Bacteria & Archaea

Rhizobium RhizobiumLeguminosarum

• Description: Rhizobium forms an endosymbiotic relation with the roots of legumes and Parasponia. They colonize plant cells inside the root nodules. This bacteria provides organic nitorgenouscompounds to the plants while the plants give the bacteria organic compounds made through photosynthesis.

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Nitrosomonas Europaea

• Description: Nitrosomonas Europaeais a chemolithoautotroph, which means it derives its energy from reduced mineral sources. It lives in soil, sewage, freshwater, and on building surfaces especially in polluted sections with high concentration levels of nitrogen compounds in the air. Cell division can take up to several days do to the large amounts of ammonia needed by this bacteria.

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Thiomargarita namibiensis

• Description: ThiomargaritaNamibiensis is found off the shore of Nambia in the ocean sediments of the continental shelf. It is the largest bacterium ever discoveredandcan be seen by the naked eye. Small granules of sulfur are trapped in the long chains of this bacteria and that gives it’s yellow appearance. It is chemolithotrophic .

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Chondromyces Crocatus

• Description: ChondromycesCrcatus forms fruitbodieslike that of fungi and therefore were first mistaken for a fungus. It turned out that it was a bacterium. The clusters at the top of the streams are consists of many bacteria of this species that send out rods from themselves to connect with other cluster.

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Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus

• Description: Bdellovibriobacteriovorus is found just about anywhere including the intestines of a human being. They do prefer marine habitats. They cannot reproduce by themselves so they invade a larger bacterium and kill it to use its remains to make more of itself.

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Helicobacter pylori

• Description: Helicobacter pylori is found in the stomach. About 50% of the world population has this organism in their upper intestinal tracts. The presence of this bacteria is slowly disappearing in western countries. About 80% of people infected with this bacteria show no symptoms. Symptoms such as nausea, stomach and abdominal aches, acute gastritis, and non-ulcer dyspepsia.

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Chlamydia Trachomatis

• Description: Chlamydia Trachomatis are parasitic microorganisms that grow and reproduce inside the cells of a host. It can cause pelvic inflammatory disease, cervicitis, and ectopic pregnancy in women. In men it can cause prostatitis and epididymitis. It can also cause blindness .

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Borrelia Burgdorferi

• Description: BorreliaBurgdorferi is a human pathogen. They have an LPS-like substances in their outer membrane. They also have an inner membrane and a periplasmic space that contains a layer of peptidoglycan. It is the cause of Lyme disease.

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Oscillatoria princeps

• Description: OscillatoriaPrinceps is commonly found in nature. Mostly in aquatic environments such as ponds. It can perform anoxygenic photosynthesis . They are the only prokaryotes to generate oxygen like plants with photosynthesis.

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Clostridium Botulinum

• Description: This bacteria produces many toxins. It is well known for its neurotoxins that it produces. These toxins cause flaccid muscular botulism. This usually starts in the face and then moves towards the limbs. They are shaped like a rod. Oxygen is poisonous to them but they can survive with only small traces of it.

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Mycoplasma genitalium

• Description: MycoplasmaGenitalium is a tiny microscopic parasitic organism. It lives in primate genital cells and respiratory tracts. It is considered to have the smallest genome of any species.

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Archaea

Pyrococcus Furiosus

• Description: Pyrococcus Furiosusis an extreme thermophile. In biotechnology it is used as a source of DNA polymerase for PCR techniques. It has optimal growth at 100 degrees celsius. This temperature would kill most organisms. It also has an enzyme containing tungsten, which is rare to find in biological molecules.

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Geogemma Barossii

• Description: Also an extreme thermophileGeogemma Barossii can double its numbers in 121 degree celsius temperature. They live near deep-sea hydrothermal vents on the bottom of the ocean.

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Haloquadratum walsbyi

• Description: Its cells are flat and square shaped. It thrives in extreme salt conditions and therefore it is halophilic, which means salt loving. It can be pretty much found anywhere in hyper saline waters.

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Nanoarchaeum Equitans

• Description: This species was discovered in hydrothermal vents off the coast of Iceland. It is a thermophile because it thrives in extreme heat. Its genome is only 490,885 nucleotides long. The cells are only 400 nm in diameter.

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