14 SCES1210 Inorganic Chemistry I

3 SCES1230 Physical Chemistry I

3

SCES1101 Basic Mathematics in Chemistry

3

Faculty Electives Courses Departmental Electives Courses within the Faculty of Science

2 2




Program

Core Courses


SCES2220 Organic Chemistry II

4 SCES2210 Inorganic Chemistry II

4

24

SCES2230 Physical Chemistry II

4

SCES2250 Molecular Spectroscopy And Interpretation

3

SCES2241 Basic Analytical Chemistry

3 SCES2240 Industrial Chemistry I

2

SCES2260 Spectroscopic Methods In Organic Chemistry

2 SCES2243 General Environmental Chemistry

2




6 12



8

COMPONENT

SEMESTER 5 SEMESTER 6 SHORT

SEMESTER TOTAL CREDI

TS COURSE CREDI

T COURSE

CREDIT

COURSE CREDIT

University Courses GTEE1100/10/ 11/12/13 English Courses

3 Co-curriculum 2 5

Program Core

Courses


SCES3120 Organic Chemistry III

4 SCES3130 Physical Chemistry III

4 Industrial Training

6

24

SCES3110 Inorganic Chemistry III

4

SCES3141 Advanced Analytical Chemistry

3

SCES3140 Industrial Chemistry II

3




6 9

TOTAL CREDIT 17 15 6 38

COMPONENT SEVENTH SEMESTER

TOTAL CREDITS COURSE CREDIT

Program Core Courses


Departmental Electives Courses 10 10

Faculty Electives Courses Departmental Electives Courses within the Faculty Of Science

8 8

TOTAL CREDITS 18 18


9

DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY

The Department of Chemistry is the largest department in the Faculty of Science. The Department started operation in the academic year 1959/1960 and is one of the oldest departments in the faculty. The Department is the first institution of higher learning in Malaysia to receive the prestigious Royal Society of Chemistry, UK accreditation for its BSc (Chemistry) and BSc (Applied Chemistry) programme since August 2012. One of the objectives of the Department is to provide a centre of excellence in chemical education and research in Malaysia. Students from the department are trained to develop their critical, creative and innovative thinking. The Department is proud to produce graduates who are highly regarded and much sought after in the work force market. Presently, the Department has 79 academic staff, several of whom are from abroad. Apart from teaching at both undergraduate and postgraduate degree levels, the staffs also conduct quality research in fundamental and applied chemistry. Although the academic staffs have different research interests, they adhere to the same philosophy in solving chemical-related problems and in the development of expertise in chemistry. In addition to the undergraduate Program, the department also offers MSc by research and coursework; and PhD programs. Since her establishment, the department has produced many MSc and PhD graduates who assume high positions in both government and private organisation locally and internationally.

ACADEMIC STAFF HEAD OF DEPARTMENT Dr. Sharifuddin M Zain, BSc (Lond), ARCS, PhD (Lond), DIC PROFESSOR Dr. Abdul Hamid Yahya, BSc (Mal), MSc, PhD (Salford) Dr. Aziz Hassan, MSc (UMIST), PhD (Brunel) Dr. Christopher Gunaseelan Jesudason, BA, MA (Camb), PhD (Georgia) Dr. Chuah Cheng Hock, BSc, PhD (Mal) Dr. Edward R.T. Tiekink, BSc, PhD, DSc (Melbourne) Dr. Gan Seng Neon, BSc, PhD (Mal) Dr. Hapipah Mohd Ali, BSc, Dphil (Sus) Dr. Kam Toh Seok, BSc, PhD (Mal) Dr. Khalijah Awang, BSc (Waterloo), MSc, PhD (Paris) Dr. Mhd. Radzi Abas, BSc, MSc, PhD (Salf) Dr. Misni Misran, BSc (Flinders), PhD (East Anglia) Dr. Mohamad Niyaz Khan, BSc (S.N. College, Azamgarh, India) MSc, PhD (Aligarh Muslim Univ.) Dato’ Dr. Mohd. Jamil Maah, BSc, MSc, DPhil. (Sussex), CChem, MRSC, AMIC, FASc Dr. Muhammad Mazhar, PhD (Budapest, Hungary) Dr. Ng Seik Weng, BSc (NUS), MSc, PhD (Okla) Dr. Noorsaadah Abd. Rahman, BA (Chico, Cal.), MSc (Irvine, Cal.), PhD (Cambridge), CChem, MRSC Dr. Rauzah Hashim, BSc, PhD (S'ton), MRSC, CChem

Dr. Rosiyah Yahya, BSc, PhD (Brunel), MRSC, CChem Dr. Sharifah Bee Abd. Hamid, BSc (OSU,Ohio), MSc (UKM), PhD-DSc (U. Namun, Belgium) Dr. Sharifuddin M Zain, BSc (Lond), ARCS, PhD (Lond), DIC Dr. Tan Guan Huat, BSc, PhD (Duke) Dr. Wan Jefrey Basirun, BSc (Mal), PhD (S’ton) Dr. Wong Chee Seng, Richard, BSc(Dublin), MSc, PhD (Mal) Dr. Yatimah Alias, BSc, MSc (Mal) PhD (East Anglia) Dr. Zainudin Arifin, BSc (UMIST), PhD (Lond) Dr. Zanariah Abdullah, BSc, PhD (East Lond)

EMERITUS PROFESSOR Dr. Ng Soon, B.Chem.Eng, MS (OSU, Ohio), PhD (UC Berkeley), CChem, FRSC, FMIC, FASc VISITING PROFESSOR Dr. Michael John Plater, BSc (Loughborough), PhD (London), DSc (Aberdeen) ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR Dr. Azhar Arifin, BSc (Mal), PhD (Nottingham) Dr. Khoo Siow Kian, BSc, MSc, PhD (S'ton) Dr. Lo Kong Mun, BSc, PhD (Mal) Dr. Noel F Thomas, BSc (Salf), PhD (UWCC) Dr. Norbani Abdullah, BSc, PhD (London) Dr. Nor Kartini Abu Bakar, BSc (Mal), PhD (Wales), MRSC, CChem Dr. Thorsten Heidelberg, Dipl Chem, PhD (Hamburg) Dr. Zaharah Aiyub, BSc (Indiana), MSc (Marshall), Dphil (Sussex) VISITNG ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR Dr. Vannajan Sanghiran Lee, BSc (Chiang Mai Univ., Thailand), MSc, PhD (Univ. of Missouri-Kansas City) SENIOR LECTURER Dr. Azizah Mainal, BSc (Michigan), MSc (Mal), PhD (S’ton) Dr Azman Ma’amor, BSc (UKM), MSc (Mal), PhD (Belfast) Dr. Cheng Sit Foon, BSc, PhD (Mal) Dr. Choo Yeun Mun, BSc, MSc, PhD (Mal) Dr. Desmond Ang Teck Chye, BSc, PhD (Mal) Dr. H. N. M Ekramul Mahmud, BSc, Msc (Dhaka), PhD (UPM) Dr. Hairul Anuar, BSc, MSc (Mal), PhD (Sheff) Dr. Khor Sook Mei, BSc, MSc (UKM), PhD (UNSW) Dr. Lee See Mun, BSc, MSc, PhD (Mal) Dr. Low Kah Hin, BSc, MSc, PhD (Mal) Dr. Md. Akhtaruzzaman, BSc, Msc (Dhaka), PhD (Okazaki) Dr. Md Rezaul Karim Sheikh, PhD (JAIST, Japan) Dr. Mohammad Noh Daud, BSc (Mal), PhD (Bristol) Dr. Ninie Suhana Abdul Manan, BSc, MSc (Mal), PhD (QUB) Dr. Nor Asrina Sairi, BSc, MSc (UPM), PhD (Mal) Dr. Noraini Ahmad, BSc, MSc, PhD (Mal) Dr. Norazilawati Muhamad Sarih, Dip. (LGM), Dip., BSc (UiTM), PhD (Durham)


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Dr. Phang Sook Wai, BSc, MSc (UKM), PhD (Yamagata Univ., Japan) Dr. Rusnah Syahila Duali Hussen, BSc, MSc, PhD (Mal) Dr. Sharifah Mohamad, BSc, MSc (Mal), PhD (UPM) Dr. Siti Nadiah Abd. Halim, BSc, MSc (Mal), PhD (Bristol) Dr. Tan Kong Wai, BSc, MSc (UKM), PhD (Mal) Dr. Tay Kheng Soo, BSc, MSc, PhD (Mal) Dr. Teo Yin Yin, BSc, MSc, PhD (Mal) Dr. Woi Pei Meng, BSc, MSc (UPM), PhD (Mal) SLAB/SLAI FELLOW (STUDIES COMPLETED) Lim Siew Huah, BSc, MSc (Mal) Mohd. Fadzli Din, BSc, MSc (Mal) Radziah Muhammad, BSc, MSc (Mal) Siti Farhana Abdul Raof, BSc (UMT) TEMPORARY TUTOR Ahmad Danial bin Azzahari, BSc (Mal) Fairuz Liyana Mohd Rasdi, BSc (Mal) Gouk Shiou Wah, BSc (Mal) Hong Fong Jiao, BSc (Mal) Noridayu Omer, BSc (Mal)

RESEARCH AREAS Research in the department may be divided into 5 main areas; organic chemistry, inorganic chemistry, physical chemistry, analytical chemistry and polymer chemistry. Some active research subareas are natural products, environmental chemistry, colloidal chemistry, computational chemistry, synthesis of organic compounds, organometallics chemistry and electrochemistry. The department possesses sophisticated and up-to-date instrumentation for teaching and conducting leading edge research activities: one FT-NMR 600MHz, three FT-NMR 400MHz, one FT-NMR EX90MHz, Crystal X-ray Diffractometer (single, dual wavelength, and powder), Capillary Electrophoresis, Elemental Analyser, Mercury Analyzer, GC, GC-MS, GC-FID, GC-ECD, ICP-MS, LC-MS (QTof high resolution), Injection Moulding Machine, Twin-Screw Extruder, Impact Tester, Tensile Tester, DSC, DMA, TGA,TGA-GCMS,TGA-DTA, FT-IR Imaging, Micro-Raman, UV Spectrometer, Fluorescence Spectroscopy, HPLC, LC-Prep, AAS, Flame Photometer, Rheometer, Optical Polarizing Microscope, Microwave digester, Guoy Balance, Capillary Electrophoresis (CE), Ion Chromatography, X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometer (XRF), Electroanalytical System and Gel Imager.

