Back to the Future—The Increasing Importance of the States

in Setting the Research Agenda

Lecture in the Series

“Defining Values of Research and Technology: The University's Changing Role”

Center for Advanced Study

University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL

April 11, 2001

Land Grant InstitutionsFounding Principles

• The Universities Were Founded to:– Educate a Broad Workforce and Citizenry– Perform Research to Create More Productive

Economy– Provide Services to the Economic Creators

• Clear Coupling to Economy:– Agriculture– Manufacturing– Embedded in a Liberal Arts Education

• Morrill Act– Federal Support for State Functions

The Land Grant Values are Reflected in the University of Illinois Seal

The Critical Role of Federal Funding in Creating the Information Economy

Source: Brooks-Sutherland Report (1995)www.nap.edu/catalog/4948.html

The Critical Role of Federal Funding in Creating the Information Economy

Source: Brooks-Sutherland Report (1995)www.nap.edu/catalog/4948.html

PITAC Findings and Recommendations

• Federal Funding Has:– Seeded High-Risk Research– Yielded Many Billion-Dollar Industries – Trained Most of Our Leading IT Researchers – Created Ideas Which Freely Flow From

Universities and National Labs to Existing and New Companies

• The United States Must Not Only Continue, but Also Substantially Increase, Long-term Fundamental Information Technology Research Programs in Universities

Large Federal Programs Can Make Major Changes in Infrastructure

• NSF Supercomputer Centers Program– Access to Supercomputers– Large Dataset Archive– NSFnet– Scientific Visualization and Virtual Reality– The Web Browser and Server Software

• Partnerships in Advanced Computational Infrastructure (PACI)– Access Grid– Superclusters– User Portals– Optical and International Networks– Distributed Terascale Facility

Characteristics of PACI

• Federal Government is Primary Fund Source– Defines the Program, Holds the Competition– Evaluates the Progress

• State Supports Fed Initiative Thru Cost Sharing– Major Source for Staff Salary– Extra Funds for New Buildings

• Industrial Partners Leverage Federal Funding:– Proprietary Projects Which Led to New Capabilities– Funds for New Initiatives – Focus on Large Companies Using Information Tech.

• Community Outreach Created New Organizations – CCnet

Private Donors Can Link Public Universities, Industry, and Federal Funds

• UIUC Beckman Institute– $30M Private Donor– Recurring State

Operational Funds– New Building and

Facilities– Enhances Federal

Funding Opportunities– Active Tech Transfer– Strong Overlap with

NCSA/Alliance

Biological Intelligence

Human-Computer Intelligent Interaction

Molecular and Electronic Nanostructures

Governor Davis Created New Institutes for Science, Innovation, and Tech Transfer

UCSBUCLA

The California NanoSystems Institute

UCSFUCB

The California Institute for Bioengineering, Biotechnology,

and Quantitative Biomedical Research

UCI

UCSD

The California Institute for Telecommunications

and Information Technology

The Center for Information Technology Research

in the Interest of Society(Proposed-UCB, UCD, UCSC, UCM)

UCSC

California Institutes Characteristics

• State Provides Core Funding– Defined the Overall Structure– Allowed UC Campuses to Choose Research Topics– Holds the Competition– Funds for New Buildings and Equipment– Major Source for Staff Salary (proposed)

• Requirement for 2:1 Cost Sharing– State Seeks Leverage– Increase Competitiveness for Federal Grants– Tight Coupling with Industry

UC San Diego and UC Irvine California Institute for Telecommunications and Information Technology

• New Funding Model (4 Years)– State $100M– Industry $140M– Private $30 M– Campus $30M– Federal $100-200M (anticipated)– Total $400-500M

• Institute Directors– Larry Smarr (UCSD), Institute Director– Ron Graham (UCSD), Institute Chief Scientist– Ramesh Rao, UCSD Campus Director– Peter Rentzepis, UCI Campus Director

www.calit2.net

• Wireless Access--Anywhere, Anytime

• Broadband to the Home and Small Businesses

• Vast Increase in Internet End Points– Embedded Processors

– Sensors and Actuators

– Information Appliances

• Highly Parallel Light Waves Through Fiber

• Emergence of a Distributed Planetary Computer– Storage of Data Everywhere

– Scalable Computing Power

Beyond Today’s Internet

Complex Problems Require a New Research and Education Framework

www.calit2.net

220 UCSD & UCI FacultyWorking in Multidisciplinary Teams

With Students, Industry, and the Community

System Integrated ApproachFocus on Intersections

The Southern High Tech CoastIs Well Organized for Partnering

• From Bandwidth Bay to Wireless Valley– 70,000 Fiber Strand-Miles Under Downtown SD– Nation’s Center for Wireless Companies

• San Diego Telecom Council – www.sdtelecomcouncil.org – 200 Member Companies– SIGs on Optical, Wireless, Satellite, etc.

