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BACKGROUND OF PSYCHOLOGY PHL3B – Psychology Applied to Business

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Background of Psychology

Background of PsychologyPHL3B Psychology Applied to Business

The Two Systems of PsychologyThere are two notable systems of Psychology, the philosophical and the scientific.During the ancient period towards the middle period, any endeavour with regards to philosophy or science were considered to be one.It has been only at the end of the Middle Ages or Dark Ages that a clear cut demarcation between philosophy and science has been pronounced.

How do we distinguish between philosophical psychology and scientific psychology?

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Philosophical Psychology and Scientific PsychologyIn the course of history, philosophy and science (physical science) were separated.While philosophy and science are both interested in knowing the causes of things, philosophy studies the ultimate and fundamental causes of things.While science deals with the immediate and proximate causes of things.Philosophy deals with the spiritual cause of things, while science deals with the material cause of things. Philosophy, in its study, uses reason and observation, while science uses experimentation.

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Is Philosophical Psychology and Experimental Psychology Opposed to one another?http://videos.revision3.com/revision3/images/shows/geekbeattv/0947/geekbeattv--0947--science-vs-philosophy--large.thumb.jpg

The Philosophical System of PsychologyThe ancient Greeks were the first to develop a comprehensive philosophical system.In their investigation and philosophizing, they have included in their questions the problem of human nature.What is man? They asked.Aside from the Greeks, other cultures and civilizations were also concerned about this question of human nature.

Aristotle on PsychologyAmong the Greeks, Aristotle stood out as the most important philosopher. His writings were so diverse that he was able to cover a whole range of topics such as the question on God to the question on the world, and from the question on the material things to the question on the intellect of man.One of the important things that he presented is his distinction of human nature from the other living natures.

Aristotle on the Human soulAristotle is one of the first theories and principles of psychology.He defined man as a rational animal, emphasizing that part of man as being a rational animal there are three operations of man: vegetative, sentient, and rational. But it must be noted that the highest and proper operation of man for Aristotle is the rational operation.

Aristotle on the three Types of Souls

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Psychology and Modern PhilosophySucceeding philosophers also made some contributions to philosophy, but their interests were greatly on philosophy.During the 17th century, the French philosopher Rene Descartes, described the relation between the body and the mind as one of interaction.During that same period, Thomas Hobbes declared that all our ideas came from sensory experience. John Locke declared that the mind at birth is a tabula rasa or a blank slate.

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Wilhelm Wundt: The Father of Experimental Psychologyhttp://www.uni-leipzig.de/~psycho/wundt/toes/group03.jpg

Wilhelm Wundt: The Father of Experimental Psychology (cont.)Today, the word psychology, or modern psychology commonly refers to experimental psychology. Experimental psychology is known to have started in Germany. Wilhelm Wundt, with the opening of his laboratory in Leipzig in 1879, is considered as the father of experimental psychology.A few years later after the opening of the first laboratory in Leipzig, psychological laboratories in the United States were also opened.Experimental psychology is now a very advanced science that covers a very wide field of study.It is now applied to every aspect of life which touches on human nature and behaviour including the world of business.


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