JOB OPPORTUNITIES Courses offered by the department meet the current requirements to accommodate job and career advancement. Chemistry is recognised as a professional field by Malaysian Institute of Chemistry and to date, our chemistry graduates have filled the job

market in both public and private sectors. Job opportunities are available in basic research and development areas in research institutions such as FRIM, SIRIM, MARDI, Petronas, MPOB and IMR. In addition, graduates are employed in the teaching profession in schools, colleges and universities. Career opportunities are also available in the chemical and manufacturing industries, oil and gas industries, petrochemicals, energy and fuel industries, polymer and materials, electronics, sales and marketing, and new growth areas of green and sustainable technologies.

COURSE SYNOPSIS

Note: All level 1 students are required to attend a practical safety class before commencing their practical class. Time of class will be announced on the first week of the teaching session.

SCES1101 BASIC MATHEMATICS IN CHEMISTRY

Functions and operators, calculus – differentiation and integration. Differential equations, vector analysis, matrices and determinants, expansion of functions. Basic statistical techniques and graphics, error analysis, use of EXCEL in solving chemical calculations.

Assessment Methods: Final Examination: 60% Continuous Assessment: 30% Practical: 10%

Medium of instruction: English

Soft skills: CS3, CT1

References: 1. Monk, P. and Munro, J. (2010) Maths for Chemistry:

A chemist's toolkit of calculations, 2nd Ed. Oxford. 2. Miller, J. N and Miller J,. C. (2010) Statistics and

Chemometrics for Analytical Chemistry, 6th Ed. Pearson.

3. Cockett, M.C.R. and Doggett, G. (2003) Maths for Chemists Vol. I: Numbers, Functions and Calculus, RSC.

4. Cockett, M.C.R. and Doggett, G. (2003) Maths for Chemists Vol. II: Power Series, Complex Numbers and Linear Algebra, RSC.

SCES1200 PRINCIPLES OF CHEMISTRY

Atomic Theory Quantum mechanical model, orbital energy levels, and electronic configurations (aufbau principle, Pauli exclusion principle and Hund’s rule)


11

Periodic Table and Periodicity Trend in physical properties of elements (atomic size, ionic radius, ionization energy, electron affinity, electronegativity and metallic properties), and trend in chemical properties (acid-base and redox). Gas The kinetic theory of gas and equation of state for ideal and real gases. Stoichiometry The mole concept, chemical formulas (empirical and molecular), balanced chemical equations (molecular and redox), percentage yield, chemical reactions in aqueous solution, molarity, and analytical chemistry (gravimetry and volumetry).

Assessment Methods: Final Examination: 70% Continuous Assessment: 30%



References: 1. Olmsted, J. and William, G. M. (2006). Chemistry.

4th Ed. John Wiley & Sons. 2. Brown, T. L., Lemay, H. E. and Bursten B.E. (2006).

Chemistry: The Central Science, 10th Ed. Prentice Hall.

3. Atkins, P. W. (2006). Physical Chemistry. 8th Ed. Oxford Publication.

4. Petrucci, R. H., Harwood, W. S., Herring, G. E. and Madura, J. (2007). General Chemistry, Principles & Modern Applications. 9th edition. Pearson.

5. Kotz, J. C., Treichel, P. M. and Townsend, J. (2009). Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity. 7th edition. Thomson Brooks/Cole.

SCES1210 INORGANIC CHEMISTRY I

Types of chemical bonding (electronegativity, ionic bond, covalent bond), orbital overlap, Lewis structure, valence shell electron pair repulsion theory (VSEPR), orbital hybridisation, molecular orbital theory, bond order, metallic bond, intermolecular forces and hydrogen bonding.

Types of solids, closest packing structure, tetrahedral hole, octahedral hole, NaCl structure, CsCl fluorite, perovskite, diamond, ZnS and copper metal. Bronsted acid, periodic trends in Bronsted acidity, oxoacids, Lewis acids, theory of soft and hard acids, thermodynamic acidity parameter

Definition of oxidation and reduction, oxidation number, half-reaction for reduction reaction, balancing redox reactions, standard electrode potential, Frost diagram, dependence of reduction potential on pH, extraction of metals from redox reactions.


Medium of instruction: English Soft skills: CS1, CT5 References: 1. McMurray, J. and Fay, R. C. (2008). Chemistry. 5th

Edition. Prentice Hall International. 2. Brady, J. E., Senese, F. A. and Jesperson, N. D.

(2009). Chemistry. 5th Edition. John Wiley. 3. Witten K. W., Davis, R. E., Peck, M. L. and Stanley,

G. G. (2007). Chemistry. 8th Edition. Thomson. 4. Shriver, D. F. and Atkins, P. W. (1999). Inorganic

Chemistry. 3rd Edition. Oxford University Press. 5. Atkins, Overton, Rurke, Weller, and Armstrong.

(2009). Inorganic Chemistry. 5th Ed. Oxford press.

SCES1220 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY I

Lecture Structure and bonding in carbon compounds, classification of organic compounds, functional groups, hybridization, concept of resonance. Use of IR spectroscopy in identifying functional groups. Chemistry of aliphatic hydrocarbons (alkanes, alkenes, alkadienes and alkynes) and aromatic hydrocarbons – nomenclature, syntheses and reactions. Stereochemistry: conformational analysis – conformations of acyclic alkanes and cycloalkanes. Isomerism and stereoisomers – chirality, optical activity, Cahn-Ingold-Prelog nomenclature, enantiomers, diastereomers, racemates, stereoisomers with two stereogenic centres, meso compounds, stereochemistry of selected reactions Practical Identification of elements in organic compounds Reactions of functional groups. Basic techniques used in the laboratory – re-crystallisation, distillation and chromatography (column and thin layer).

Assessment Methods: Final examination: 60% Continuous Assessment: 15% Practical: 25%


Soft skills: CS1, CT5 References: 1. Solomons, G. and Fryhle, C. (2008). Organic

Chemistry. 9th Ed. Wiley.


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2. Bruice, P. Y. (2006). Organic Chemistry. 5th Ed. Prentice Hall.

3. McMurry, J. (2008). Organic Chemistry, 7th Ed. Brookes/ Cole.

4. Clayden, Greeves, Warren and Worthers (2001). Organic Chemistry. OUP.

5. Smith, J. G. (2008). Organic Chemistry. 2nd Ed. Mcgraw Hill.

SCES1230 PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY I

Data treatment. Symbol and unit. Significance figures and measurements. Accuracy and precision. Uncertainty and errors. Systematic error and random error. Estimation of random error. Combination of errors. Least squares method. This course covers the basis of thermodynamics, terminologies and basic concepts. It describes the zeroth, first, second and third laws of thermodynamics and introduce the concept of enthalpy, Hess’s law, entrophy and thermodynamics potential. Through these basics ideas students will be able to apply how changes in chemical systems may be predicted. Description of electrolyte solutions, electrochemical cells, Debye-Huckel theory, standard potentials. Nernst equation and thermodynamic information from electrochemical reactions. Descriptions and derivation of rate law and order of reactions of gases and activated complex theory, steady state approximation, kinetics of complex reactions.



Soft skills: CT4, CS2

References: 1. Atkins, P.W. (2006). Physical Chemistry. 8th Ed.

OUP. 2. Barrow, G.M. (1996). Physical Chemistry. 6th Ed.

McGraw-Hil. 3. Mahan, B. and Myres, R. J. (1987). University

Chemistry. 4th Ed. Addison Wesley. 4. Alberty, R. and Silbey, R. (1996). Physical

Chemistry. 2nd Ed. John Wiley. 5. Taylor, J. (1997). An Introduction to Error Analysis:

The Study of Uncertainties in Physical Measurements. 2nd edition, University Science Books.

SCES2210 INORGANIC CHEMISTRY II

Coordination chemistry: Coordinate bond, types of ligands, coordination number, nomenclature, isomerism and chirality, Werner’s theory, valence bond theory,

magnetic properties, crystal field theory, ligand field theory, Jahn-Teller effect, tetrahedral complex, octahedral complex, tetragonal distortion, electronic spectra, Orgel diagram and Tanabe-Sugano diagram. Metal chemistry: Trend in periodic table, existence, methods of isolation, chemical reactions and applications of metals, chemistry of block s, p, d and f metals

Molecular Symmetry: Symmetry elements, symmetry operations, point groups, stereographic projections, group theory, transformation matrices, reducible representation, irreducible representation, character tables, application in IR and Raman spectroscopies and chiral molecules.




References: 1. Shriver, D. F., Atkins, P. W. and Langford, C. H.

(1996). Inorganic Chemistry. 2nd Ed. Oxford University Press.

2. Cotton, F. A. and Wilkinson, G. (1988). Advanced Inorganic Chemistry. 5th Ed. John Wiley.

3. Carter, R. L. (1998). Molecular Symmetry and Group Theory. John Wiley.

4. Greenwood, N. N. and Earnshaw, A. (1984). Chemistry of the Element. Pergamon Press.

5. Meisller, G. L. and Tarr, D. A. (2004). Inorganic Chemistry. 3rd Ed. Pearson Prentice Hall.

SCES2211 ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY I

Introduction Classical analysis, concentration systems/units, sampling in analysis

Data Treatment Precision and accuracy, statistical methods for error analysis, population and sampling, confidence limits, measurement uncertainty, significant figures, test for mean, rejection of analytical data. Quality control and quality assurance.

Spectrometry Interaction of light energy between atoms and molecules; quantitative aspects of absorption. Molecular spectrometric techniques – UV-Visible, IR, NIR; dispersion, absorption, fluorescence and emission. Spectrophotometric instruments; emission spectroscopy and atomic absorption spectrometry- an introduction, uses of spectrophotometry.


13

Electroanalytical Chemistry Quantitative analysis – standard addition technique and internal standard technique, Potentiometry – pH glass electrode, solid membrane ion selective electrodes. Polarography, Heyrovsky equation, use of dropping mercury electrode (DME).

Separation Methods Introduction to the theory and process of separation in GC and HPLC, ion exchange chromatography, solvent extraction, partition coefficient, multiple extraction, efficiency. Assessment Methods: Final examination: 50% Continuous Assessment: 30% Practical: 20% Medium of instruction: English Soft skills: CS2, CT5, TS1 References: 1. Skoog, D. A., West, D. M., Holler, F. J. and Crouch,

S. R (2004). Fundamentals of Analytical Chemistry. 8th Ed. Thomson, Brooks/ Cole.

2. Rouessac, F. and Roussac, A. (2000). Chemical Analysis-Modern Instrumental Methods and Techniques. 4th Ed. John Wiley & Sons.