• UCSD CONNECT – www.connect.org – UCSD Program in Technology and Entrepreneurship

• Many Others– BIOCOM – Mayor’s Science and Technology Commission– UCI Chief Executive Roundtable– …

A Broad Partnership Response from the Private Sector

Akamai Boeing

BroadcomAMCC CAIMISCompaq

Conexant Copper Mountain

EmulexEnterprise Partners VC

EntropiaEricsson

Global PhotonIBM

IdeaEdge VenturesIntersil

Irvine SensorsLeap Wireless

Litton IndustriesMedExpert

Merck Microsoft

Mission VenturesNCR

Newport CorporationOrincon

Panoram Technologies Printronix

QUALCOMMQuantum

R.W. Johnson Pharmaceutical RISAIC

SciFrameSeagate Storage

Silicon Wave Sony

STMicroelectronicsSun Microsystems

TeraBurst Networks Texas InstrumentsUCSD Healthcare The Unwired Fund

WebEx

ComputersCommunications

SoftwareSensors

BiomedicalStartups

Venture Firms

Large Partners>$10M Over 4 Years

Elements of the Cal -(IT)2 Industrial Partnerships

• Endowed Chairs for Professors

• Start-Up Support for Young Faculty

• Graduate Student Fellowships

• Research and Academic Professionals

• Sponsored Research Programs

• Equipment Donations for Cal-(IT)2 and Campus

• Named Laboratories in new Institute Buildings

• Pro Bono Services and Software

The Institute is Built on Existing UCSD/UCI Faculty Strengths

Broadband Wireless

LOW-POWEREDCIRCUITRY

ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION

COMMUNICATIONTHEORY

COMMUNICATIONNETWORKS

MULTIMEDIAAPPLICATIONS

RFMixed A/D

ASICMaterials

Smart AntennasAdaptive Arrays

ModulationChannel CodingMultiple Access

Compression

ArchitectureMedia Access

SchedulingEnd-to-End QoS

Hand-Off

ChangingEnvironment

ProtocolsMulti-Resolution

Center for Wireless Communications

Source: UCSD CWC

MicroSensors Will Radically Alterthe Human-Computer Interface

Valveless Microfluidics

Mechanical Stress and Acceleration Sensors

Micro Optical Assemblies(Lenses and Mirrors)

MEMS structures fabricated and tested at the UCI Integrated Nanosystems Research Facility

0.1 mm

The Perfect Storm: Convergence of Engineering with BioMed, Physics, & IT

5 nanometersHuman Rhinovirus

IBM Quantum CorralIron Atoms on Copper400x

Magnification

New Clean Facilities

VCSELaser

500x Magnification 2 mm

Nanogen MicroArray

The UCSD Cal-(IT)2 BuildingPreliminary Design

• New Media Arts Spaces– Research Lab– Visualization Labs– Audiovisual Editing Facilities– Gallery Space– Helping Design Auditorium

Occupancy 2004220,000 Gross SF

Cal-(IT)2 Will Seek to Foster Links Between Art, Technology, & Science

“UCSD ”

½ Mile

•Commodity Internet, Internet2•High-speed WAN (OC48+)•Link UCSD and UCI

• Campus Wireless

The UCSD “Living Grid Laboratory”—Fiber, Wireless, Compute, Data, Software

SIO

SDSC

CS

ChemMed

Eng. / Cal-(IT)2

Hosp

• High-speed optical core• 8 Gigabit now• 80 Gigabit in 18 months• 1 Terabit in 36 Months

Source: Phil Papadopoulos, SDSC

Institute Relies on PACI Infrastructure and Developments

802.11b Wireless

Interactive Access to:• State of Computer• Job Status• Application Codes

The High PerformanceWireless Research and Education Network

NSF FundedPI, Hans-Werner Braun, SDSC

Co-PI, Frank Vernon, SIO45mbps Duplex Backbone

http://hpwren.ucsd.edu/Presentations/HPWREN

Wireless Antennas Anchor Network High Speed Backbone

http://hpwren.ucsd.edu/Presentations/HPWREN

Source: Hans-Werner Braun, SDSC

The Wireless Internet Adds Bio-Chemical-Physical Sensors to the Grid

• From Experiments to Wireless Infrastructure

• Scripps Institution of Oceanography

• San Diego Supercomputer Center

• Cal-(IT)2

• Building on Pioneering Work of Hans-Werner Braun & Frank Vernon

Source: John Orcutt, SIO

The Wireless Internet Will Improve the Safety of California’s 25,000 Bridges

New Bay Bridge Tower with Lateral Shear Links

Cal-(IT)2 WillDevelop and Install

Wireless Sensor ArraysLinked to

Crisis Management Control Rooms

Source: UCSD Structural Engineering Dept.

High Resolution Data Analysis FacilityLinked by Optical Networks to PACI TeraGrid

Planned for Fall 2001 at SIOSupport from SDSC and SDSU

Panoram Technologies, SGI, Sun, TeraBurst Networks,

Cox Communications, Global PhotonInstitute Industrial Partners

The Institute Will Expand Our CapabilitiesUsing NCSA/Alliance Developments

• Cluster in a Box

• Computational Grid Software in a Box

• Access Grid Software In a Box

• Display Wall in a Box

Source: Dan Reed, NCSA Alliance

Can Use of These Technologies Help Us Avoid the Downsides of Prolonged Growth?

• Add Wireless Sensor Array

• Build GIS Data• Focus on:

– Pollution– Water Cycle– Earthquakes– Bridges– Traffic– Policy

• Work with the Community to Adapt to Growth

HuntingtonBeach

Mission Bay

San Diego Bay

UCSD

UCI

High Tech Coast

Wireless “Pad” Web Interface

The Institute Facilitates Faculty Teams to Compete for Large Federal Grants

Deep Web

Surface Web

Proposal-Form a National Scale Testbed for Federating Multi-scale Brain Databases

Using NIH High Field NMR Centers

Source: Mark Ellisman, UCSD

DukeUCLA

Cal Tech

StanfordU. Of MN

Harvard

NCRR Imaging and Computing Resources UCSD

Cal-(IT)2SDSC