3. Christian, G. D. (2004). Analytical Chemistry. 6th Ed. John Wiley & Son.

SCES2220 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY II

Preparation and reactions of alkyl halides (SN1, SN2, E1 and E2). Stereochemical concepts e.g., chirality, enantiomers, racemates, meso compounds, diastereomers (with respect to reactions of alkyl halides) . Preparation and reactions of alcohols, ethers and epoxides. Chemistry of aldehydes and ketones: preparation and reactions (nucleophilic addition); Preparation and reactions of carboxylic acids and derivatives (nucleophilic acyl substitution); amines other nitrogen containing compounds (nitrile, nitro, azo and diazo). The chemistry of phenols, quinones and related natural occurring compounds. The chemistry of difunctional group compounds, including dicarboxylic acids, keto acids, hydroxy acids and lactones. The chemistry of carbanions and enolate ions: Enolate ion– electrophile reactions: acetic ester and malonic ester synthesis; Enolate ion addition/condensation: Aldol, Claisen, Dieckmann, Knoevenagel, etc. Conjugate addition of enolates: Michael addition, Robinson annulation, etc. Enamines in synthesis. Assessment Methods: Final examination: 60% Continuous Assessment: 15% Practical: 25%

Medium of instruction: English Soft skills: CS1, CT5 References: 1. Solomons, T. W. G. (2008). Organic Chemistry.9th

Ed. Wiley. 2. McMurry J. (2003). Organic Chemistry. 5th Ed.

Brooks/Cole. 3. Clayden, J., Greeves, N., Warren, S. and Wothers,

P. (2000). Organic Chemistry. Oxford. 4. Kamaliah Mahmood dan Noorsaadah Abd. Rahman.

(1998). Kaedah Kimia dalam Pengenalpastian Sebatian Organik. Penerbit Universiti Malaya.

5. Crews, P., Rodriguez, J. and Jaspars, M (1998). Organic Structure Analysis, Oxford University Press, New York, Oxford.

SCES2230 PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY II

Quantum Mechanics The origin of quantum theory; Postulates and general principles of quantum mechanics: wavefunction, operator, eigenfunction, eigenvalue, probability, average value and Schrodinger equation; Dynamic and motion of simple microscopic systems: translational motion, harmonic oscillator and vibrational motion, angular momentum and rotational motion; Electronic structures of hydrogen like atoms and many-electron atoms: hydrogen atom, atomic orbital, Pauli principle, aufbau principle, Hund's rules, electron configuration, Slater determinant, angular momentum coupling, atomic terms, spin-orbit and other interactions, symmetry, atomic spectra and selection rules. Chemical Kinetics Introduction to reaction rate theory. Collision between molecules, gas transport phenomenone. Collision theory of uni, bi and trimolecular gas reactions. Complex reactions. Chemical Thermodynamics Basic equations of chemical thermodynamics. Thermodynamic properties of multi component mixture. Equilibrium of chemical reactions. Phase equilibrium: phase transition and classification; phase rule, phase diagram for multi component system (liquid-vapour, liquid-liquid and liquid-solid) and applications.


Medium of instruction: English Soft skills: CS1, CT3


14

References: 1. Atkins, P. W. (2006). Physical Chemistry. 8th

Edition. Oxford University Press. 2. Donald, A. M. (1983). Quantum Chemistry.

University Science Book. 3. Bockhoff, F. J. (1976). Elements of Quantum

Theory. 2nd edition. Addison-Wesley Pub. Company. 4. Barrow, G. M. (1996). Physical Chemistry. 6th Ed.

McGraw-Hill. 5. Alberty, R. A. and Silbey, R. J. (1997). Physical

Chemistry. 2nd Ed. John Wiley. SCES2240 INDUSTRIAL CHEMISTRY I

Introduction to chemical industries. Two major technologies: chemical process and separation technology. Separation technology covers aspects related to adsorption, chemical extraction, purification, distillation and drying. Chemical process includes natural gas, petroleum and vegetable oil refining. Economic aspect, basic account and management, patent right, examples of industrial chemistry process. Assessment Methods: Final examination: 70% Continuous Assessment: 30% Medium of instruction: English Soft skills: CT1, KK1, EM1, LL1 References: 1. Gunstone, F. D., Harwood, J. L., Djikstra, A. J.

(2007). Lipid Handbook. 3rd Ed. CRC Press. 2. Speight, J. G. (2006). The Chemistry and

Technology of Petroleum. 4th Ed. CRC Press. 3. Gary, J. H and Handwerk, G. E. and Kaiser, M.J

(2006). Petroleum Refining: Technology and Economics. 5th Edition. CRC Press.

4. Bauer, K (2001) Common Fragrance and Flavour Materials, 3rd ed. Wiley VCH.

5. Othmer, K (1999-2012) Encyclopaedia of Chemical Technology, 4th Edition, John Wiley and Sons.

SCES2241 BASIC ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY

Introduction Classical analysis, concentration systems/units, sampling in analysis Data Treatment Precision and accuracy, statistical methods for error analysis, population and sampling, confidence limits, measurement uncertainty, significant figures, test for mean, rejection of analytical data. Quality control and quality assurance. Spectrometry Interaction of light energy between atoms and molecules; quantitative aspects of absorption.

Molecular spectrometric techniques – UV-Visible, IR, NIR; dispersion, absorption, fluorescence and emission. Spectrophotometric instruments; emission spectroscopy and atomic absorption spectrometry- an introduction, uses of spectrophotometry. Electroanalytical Chemistry Quantitative analysis – standard addition technique and internal standard technique, Potentiometry – pH glass electrode, solid membrane ion selective electrodes. Polarography, Heyrovsky equation, use of dropping mercury electrode (DME). Separation Methods Introduction to the theory and process of separation in GC and HPLC, ion exchange chromatography, solvent extraction, partition coefficient, multiple extraction, efficiency. Assessment Methods: Final examination: 50% Continuous Assessment: 20% Practical: 30% Medium of instruction: English Soft skills: CS2, CT5, TS1 References: 1. Skoog, D. A., West, D. M., Holler, F. J. and Crouch,

S. R. (2004). Fundamentals of Analytical Chemistry. 8th Ed. Thomson, Brooks/ Cole.



SCES2242 POLYMER CHEMISTRY Fundamental Polymer Chemistry Classification and naming. Processes of polymer synthesis: bulk, solution, suspension and emulsion. Mechanisms of polymerization: condensation, Carothers Equations, radical, ionic (cationic and anionic). Copolymerization:structures and properties of copolymers, reactivity ratios. Thermosets: fenoplast, aminoplast, unsaturated polyesters, polyurethanes epoxy resins. Relationship between structure and properties: structural isomers, stereospecific vinyl polymers, and structures of polymers from diene monomers and ways to overcome or reduce the problems of environmental pollutions. Physical Chemistry of Polymers Simple kinetic of radical polymerization. Introduction to the size and conformation of polymer chain. Polymer in solution– interaction between solvent and polymer molecules. Effect of molecular weights on the physical properties of polymers. Distribution of molecular


15

weights and average molecular weights Mn and Mw. Determination of average molecular weight: (a) end-group analysis, (b) osmometry, (c) viscometry.



Soft skills: CT2, LL1 References: 1. Fried, J. R. (2003). Polymer Science and

Technology. 2nd Ed. Prentice Hall International Editions.

2. Harry, R. A. and Frederick, W. L. (1992). Contemporary Polymer Chemistry. 2nd Ed. Prentice Hall.

3. Steven, M. P. (1999). Polymer Chemistry – An Introduction. 3rd Ed. Oxford Univ.Press.

4. Challa, G. (1993). Polymer Chemistry - An Introduction. Ellis Horwood.

5. Stephen, L. R. (1993). Fundamental Principles of Polymeric Materials. John Wiley.

SCES2243 GENERAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY

Natural Environment – the earth’s surface, atmosphere, hydrosphere and elemental cycles.

Human impacts on natural environment – water pollution and air pollution and treatment of pollutants.

Assessment Methods: Final examination: 70% Continuous Assessment: 30%


Soft skills: CS1, EM1

References: 1. Andrews, J. E., Brimblecombe, P., Jickells, T. D.

and Liss, P. S. (2004). An Introduction to Environmental Chemistry. Blackwell Science, Oxford.

2. Jackson, A. R. W. and Jackson, J. M. (1996). Environmental Science, Longman, Singapore.

3. Gary W.V. and Stephen J.F. (2005). Environmental Chemistry – A Global Perspective. 2nd Edition, Oxford University Press.

SCES2244 INDUSTRIAL CHEMISTRY

Introduction to the background of industrial chemistry. The local raw materials for the chemical industries viz petroleum, tin, rubber, palm oil, coconut oil and

fragrances. The manufacture of important inorganic chemicals viz type of concretes, type of paints, pharmaceutical products, oleochemical products, insecticidal chemicals and colouring materials. Special topics in the processing of local raw materials to various end-products



Soft skills: CT3

References: 1. Shreve, R. N. (1984). Shreve’s Chemical Process

Industries. 4th Edition McGraw-Hill. 2. Bauer, K. (1985). Common Fragrance and

Flavor Materials. Weinheim. 3. Othmer, K. (1995). Encyclopaedia of Chemical

Technology, 4th Ed. Elsevier.

SCES2245 INTRODUCTION TO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY

Introduction Classical analysis, concentration systems/units, sampling in analysis

Data Treatment Precision and accuracy, statistical methods for error analysis, population and sampling, confidence limits, measurement uncertainty, significant figures, test for mean, rejection of analytical data. Quality control and quality assurance.

Spectrometry Interaction of light energy between atoms and molecules; quantitative aspects of absorption. Molecular spectrometric techniques – UV-Visible, IR, NIR; dispersion, absorption, fluorescence and emission. Spectrophotometric instruments; emission spectroscopy and atomic absorption spectrometry- an introduction, uses of spectrophotometry.

Electroanalytical Chemistry Quantitative analysis – standard addition technique and internal standard technique, Potentiometry – pH glass electrode, solid membrane ion selective electrodes. Polarography, Heyrovsky equation, use of dropping mercury electrode(DME).

Separation Methods Introduction to the theory and process of separation in GC and HPLC, ion exchange chromatography, solvent extraction, partition coefficient, multiple extraction, efficiency. Assessment Methods: Final examination: 70% Continuous Assessment: 30%


16


Soft skills: CT2, CS2, CT5, TS1

References: 1. Skoog, D. A., West, D. M., Holler, F. J. and Crouch,

S. R. (2004). Fundamentals of Analytical Chemistry. 8th Ed. Thomson, Brooks/ Cole.



SCES2246 FUNCTIONAL GROUP CHEMISTRY

Class of organic compounds and functional groups. Synthesis of alkyl and aryl halides and reactions (including SN1 and SN2), synthesis and reactions of alcohol dan ether, synthesis of aldehydes and ketones; reaction of aldehydes and ketones (nucleophilic additions, reduction, oxidation and reactions with organometalic reagent), preparation and reactrion of carboxylic acids and derivatives, phenols and amines. Introduction and brief explanation of simple sugar, carbohydrates, amino acids, peptide and proteins. Assessment Methods: Final examination: 70% Continuous Assessment: 30% Medium of instruction: English Soft skills: CS1 References: 1. Wade, L. G. (2009). Organic Chemistry. 7th Ed.

Prentice/Hall. 2. Solomons, T. W. G. and Fryhle, C. (2008). Organic

Chemistry. 9th Ed. Wiley. 3. Bruice, P. Y. (2007). Organic Chemistry. 5th Ed.

Pearson. 4. Stoker, H. S. (2010). General, Organic and

Biological Chemistry. 5th Ed. Brooks/Cole.

SCES2250 MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY AND INTERPRETATION

Parts of this course need the fundamental understanding of Quantum Chemistry. Students are advised to take this course with SCES2230 or after completing SCES2230. Basic Spectroscopy. Vibrational, Rotational and Electronic Spectroscopy. Basics of spectroscopy.- electromagnetic spectrum, theoretical and practical aspects of spectrocopy.

Rotational and vibrational spectrum of diatomic and polyatomic molecules; interpretative aspects of rotational and vibrational spectroscopy. Raman effect; rotational and vibrational Raman spectroscopy. Atomic electronic spectroscopy; electronic term symbols for atoms. Basics of diatomic and polyatomic electronic spectroscopy. Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Magnetic properties of the electron and nucleus: spin angular momentum and magnetic moment. Behavior of electron and nucleus in magnetic field: space quantization of angular momentum, spin energy, Boltzmann distribution and macroscopic magnetization. Magnetic resonance and experiment. Parameters in the NMR spectrum: chemical shift, spin-spin coupling and nuclear relaxation time (T1 and T2). Advantages of high magnetic field. Double resonance. Effect of nuclear relaxation and double resonance on carbon-13 NMR spectra. Relaxation time T1 and molecular motion. Behavior of quadrupolar nuclei as non-magnetic nuclei, NMR time-scale; effect of exchange phenomena on NMR spectra. Basic principles of solid-state NMR, two-dimensional NMR and NMR imaging. Assessment Methods: Final examination: 70% Continuous Assessment: 30% Medium of instruction: English Soft skills: CS4, CT3, LL3, LS3 References: 1. Banwell, C. N. (1994). Fundamentals of Molecular

Spectroscopy. McGraw Hill. 2. Atkins, P. W. (2006). Physical Chemistry. 8th Ed.

Oxford University Press. 3. Hore, P. J. (1995). Nuclear Magnetic Resonance.

Oxford University Press. 4. Diem, M. (1993). Modern Vibrational Spectroscopy.

John Wiley. 5. Labert and Mazzola (2004). Nuclear Magnetic

Resonance. Prentice Hall. SCES 2252 Basic Electrochemistry Basic electrochemistry on electrode reaction, electrode kinetics, Butler-Volmer equation, Tafel anode and cathode equation, over potential, mass transport, diffusion current and Nernst diffusion layer. Background of electrochemical cell, type of electrode, liquid junction potential, concentrations of electrolyte will be discussed. Techniques for electroanalytical method cover potential step and potential sweep experiment.


17

Assessment Methods: Final examination: 70% Continuous Assessment: 30% Medium of instruction: English Soft skills: CS1, LL1 References: 1. Bard, A. J and Faulkner, L. R. (2001).

Electrochemical Methods Fundamental and Application. 2nd Edition. John Wiley & Sons.

2. Pletcher, D. and Walsh, F. C. (1993). Industrial Electrochemistry. Blackie Academic and Professional.

3. Monk, P. (2001). Fundamentals of Electroanalytical Chemistry, John Wiley & Sons.

4. Wang, J. (2000). Analytical Electrochemistry. 2nd Edition. John Wiley & Sons.

SCES2260 SPECTROSCOPIC METHODS IN ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

IR Spectroscopy Characteristic group frequencies in organic molecules. UV Spectroscopy Electronic transitions and common chromophores in organic compounds; Woodward-Fieser Rules. NMR Spectroscopy Brief theory and origin of the NMR experiment; CW- and modern pulsed FT-NMR; 1H-NMR: the chemical shift: inductive and anisotropic effects; Spin-spin coupling: vicinal coupling, Karplus equation; examples of 1H-1H splitting patterns: AX, AB, AMX, ABX, etc.; allylic and long-range coupling; techniques for improving the NMR spectrum: use of shift reagents; homonuclear-decoupling; effect of higher field strengths, etc. 13C-NMR: natural abundance of 13C and use of pulsed FT techniques; the 13C NMR spectrum: completely-coupled, completely-decoupled; off-resonance-decoupled; APT and DEPT spectra. Carbon chemical shifts and functional groups; Introduction to 2D-NMR: COSY and HETCOR spectra. Mass Spectrometry EIMS – molecular ions, isotope peaks, and fragment ions; HREIMS and determination of molecular formula; principal fragmentation patterns in major classes of organic compounds, McLafferty rearrangement and retro-Diels-Alder processes; CI-, FD-, FAB-, ESI-, and MALDI-MS; GCMS, ESI-LCMS, and MALDITOF-LCMS Application of combined techniques in organic structure determination Assessment Methods: Final examination: 70% Continuous Assessment: 30%


Soft skills: CT1, CT4

References: 1. Silverstein, R. M., Bassler, G. C. And Morrill, T. C.

(1981). Spectrometric Identification of organic compounds. John Wiley & Sons.

2. Kamaliah Mahmood dan Noorsaadah Abd Rahman. (1998). Kaedah Kimia dalam pengenalpastian Sebatian Orgabik. Penerbit University of Malaya.

3. Crews, P., Rodrigues, J. and Jaspars, M. (1998). Organic Structure Analysis. Oxford University Press, New York.

4. Lambert, J. B., Shurvell, H. F., Lightner, D. A. and Cooks, R. G. (1998). Organic Structure Spectroscopy. Prentice-Hall.

5. Williams, D. H. and Fleming, I. (2000). Spectroscopic Methods in Organic Chemistry, McGraw-Hill.

SCES2261 HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY

Introduction, classification and nomenclature of Heterocyclic compounds; Three, four, five and six-membered ring heterocyloalkanes, five-membered ring heteroaromatic compounds with one or two hetero atoms; N , O and S. Six-membered ring, fused ring and heterocyclic bases present in nucleic acids, and selected biologically important heterocyclic compounds. Assessment Methods: Final examination: 70% Continuous Assessment: 30%


Soft skills: CT4

References: 1. Kamaliah Mahmood dan A. Hamid A. Hadi (1988).

Kimia Heterosiklik. Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka. 2. Joules, J. A., Mills, K. and Smith, G. F. (2000).

Heterocyclic Chemistry. 4th Ed. Blackwell Science. 3. Bruice, P. Y. (2010). Organic Chemistry. 6th Ed.

Prentice-Hall. 4. Gilchrist, T. L. (1997). Heterocyclic Chemistry, 3rd

Ed. Pearson.

SCES2262 BIOMOLECULES CHEMISTRY

Chemistry of carbohydrate: Monosaccharide- classification/naming and reactions, disaccharide –naming and method to determine the structure, polysaccharide. Chemistry of lipid: introduction to fatty acid, triacylglycerol, transformation of triacylglycerol, terpene, terpenoid, steroid and prostaglandins. Protein and amino acids and peptide- structure, synthesis and degradation. Nucleic acids.


18




References: 1. Solomons, T. W. G. and Fryhle, C. (2004). Organic

Chemistry, 8th edition, John Wiley & Sons. 2. Stoker, H. S. (2010). General, Organic and

Biological Chemistry. 5th Ed. Brooks/Cole. 5th Ed. 3. Smith, J. G. (2010). General, Organic and Biological

Chemistry. McGraw Hill. 4. Lindhorst, T. K. (2006). Essentials of Carbohydrate

Chemistry and Biochemistry. 3rd Ed. Wiley. 5. Zanariah Abdullah, Noorsaadah Abd. Rahman dan

Kamaliah Mahmood (2001). Biomolekul Suatu Pengenalan. Penerbit Universiti Malaya.

SCES2312 GENERAL INDUSTRIAL CHEMISTRY

Introduction to the background of industrial chemistry. The local raw materials for the chemical industries viz petroleum, tin, rubber, palm oil, coconut oil and fragrances. The manufacture of important inorganic chemicals viz type of concretes, type of paints, pharmaceutical products, oleochemical products, insecticidal chemicals and colouring materials. Special topics in the processing of local raw materials to various endproducts Assessment Methods: Final examination: 70% Continuous Assessment: 30% Medium of instruction: English

Soft skills: CT3

References: 1. Reuben, B. G. and Burstal, M. L. (1973). The

Chemical Economy. Longmans. 2. Shreve, R. N. (1984). Shreve’s Chemical Process

Industries. 4th Ed. McGraw-Hill. 3. Bauer, K. (1985). Common Fragrance and Flavor

Materials. Weinheim. 4. Hamilton, R. J. (1995). Developments in Oils and

Fats, Chapman & Hall. 5. Othmer, K. (1995). Encyclopaedia of Chemical

Technology. 4th Edition. Elsevier.

SCES2313 NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY

Development in nuclear chemistry, nuclei and isotopes, nuclear mass and nuclear stability, nuclear structures and nuclear models, radioactive decay, natural radioactive elements, radiation absorption, effects of

radiation on matters, danger of radiation and dosimetry, detection and measurement of radiation, application of radioisotopes. Assessment Methods: Final examination: 70% Continuous Assessment: 30%


Soft skills: CT2, LL1

References: 1. Loveland, W. D., Morrissey, D. J. and Seaborg, G.

T. (2006). Modern Nuclear Chemistry. 3rd Edition. John Wiley and Sons Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey.

2. Ehmann, W. D. and Vance, D. E. (1991). Radiochemistry and Nuclear Methods of Analysis, John Wiley & Sons Inc.

3. Attrep, M. (2007). Radioanalytical Chemistry Experiments [electronic resource] Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.

4. Choppin, G., Rydberg, J. and Lijenzin, J. O. (2001). Radiochemistry and Nuclear Chemistry. 3rd Edition, Butterworth-Heinemann.

SCES2320 FOOD CHEMISTRY

Introduction to food chemistry; history, chemical and biochemical analysis of food, and safety analysis. Brief discussion on carbohydrates, amino acids and proteins in food. Short discussion on important components of foods; carbohydrates, amino acids, lipids, proteins and enzyme. Food additives and case study will be discussed.

Assessment Methods: Final examination: 70% Continuous Assessment: 30% Medium of instruction: English

Soft skills: CS1, CT2 References: 1. Belitz, H. D., Grosch, W. and Schieberle, P. (2009).

Food Chemistry. 4th Ed. Springer. 2. Damodaran S., Parkin, K. L. and Fennema, O. R.

(2007). Fennema’s Food Chemistry.4th Ed. Talor & Francis, Inc.

3. De Man, J. M. (1999). Principles of Food Chemistry. 3rd Ed. Springer.

SCES2323 MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY

Introduction and basic principle of medicinal chemistry; drug-receptor model, function and drug synthesis such as analgesic compounds, antibiotics, stimulants. Drug

for cardiovascular, -blockers, diuretic, antagonist and


19

others. Drug discovery and design, approaches toward the synthesis of drug compounds. Assessment Methods: Final examination: 70% Continuous Assessment: 30%

Medium of instruction: English Soft skills: CS2, CT2 References: 1. Patrick, G. L. (2009). An Introduction to Medicinal

Chemistry. 4th Ed. Oxford University Press. 2. Wilson and Gisvold (2011). Textbook of Organic

Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry. 12th Ed. J. B. Lippincott Company, Philadelphia.

3. Burnham, B. S., Hall, I. H. and Gringauz, A. (2007). Introduction to Medicinal Chemistry: How Drugs Act and Why. 2nd Ed. Wiley-VCH, New York.

SCES2324 PETROCHEMISTRY

Production of petrochemicals based on gaseous feedstocks: methane, hydrogen, carbon monoxide, ammonia, methanol, ethane, ethyne, propene and butadiene. Introduction to the production of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene. Production of petrochemicals based on liquid feedstocks: benzene, toluene, xylene and other petrochemicals/feedstocks. Assessment Methods: Final examination: 70% Continuous Assessment: 30% Medium of instruction: English Soft skills: CT2, CS1 References: 1. Burdick, D. L. and Leffler, W. L (2001).

Petrochemicals in Nontechnical Language, PennWell Publishing Company.

2. Bhaskararao, B. K. (2007). A Text on Petrochemicals. Khanna Publishers.

3. Energy & Fuels, American Chemical Society (ACS Publications)

SCES2338 SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY

Crystal and close-packed structures. Bonding in solids specifically ionic and partial covalent bonding; bonding in metals and band theory. Crystal imperfections, cases of non-stoichiometry in compounds and solid solutions; phase diagrams.

Electrical, magnetic and optical properties.


Medium of instruction: English Soft skills: CT2, CS1

References: 1. Smart, L.E. and Moore, E.A. (2005). Solid State

Chemistry: An Introduction. 3rd Ed. Taylor & Francis. 2. West, A. R. (1996). Basic Solid State Chemistry.

John Wiley & Sons. 3. Rodgers, G. E. (1994). Introduction to Coordination

Solid State and Descriptive Chemistry. 4. Christman, J. R. Fundamentals of Solid State

Physics. 5. Ladd, M. F. F. (1979). Structure and Bonding in

Solid State Chemistry. Halsted Press.

SCES2339 INDUSTRIAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

Basic Raw Materials Carbon sources, routes based on fats and oils, carbohydrates, coal etc. Alkanes and cycloalkanes: refinery processes: catalytic alkylation, catalytic isomerisation, catalytic reforming, catalytic cracking and hydrocracking.

Industrial Reactions Free radical oxidation: Liquid-phase and gas-phase free radical oxidations. Liquid -phase non -free radical oxidations, such as Wacker Chemie Process, Dow Process and Halcon Process. Heterogeneous-catalysed gas-phase oxidations. Other industrial processes such as chlorination and oxychlorination, aromatic electrophilic substitution, aromatic nucleophilic substitution, hydrolysis, dehydration, esterification, hydrogenation, dehydrogenation hydroformylation, etc. Assessment Methods: Final examination: 70% Continuous Assessment: 30% Medium of instruction: English Soft skills: CS1, CT2 References: 1. Weissermel, K. And Arpe, H. J. (2003). Industrial

Organic Chemistry. 4th Edition. Wiley-VCH. 2. Wiseman, P. (1987). Industrial Organic Chemistry.

2nd Edition. Elsevier Applied Science. 3. Waddams, A. L. (1978). Chemicals from Petroleum.

4th Edition. John Murray. 4. Journal: Chemistry and Industry.


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SCES2415 INDUSTRIAL INORGANIC CHEMISTRY

Introduction to the modern process in the manufacturing of inorganic materials. The important aspect of economic, R&D, break-even chart and environmental factor will be discussed in relation to the production of inorganic materials. The manufacture of important inorganic chemicals viz acids, bases, belaching materials, pigments, con-cretes, glass, ceramics, electronic and photovolt.



Soft skills: CT2, LL1, KK1 References: 1. Reuben, B. G. and Burstall, M.L. (1973). The

Chemical Economy. Longmans. 2. Austin, G. T. (1977). Shreve’s Chemical Process

Industries. McGraw-Hill. 3. Moretto, H. H., Woditsch, P., Terrel, D., Terrel, K. H.

and Buchel, K. H. (2000). Industrial Inorganic Chemistry. John Wiley.

SCES2432 BASIC COLLOID CHEMISTRY

Introduction to colloidal dispersion and types of colloidal dispersions. Particles in the box and colloid chemistry. Brownian motion, Surface charge and colloidal stability. Particle size and fluid deformation. Viscosity, sedimentation and rheology. Self-assembly colloids: micelles, vesicles, emulsions and microemulsions. Instrumentations in Colloidal Chemistry. Colloidal chemistry, nano-science and nanotechnology.


Medium of instruction: English Soft skills: CS1, CT1 References: 1. Adamson, A. W. and Gast, A.P. (1997). Physical

Chemistry of Surfaces. WILEY-INTERSCIENCE. 2. Shaw, D. J. (1992). Introduction to Colloid & Surface

Chemistry. Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford. 3. Israelachvili, J. N. (1992). Intermolecular and

Surface Forces. Academic Press, London. 4. Hiemenz, P. C. and Rjagopalan, R. (1997)

Principles of Colloid & Surface Chemistry. 3rd Ed. Marcel Dekker.

5. Aveyard, R. and Haydon, D. A. (1973). An Introduction to the Principles of Surface Chemistry. Cambridge University Press.

SCES2433 ELECTROCHEMISTRY

Basic electrochemistry on electrode reaction, electrode kinetics, Butler-Volmer equation, Tafel anode and cathode equation, overpotential, mass transport, diffusion current and Nernst diffusion layer. Background of electrochemical cell, type of electrode, liquid junction potential, concentrations of electrolyte will be discussed. Techniques for electroanalytical method cover potential step and potential sweep experiment. Assessment Methods: Final examination: 70% Continuous Assessment: 30% Medium of instruction: English Soft skills: CS1, LL1 References: 1. Bard, A. J and Faulkner, L. R. (2001).

Electrochemical Methods Fundamental and Application. 2nd Edition. John Wiley & Sons.

2. Pletcher, D. and Walsh, F. C. (1993). Industrial Electrochemistry. Blackie Academic and Professional.

3. Monk, P. (2001). Fundamentals of Electroanalytical Chemistry. John Wiley & Sons.

4. Wang, J. (2000). Analytical Electrochemistry. 2nd Edition. John Wiley & Sons.

SCES2434 POLYMER CHEMISTRY I Fundamental Polymer Chemistry Classification and naming. Processes of polymer synthesis: bulk, solution, suspension and emulsion. Mechanisms of polymerization: condensation, Carothers Equations, radical, ionic (cationic and anionic). Copolymerization:structures and properties of copolymers, reactivity ratios. Thermosets: fenoplast, aminoplast, unsaturated polyesters, polyurethanes epoxy resins. Relationship between structure and properties: structural isomers, stereospecific vinyl polymers, and structures of polymers from diene monomers and ways to overcome or reduce the problems of environmental pollutions. Physical Chemistry of Polymers Simple kinetic of radical polymerization. Introduction to the size and conformation of polymer chain. Polymer in solution– interaction between solvent and polymer molecules. Effect of molecular weights on the physical properties of polymers. Distribution of molecular weights and average molecular weights Mn and Mw. Determination of average molecular weight: (a) end-group analysis, (b) osmometry, (c) viscometry.


21

Assessment Methods: Final examination: 50% Continuous Assessment: 20% Practical: 30% Medium of instruction: English

Soft skills: CT2, LL1 References: 1. Fried, J. R. (1995). Polymer Science and

Technology. Prentice Hall International Editions. 2. Harry, R. A. and Frederick, W. L. (1992).

Contemporary Polymer Chemistry. 2nd Ed. Prentice Hall.

3. Steven, M. P. (1999). Polymer Chemistry – An Introduction. 3rd Ed. Oxford Univ. Press.

4. Challa, G. (1993). Polymer Chemistry – An Introduction. Ellis Horwood.

5. Stephen, L. R. (1993). Fundamental Principles of Polymeric Materials. John Wiley.

SCES2437 COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY I

Introduction to computers – history, elements in computers, operating system. Computers in chemistry, internet. Internet based chemistry – introduction to web technologies useful in chemistry, chemical databases, use of chemical web services. Introduction to computational chemistry – history and development, techniques, molecular mechanics and molecular stimulation as well as application examples. Practical laboratory – FORTRAN programming or practical computational chemistry (Gaussian). Assessment Methods: Final examination: 50% Continuous Assessment: 10% Practical: 40% Medium of instruction: English Soft skills: CS1, CT2 References: 1. Hinchliffe, A. (2008). Molecular Modelling for

Beginners. John Wiley & Sons Ltd. UK. 2. Leach, A. R. (2001). Molecular Modeling Principles

and Applications. 2nd Ed. Prentice Hall, New Jersey. 3. Grant, G. H. and Richards, W. G. (1995).

Computational Chemistry. Oxford University Press, Oxford.

4. Young, David C. (2001). Computational Chemistry: A Practical Guide for Applying Techniques to Real World Problems, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York.

5. Dill, K.A. and Bromberg, S. (2003). Molecular Driving Forces: Statistical Thermodynamics in Chemistry & Biology, Garland Science, USA.

SCES3110 INORGANIC CHEMISTRY III

Non-metal Chemistry Descriptive chemistry of non metals such as hydrogen, carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, halogens, silicon, boron and inert gases Organometallics Chemistry Identify organometallic complexes of Transition Group metals & some electronic rules. Preparation of carbonyl, olefin, carbene & metallocene complexes, orbitals involved. Structural elucidations by spectroscopic methods and x-ray structural analysis, reactions related to catalytic industry. Reaction Kinetics and Mechanism of Transition Metal Complexes Introduction to inorganic reaction mechanism. Dissociative, associative and interchange mechanisms. Derivation of the rate law based on the above mechanisms. Substitution reactions of octahedral, tetrahedral and 5-coordinate systems. Substitution reactions catalysed by acid and base. Inner-sphere and outer-sphere mechanisms. Assessment Methods: Final examination: 60% Continuous Assessment: 15% Practical: 25% Medium of instruction: English Soft skills: CS1, CT5 References: 1. Cotton, F. A. and Wilkinson, G. (1972). Advanced

Inorganic Chemistry. John Wiley & Sons. 2. Basolo, F. and Pearson, R. G. (1967). Mechanism

of Inorganic Reactions. A study of Metal Complexes in Solution. 2nd ed. John Wiley & Sons.

3. Henderson, R. A. (1993). The Mechanisms of Reactions at Transition Metal Sites. Oxford Science Publications.

4. Elschenbroich, C. and Salzer, A. (1992). Organometallics: A Concise Introduction. 2nd Ed. VCH.

5. Spessard, G. O. and Miessler, G. L. (1997). Organometallic Chemistry. Prentice Hall.

SCES3120 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY III Introduction to the history and philosophy of organic synthesis; retrosynthetic analysis; protecting groups, chemoselectivity, and functional group interconversions; advanced application of the chemistry of enolates in organic synthesis.


22

Advanced stereochemistry, asymmetric synthesis (diastereoselective dan enantioselective reactions), reagent control; synthesis of one or two important classes of interesting compounds (e.g steroids, prostanoids, macrolides, taxoids etc.).

Physical organic concepts and methods in the determination of reaction mechanisms: products, kinetics, stereochemistry, isotope labelling, kinetic isotope effects, linear free energy relationships. Introduction to the conservation of orbital symmetry: the principle of conservation of orbital symmetry in electrocyclic reactions. Assessment Methods: Final examination: 60% Continuous Assessment: 15% Practical: 25% Medium of instruction: English Soft skills: CT5 References: 1. Carey, F. A. and Sundberg, R. J. (2002). Advanced

Organic Chemistry. Part B: Reactions and Synthesis. 4th Ed. Plenum Press, New York & London.

2. Eliel, E. L., Wilen, S. H. and Mander, L. M. (1994). Stereochemistry of Organic Compounds. John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd.

3. Lowry, T. H. and Richardson, K. S. (1987). Mechanism and Theory in Organic Chemistry. 3rd Ed. Benjamin-Cummings Publishing Company.

4. Harris, J. M. and Wamser, C. C. (1976). Fundamentals of Organic Reaction Mechanisms. Wiley & Sons.

5. Isaacs, N. (1996). Physical Organic Chemistry. 2nd Ed. Prentice Hall.

SCES3130 PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY III Quantum Mehanics Approximate methods: variational method and time-independent perturbation theory; Electronic structure of molecules: Born-Oppenheimer approximation, molecular orbital theory, valence-bond theory, Huckel molecular orbital theory, electron configuration, Slater determinant, angular momentum coupling, molecule terms, spin-orbit and other interactions, symmetry, molecule spectra and selection rules; Hartree-Fock self-consistent-field method and other ab initio methods. Macromolecule Introduction and importance of macromolecular study, main differences of macromolecules compared to other molecules based on size and molecular weight and solutions of macromolecules. Molecular mass distribution and methods of determining the molecular

mass. Natural rubber and in-situ reactions, uses of natural rubber latex and synthetic latex in industries. Chemical Kinetics and the Dynamics of Reactions Diffusion controlled reactions. Activated complex theory and reactions in solutions. The dynamics of molecular collisions. The kinetics of fast reactions. The properties of non-equilibrium. Statistical Thermodynamics The fundamentals of statistical mechanics from the definitions of molecular interactions giving a set of energy levels for N-molecule systems. Statistical treatment to obtain a distribution of the most probable energy configuration or Boltzmann distribution. Introduction to partition function of molecules containing all the information on N-molecule systems. Ensemble concept, incorporated partition function and its relation to thermodynamic properties. Applications of this method in various chemical problems. Assessment Methods: Final examination: 60% Continuous Assessment: 15% Practical: 25% Medium of instruction: English Soft skills: CS1, CT5 References: 1. Atkins, P. W. (2006). Physical Chemistry, 8th ed.

Oxford University Press. 2. Atkins, P. W. (1983). Molecular Quantum

Mechanics, 2nd Ed. Oxford University Press. 3. Lowe, J. P. (1993). Quantum Chemistry, 2nd Ed.

Academic Press. 4. Deanin, D. (1972). Polymer Structure, Properties

and Application. Cahners Books, Boston. 5. Seymour, R. B. and Carraher, C. E. (1992). Polymer

Chemistry. 3rd Ed. Marcel Dekker, New York. SCES3140 INDUSTRIAL CHEMISTRY II

Unit operation; principles of mass transfer, heat transfer and different types of reactor design technology. The focus will be on common reactor design such as batch reactor, Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor (CSTR) and continuous fixed bed reactor. Reaction engineering includes conversion, reactor sizing and kinetics. Case study Selected chemical processes for the production of natural gas, oleochemicals, surfactants, detergents, paints, fragrances, lubricants and adhesives. Assessment Methods: Final examination: 70% Continuous Assessment: 30%


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Medium of instruction: English Soft skills: CT3, LL1. KK1

References: 1. Ertl, G., Konzinger, H. and Weitkamp, J. (1997).

Handbook of Heterogeneous Catalysis, Vol 4-5. Wiley-VCH.

2. Field, R. H. (1988). Chemical Engineering: Introductory Aspects. Houndsmills.

3. Hamilton, R. J. (1995). Developments in Oils and Fats. Chapman & Hall.

4. Othmer, K (1999-2012), Encyclopaedia of Chemical Technology. 4th Edition. John Wiley and Sons

SCES3141 ADVANCED ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY

Trace Analysis Introduction; Techniques and limitations; considerations in implementation of trace analysis Sample Decomposition Steps in total analysis; dry, wet and microwave sample digestion; Appropriate considerations for decomposition of real samples Spectrometry ICP-AES and ICP-MS techniques; arc-sparc and plasma AES; advanced atomic absorption spectrophotometry; XRF.

Separation Methods Advanced aspects on the theory and process of separation in GC and HPLC; van Deemter equation, general resolution equation and HETP, types and selection of stationary phases in GC, capillary GC, reversed phase HPLC; effects of mobile phases in HPLC separations; instrumentation in GC and HPLC; detectors in GC and HPLC; hyphenated techniques – GC-MS and LC-MS.

Electroanalytical Techniques Pulse techniques in polarography, voltammetry using hanging mercury drop electrode (HMDE), platinum electrode, carbon electrode. Stripping analysis; anodic stripping voltammetry, trace analysis. Coulometric analysis, constant potential coulometry, constant current coulometry, applications and advantages. Automation Principles of automation; instrumental analysis, process control; automatic instruments; auto-analyser, microprocessor-controlled instruments; computers in analytical laboratories


Medium of instruction: English Soft skills: CT5, TS1, LL1, LS2 References: 1. Daniel C. Harris (2008). Exploring Chemical

Analysis, 4th Edition, W.H. Freeman Publ. 2. Christian, G. D. (2008). Analytical Chemistry, 7th

Edition, John Wiley & Sons. 3. Skoog, D.A., Holler, F.J and Crouch, S.R. (2007).

Principles of Instrumental Analysis, 6th Edition, Thomson Brooks/Cole.

4. David Harvey (2000). Modern Analytical Chemistry, McGraw Hill Publ.

5. Skoog, D.A., West, D.M., Holler, F.J. and Crouch, S.R. (2004). Fundamentals of Analytical Chemistry, 8th Edition, Brooks/Cole Publ.

SCES3181 PROJECT

Students will carry out project works related to the Bachelor of Science Program. This course is to be continued for a maximum of 2 semesters. Detailed information about this course can be downloaded from the Department’s website. Assessment Methods: Report writing and presentation: 100% Medium of instruction: English Soft skills: CS3, CT5, LL, EM2 SCES3190 INDUSTRIAL TRAINING

Industrial training is the course designed for the B.Sc. (Applied Chemistry). Student is required to follow the industrial training program for a minimum of 8 weeks. Industrial training must be related to chemistry and the student is required to prepare a report for evaluation. The training program will be briefed by the industrial training program supervisor.

Assessment Methods: Presentation and report writing: 100%


Soft skills: CT4, CS6, TS5, EM3

SCES3310 ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY II

Development and Environment- Introduction, the effects of human activities on the environment. Conflicts between development and environment. Sustainable development.


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Environmental Management – History, Environmental Quality Act (1974). Environmental management strategies. Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA). Supporting PROGRAMs and examples of preventive laws applicable in Malaysia and some other developed nations such as U.S.A. Distribution, transport and fate of major pollutants in the environment. Principles of environmental monitoring and sampling, sample storage and pretreatment. Introduction to basic concepts in analytical chemistry and chemical equilibrium. Introduction to major analytical techniques for environmental analysis, including spectroscopic and chromatographic methods. Assessment Methods: Final examination: 50% Continuous Assessment: 20% Practical: 30% Medium of instruction: English Soft skills: CS1, CT3, TS3, EM2 References: 1. Cunningham, W.P., and Cunningham M.A. (2008).

Environmental Science: A Global Concern. 10th Ed. McGraw Hill.

2. Georg Schwedt (2001). The Essential Guide to Environmental Chemistry. John Wiley & Son Ltd

3. Sham Sani (1993). Environment and Development in Malaysia: Changing Concerns and Approaches. ISIS.

4. Hester, R. W. (Ed.) (1996). Understanding Our Environment. 2nd Ed. RSC.

5. Harrison, R. M. (Ed.) (1996). Pollution, Cause and Control. 3rd Ed. RSC.

SCES3311 ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY II

Trace Analysis Introduction; Techniques and limitations; considerations in implementation of trace analysis Sample Decomposition Steps in total analysis; dry, wet and microwave sample digestion; Appropriate considerations for decomposition of real samples.

Spectrometry ICP-AES and ICP-MS techniques; arc-sparc and plasma AES; advanced atomic absorption spectrophotometry; XRF

Separation Methods Advanced aspects on the theory and process of separation in GC and HPLC; van Deemter equation, general resolution equation and HETP, types and selection of stationary phases in GC, capillary GC, reversed phase HPLC; effects of mobile phases in HPLC separations; instrumentation in GC and HPLC;

detectors in GC and HPLC; hyphenated techniques – GC-MS and LC-MS.

Electroanalytical Techniques Pulse techniques in polarography, voltammetry using hanging mercury drop electrode (HMDE), platinum electrode, carbon electrode. Stripping analysis; anodic stripping voltammetry, trace analysis. Coulometric analysis, constant potential coulometry, constant current coulometry, applications and advantages. Automation Principles of automation; instrumental analysis, process control; automatic instruments; auto-analyser, microprocessor-controlled instruments; computers in analytical laboratories. Assessment Methods: Final examination: 50% Continuous Assessment: 20% Practical: 30% Medium of instruction: English Soft skills: CT5, TS1, LL1, LS2 References: 1. Harris, C. D. (2008). Exploring Chemical Analysis,

4th Edition, W.H. Freeman Publ. 2. Christian, G. D (2008). Analytical Chemistry, 7th

Edition, John Wiley & Sons. 3. Skoog, D. A., Holler, F.J. and Crouch, S.R. (2007).

Principles of Instrumental Analysis, 6th Edition, Thomson Brooks/Cole.

4. Harvey, D (2000). Modern Analytical Chemistry, McGraw Hill Publ.

5. Skoog, D. A., West, D. M., Holler, F. J. and Crouch, S. R. (2004). Fundamentals of Analytical Chemistry, 8th Edition, Brooks/Cole Publ.

SCES3314 MATERIALS CHEMISTRY

Materials Characterisation Techniques Introduction to structural and physical characterisation techniques, X-ray diffraction, Scanning electron microscopy, Thermal analysis (TGA, DTA, DSC), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Auger electron spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, NMR spectroscopy. Metal, Glass, Ceramic and Refractory Materials Metal

Introduction to metallic properties, relationship between

structure and metallic properties, phase diagram of metals

and simple alloys. Glass - Glassy state, types of glass,

application. Ceramic and Refractory materials -

Preparation, properties and application, composites


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References: 1. Callister, W. D. (1997). Material Science &

Engineering: An Introduction, 4th edition, John-Wiley & Sons.

2. Willard, H. H., Merritt, L. L., Dean, J.A. and Settle, F.A. (1988). Instrumental Methods of Analysis. 7th edition. Wadsworth Publishing Company.

3. Smith, W. F. (1986). Principles of Materials Science and Engineering, McGraw-Hill

4. Kingery, W. D., Bowen, H. K. and Uhlmann, D. R. (1976). Introduction to Ceramics. 2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons.

SCES3317 BIOINORGANIC AND BIOMIEMTIC CHEMISTRY

Importance of metals in biological system.

Structure of protein. Phorphyrin as ligand. Zinc enzyme. Electron transfer agents : iron-sulphur protein, molybdo and iron-copper protein. Nitrogen fixation. Photosynthesis, chlorophyll, chain component : Cytocrome-C, plastocyanin, electron transfer mechanism along the chain. Superoxide dismutase. Organometallic complexes as chemotherapheutic drugs.



Soft skills: CT2 SCES3319 ELECTROSYNTHESIS

Electrosynthesis in industry for the synthesis of organic and inorganic chemicals; aluminium extraction, chlor-alkali process and sodium hydroxide. Laboratory techniques and instrumentation, quantities and qualitative data analysis. The analysis method enables the determination of redox potential in any compound. Cyclic voltammetry method in diagnosis mechanism will be introduced such as E, EC, CE or ECE reactions mechanism.



Soft skills: CT3

References: 1. Brett C.M. A. and Brett, A. M. O. (1993).

Electrochemistry Principles, Methods and Applications, Oxford Uni. Press Inc.

2. Kissinger, P.T. and Heinemmen, W. R. (1984). Laboratory Techniques in Electroanalytical Chemistry, Marcel Dekker Inc.

3. Pletcher D. and Walsh, F.C. (1993). Industrial Electrochemistry. Blackie Academic and Professional.

4. Hibbert, D. B. (1993). Introduction to Electrochemistry, MacMillan Press Ltd.

5. Oldham, K.B., Myland, J.C., Bond, A.M. (2011). Electrochemical Science and Technology: Fundamentals and Applications, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

SCES3321 BIOSYNTHESIS

Biosynthesis of natural products. Enzymes and enzymatic processes. Application of isotopes (especially in conjunction with 13C-NMR), in the study of biosynthetic mechanisms. Biosynthesis of polyketides; fatty acids, prostanoids, aromatic compounds and macrocyclic antibiotics. Biosynthesis of terpenes, terpenoids, and natural rubber. Shikimic acid. Selected biosynthesis of several interesting natural product molecules (e.g. terpenoids, aromatic compounds, carbohydrates, etc.)



Soft skills: CT3, LL3 References: 1. Stoker, H. S. (2010). General, Organic and

Biological Chemistry, 5th Ed. Brooks/Cole. 2. Voet, D. and Voet, J. (2004). Biochemistry. 3rd Ed.

Wiley. 3. Bu'Lock and Kurt, B. G. Kimia Hasil Semulajadi.

DBP, Kuala Lumpur. 4. Mann, J. (1987). Secondary Metabolism. 2nd

Edition. Oxford University Press. 5. Mann, J. (1994). Chemical Aspects of Biosynthesis.

Oxford University Press.


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SCES3324 NATURAL PRODUCTS CHEMISTRY

A study of natural products by focusing to their development and application of pharmaceuticals, pesticides, colouring and perfumes. Investigation of selected natural products such as alkaloid, terpenoid, flavonoid, lignan, glycoside compounds and semiochemistry. Selected instruments and spectroscopic methods for separation and structural elucidation of natural products (including 2D NMR method) will be discussed.




References: 1. Finar, I. L. Organic Chemistry. Vol: 2,

Streochemistry and the chemistry of Natural Products. Longman.

2. Bruneton, J. (1995). Pharmacognosie, Phytochimie et plantes Medicinals, Lavoisier

3. Kurt, B. G. Torsel (terjemahan Nordin Lajis) (1992). Kimia hasil semulajadi, pendekatan biosintesis dan mekanisme kepada metabolisme sekunder. DBP.

4. Pavia, L. K. (2001). Introduction to spectroscopy. Harcourt College Publishers.

5. Cannell, R. J. P. (1998). Natural Product Isolation. Hamuna Press.

SCES3327 ORGANIC SYNTHESIS

Retrosynthetic analysis and synthesis design. Selectivity in synthesis: chemo-, regio-, and stereoselectivity. Synthesis of acyclic and cyclic compounds. Concept of umpulong; functional group interconversion. Use of organometallic reagents in syntheses. Asymmetric synthesis; selected examples from classical and contemporary syntheses.


Medium of instruction: English Soft skills: CS2, CT3 References: 1. Warren, S. (1982). Organic Synthesis: The

Disconnection Approach. John Wiley and Sons. Chichester, New York, Brisbane, Toronto, Singapore.

2. Carey, F. A. and Sundberg, R. J. (2002). Advanced Organic Chemistry. Part B: Reactions and Synthesis, 4th Ed. Plenum Press, New York & London.

3. Smith, M. B. (2001). Organic Synthesis. 2nd Ed. McGraw Hill Inc.

4. Smith, M. B. and March, J. (2001). March's Advanced Organic Chemistry: Reactions, Mechanisms, and Structure (March's Advanced Organic Chemistry). 5th Ed. Wiley-Interscience.

5. Smith, W. A., Bochkov, A.F. and Caple, R. (1998). Organic Synthesis: The Science Behind the Art, RSC.

SCES3328 MECHANISTIC ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

Reactive intermediates in organic chemistry including carbocations, free radicals, carbenes, nitrenes, and radical-ions. Chemistry of free radicals: reactions and mechanisms of free radicals including addition, rearrangement, cyclization and fragmentation; applications of radical reactions in organic synthesis; reactions of carbenes, nitrenes, and ion-radicals. Formation, stability, and rearrangements of carbocations. Mechanistic details of selected classes of organic reactions such as nucleophilic substitution, hydrolysis, polar rearrangements, electron-transfer reactions, photochemical reactions. Pericyclic reactions: molecular orbitals; conservation of orbital symmetry in concerted reactions: theory and applications of electrocyclic reactions, sigmatropic rearrangeents and cycloidditions. Applications in organic synthesis.



Soft skills: CT6

References: 1. Woodward, R. B. and Hoffmann, R. (1970). The

Conservation of Orbital Symmetry. Academic Press Inc.

2. March, J. and Smith, M. (2007). Advanced Organic Chemistry. 6th Ed. New York: John Wiley & Sons.

3. Lowry, T. H. and Richardson, K. S. (1987). Mechanism and Theory in Organic Chemistry. 3rd Ed. Harper and Row.

4. Bellamy, A. J. (1974). An Introduction to the Conservation of Orbital Symmetry. Longman.

5. Fleming, I. (1976). Frontier Orbitals and Organic Chemical Reactions. Wiley.

SCES3329 PHYSICAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

Application of physical organic concepts in the determination of organic reaction mechanisms: kinetics and energetics; stereochemistry; solvent effects; kinetic isotope effects; linear free energy relationships.

Catalysis: catalysis in molecules, induced catalysis, covalent catalysis, nucleophilic catalysis, general acid-


27

and general-base catalysis, micellar catalysis and enzymatic catalysis.



Soft skills: CT5

References: 1. M. Niyaz Khan (2006). Micellar catalysis, CRC

Press, Taylor & Francis Group. 2. Jencks, W. P. (1969). Catalysis in Chemistry and

Enzymology. McGraw-Hill, New York. 3. March, J. (1992). Advanced Organic Chemistry:

Reactions, Mechanisms and Structure, McGraw-Hill. 4th Ed.

4. Hine, J. (1975). Structural Effects on Equilibria in Organic Chemistry. Wiley.

5. Reichardt, C. (1988). Solvents and Solvent Effects in Organic Chemistry, VCH, New York.

SCES3332 ADVANCED MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY

Selections of topics are as follows:

Basic quantum mechanics and group theory for spectroscopy; vibrational spectroscopy of polyatomic molecules, selection rules and analysis of normal modes of vibration; introduction to high resolution spectroscopy, electronic spectroscopy, and modern techniques in spectroscopy. Laser techniques and applications of lasers in spectroscopy.

NMR: Sensitivity and time scale of techniques of spectroscopy; quantum mechanics of two spin system. Nuclear relaxation mechanisms, nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE). Magnetization transfer. NMR of quadrupolar nuclei in the solid and solution states. Solid state NMR, direct dipolar coupling, chemical shift anisotropy, magic angle rotation, and multidimensional NMR, NMR of liquid crystals.



Soft skills: CS3, CT3 References: 1. Hollas, J. M. (1992). Modern Spectroscopy. 2nd Ed.

John Wiley. 2. Harris, R. K. (1986). Nuclear Magnetic Resonance

Spectroscopy. Longman.

3. Diem, M. (1993). Modern Vibrational Spectroscopy. John Wiley.

4. Harris, D. C. and Bertolucci, M. D. (1989). Symmetry and Spectroscopy. Dover Publications.

SCES3333 APPLIED ELECTROCHEMISTRY

Electroplating Describe, define and contrast different types of deposition techniques. Identify and describe advantages and disadvantages of electroplating.

Battery and Fuel Cells Describe fundamentals and analyze components of a battery, charge and discharge of battery, types of battery, types of fuel cells. Compare and contrast different types of batteries and fuel cells.

Corrosion Describe “corrosion cell”. Describe, define and compare different of types of corrosion in industry. Describe, explain and define types of corrosion protection.

Electrochemical Sensors Describe, define, compare and contrast potentiometric and amperometric sensors and the fundamentals underlying them, identify factors for a good electrochemical sensor, describe examples of electrochemical sensors.




References: 1. Pletcher, D. and Walsh, F.C. (1990). Industrial

Electrochemistry. 2nd Edition. 2. Wang, J. (2000). Analytical Electrochemistry. 3. Skoog, Holler and Nieman (1998). Principles of

Instrumental Analysis.

SCES3334 POLYMER CHEMISTRY II

Characterization of a Polymer System Non-instrumental techniques – (a) density measurements / comparisons, and (b) heating and burning tests. Instrumental techniques - (a) thermal analysis (DSC & TGA), (b) infrared spectroscopy, and (c) NMR spectroscopy. Aspects of the strengths and weaknesses of these techniques in polymer characterization and their applications in research and industry will be introduced. Relevant examples will be discussed and set as assignments.


28

Polymer Processing Basic polymer processing – extrusion, pultrusion, injection, compression and blow mouldings, mixing mechanism, etc.

Principle of compounding polymer – identifying the polymer mixture, microstructure of compound and final properties.

Extrusion and formation technology using die – analysis and operation of the single screw and the twin screw extruders.

Principles of injection moulding – Machine structure and mould design, thermoplastic injections, relationship between processing conditions, microstructure and material properties.

Mechanical Properties of Polymer Glassy and crystalline conditions, rheology of polymer, failure phenomena, and yield property.



Soft skills: CS1, CT6, LL3, KK1

References: 1. Deanin, D. (1972). Polymer structure, properties and

application. Cahners Books, Boston. 2. Seymour, R. B. and Carraher, C.E., Jr. (1992).

Polymer Chemistry - an introduction, Marcel Dekker Inc.

3. Stevens, M. P. (1975). Polymer Chemistry - An introduction. Addison-Wesley,

4. Sperling, H. (1992). Introduction to Physical Polymer Sciences. 2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons, N.Y.

5. Ward, I. M. and Hadley, D. W. (1993). An Introduction to the Mechanical Properties of Solid Polymers. Wiley.

SCES3335 ADVANCED COLLOID CHEMISTRY

An advanced course for students having some knowledge in colloids chemistry. Students will be taught on some of selected topics in colloid chemistry such as surfactants and monolayers, emulsions, Winsor systems, foams and related topics on surface interfacial instrumentations.

Discussion on theory of emulsion and microemulsions covering some aspects of Winsor systems and surfactant intermolecular interaction at interface. Application of emulsions and microemulsion in nanomaterial synthesis. Theory on monolayer and monolayer stability will be also be discussed.

Students will also be taught on some instruments in interfacial analysis and flow behavior of materials.



References: 1. Adamson, A. W. and Gast, A.P. (1997). Physical

Chemistry of Surfaces. WILEY-INTERSCIENCE. 2. Shaw, D. J. (1992). Introduction to Colloid & Surface

Chemistry. Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford. 3. Hiemenz, P. C. and Rjagopalan, R. (1997).

Principles of Colloid & Surface Chemistry. 3rd Ed. Marcel Dekker.

4. Aveyard, R. and Haydon, D.A. An Introduction to the Principles of Surface Chemistry. Cambridge University Press.

5. Evans, D. F. and Wennerström, H. (1999). The Colloidal Domain: Where Physics, Chemistry, Biology and Technology Meet. 2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons.

SCES3336 LIQUID CRYSTAL

Historical development of liquid crystals. Mesogens and molecular structures. Molecular organisations in nematic, cholesteric, and smectic mesophases. Thermotropic and lyotropic liquid crystals. Polymorphism in liquid crystals. Quantitative description of molecular order and elastic properties of liquid crystals. Effects of magnetic field, electric field and surface forces on liquid crystals. Scientific applications of low-molar mass liquid crystals as anisotropic solvents in NMR. Applications of liquid crystals in electro-optic display devices. Liquid crystal main-chain and liquid crystal side-chain polymers. Technological applications of liquid crystal polymers.




References: 1. Collings, P. J. and Hird, M. (1997). Introduction to

Liquid Crystals - Chemistry and Physics, Taylor and Francis.

2. Tharwat F. Tadros (2005). Applied Surfactants: Principles and Applications. WILEY-VCH.


29

3. Emsley, W. and Lindon, J. C. NMR Spectroscopy using Liquid Crystal Solvents. Pergamon Press.

4. Singh, S. and David A Dunmur, (2002). Liquid Crystals: Fundamentals. World Scientific

5. Robert H. Chen, (2011). Liquid Crystal Displays: Fundamental Physics and Technology. John Wiley & Sons.

SCES3337 COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY II

Computational rechniques including the following methods: Orbital molecule method, Hartree Fock self-consistent-field (SCF) and its solution, ab initio and semiempirical. Post Hatree Fock technique will be discussed as well. Molecular mechanics method, force field.

Monte Carlo simulations and molecular dynamics. Reaction dynamics.

Neural network in chemistry.

Practical Applications of computational techniques in solving chemical problems. Employing of computational chemistry packages for this purpose.




References: 1. Bachrach, S. M., (2007) Computational Organic

Chemistry, WILEY. 2. Koch, W. and Holthausen, M.C (2001) A Chemist's

Guide to Density Functional Theory, WILEYVCH.. 3. Sholl, D. S, (2009) Density Functional Theory: A

Practical Introduction, WILEY. 4. Jensen, F. (1999). Introduction to Computational

Chemistry, WILEY. 5. Dronskowski , R. (2006) Computational Chemistry of

Solid State Materials: A Guide for Materials Scientists, Chemists, Physicists and others, WILEYVCH.

SCES3340 CATALYSIS

Introduction to catalysis, role and implication of catalyst in a chemical reaction. Concept of catalysis in general in which the catalytic function and structure, catalyst design, synthesis methods, characterisation techniques will be covered.

Catalyst performance and causes for catalyst deactivation will be also introduced. A few examples in the application of catalyst in chemical industrial processes will be briefly included

Assessment Methods: Final examination: 70% Continuous Assessment: 30% Medium of instruction: English Soft skills: CT3

References: 1. Ertl, G., Kozinger, H. dan Weitkamp, J. (Eds) (1997).

Handbook of Heterogenous Catalysis, Vol I dan II. Wiley-VCH.

2. Moulijn, J.A., van Leeuwen, P.W.N.M. and van Santen, R.A. (1993). Catalysis: An Integrated Approach to Homogeneous, Heterogeneous and Industrial Catalysis (Studies in Surface Science and Catalysis). Elsevier.

SCES3352 COMPOSITE POLYMER MATERIALS

General Theory of Composites Introduction , origin of reinforcement process, Cox shearlag, prediction of tensile Young modulus, modulus for composites with parallel fibre, calculation of Young modulus of composites with complex fibre arrangement, mechanical properties at high extensions including Kelly-Tyson model, calculation of fracture strength of composite materials.

Process of Forming Composite Structure Filament winding, compression moulding, pultrusion, general comparison of properties of composite materials and non-reinforced materials.



Soft skills: CT2, CS1

References: 1. Nielsen, L. E. (1993). Mechanical Properties of

Polymers and Composites. Marcel Dekker, New York. 2. Hull, D. (1981). An Introduction to Composite Materials.

Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. 3. Harris, B. (1986). Engineering Composite Materials.

The Institute of Metals, London. 4. Crawford, R. J. (1998). Plastics Engineering. 3rd Ed.

Butterworth-Heinemann.


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SCES 3355 APPLIED ORGANOMELTALLIC CHEMISTRY

Homogeneous catalysis: the use of transition metal complexes in catalytic cycle. Application of organometallic compounds in organic synthesis.

Identify metals used in biological processes & drugs. Definition of cancer cells & treatments. Some metal complexes such as cisplatin, ruthenium and gold in treating cancer. Preparation of these complexes. Structure and activity relationship.



Soft skills: CT2

References: 1. Elschenbroich, C. and Salzer, A. (1989).

Organometallics: A Concise Introduction. VCH, 2. Kaim, W. and Schwederski, B. (1995). Bioinorganic

Chemistry: Inorganic elements in the Chemistry of Life. John Wiley & Sons.

3. Coordination Chemistry Reviews Journal 4. Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry

SCES3362 INSTRUMENTATION TECHNIQUES IN CHEMISTRY

General introduction to current characterization techniques and detailed discussion in the latest development in any three (3) of the instrumental techniques list below.

1. X-ray diffractometry 2. Mössbauer spectroscopy 3. Thermal Analysis 4. Raman spectroscopy 5. Radiochemical technique 6. Scanning Electron microscopy

Multinuclear Magnetic resonance spectroscopy

Assessment Methods: Final examination: 70% Continuous Assessment: 30% Medium of instruction: English

Soft skills: CT2 References: 1. Drago, R. S. (1992). Physical Methods for Chemists.

2nd Edition. Saunders College Publishing. SCES3363 SPECIAL TOPICS IN CHEMISTRY

Topics are chosen from special interests and expertise of lecturers. Topics will be announced at the beginning of each Session.


Medium of instruction: English Soft skills: CT4

References 1. Drago, R. S. (1992). Physical Methods for

Chemists. 2nd Edition. Saunders College Publishing. 2. Other references.


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FACULTY ELECTIVES COURSES (10 CREDITS) [EF] For students from institute/departments other than the Department of Chemistry within Faculty of

Science. Students may choose any of the following course

Course Code

Course Name Pre-requisite Credit

SCES1200 Principles Chemistry Chemistry STPM or Equivalent 2

SCES1210 Inorganic Chemistry l Chemistry STPM or Equivalent 3

SCES1220 Organic Chemistry I Chemistry STPM or Equivalent 3

SCES1230 Physical Chemistry I Chemistry STPM or Equivalent 3

SCES2243 General Environmental Chemistry

SCES1210 and SCES1220 2

SCES2244 Industrial Chemistry SCES1200 2

SCES2245 Introduction to Analytical Chemistry

SCES1200, SCES1210,SCES1220 and SCES1230

2

SCES2246 Functional Group Chemistry SCES1220 3

SCES2262 Biomolecules Chemistry SCES1220 2

SCES2313 Nuclear Chemistry SCES 1200 and SCES1210 2

SCES2320 Food Chemistry SCES1220 2


SCES2324 Petrochemistry SCES 1200 and SCES1210 2


SCES2415 Industrial Inorganic Chemistry

SCES1200 and SCES1210 2


bachelor of science programme (chemistry) session … · sces1200 principles chemistry chemistry...

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