Bacteria:

Classification and Structure

What are the 6 Kingdoms?

• Archaebacteria• Eubacteria• Protists• Fungi• Plants• Animals

Bacteria are prokaryotes

• Pro – before• Karyon – nucleus• The simplest forms of life are

prokaryotes.• Earth’s first cells were

prokaryotes.

Lots of Them!

• Prokaryotes are Earth’s most abundant life forms.

• They can survive in many environments.

• They can get energy from many different sources.

Prokaryote Review

• Mostly single-celled• No nucleus or organelles• Circular chromosomes• Cell walls• Reproduce mostly asexually• Anaerobic or aerobic• Heterotrophic or autotrophic

We are looking at the first two

• Archaebacteria• Eubacteria

Classification of Bacteria

• Archaebacteria: extremists• Eubacteria:

–Heterotrophs–Photosynthetic autotrophs–Chemosynthetic autotrophs

Archaebacteria

• Methane producers – anaerobic• Halophiles

–Halo = salt–Philia = love

• Thermophiles–Thermo = heat

Archaebacteria

• Live in extreme locations:–Oxygen-free

environments–Concentrated

salt-water–Hot, acidic

water

Eubacteria• Parasitic heterotrophs (Streptococcus)• Saprophages

–Sapro = death–Phage = eat

• Cyanobacteria (blue-green algae)–Photosynthetic

• Chemosynthetic autotrophs (Rhizobium)

Eubacteria - Heterotrophs

• Found everywhere• Parasites: live off of other

organisms• Saprobes: live off of dead

organisms or waste (recyclers)

Eubacteria: Photosynthetic Autotrophs

• Photosynthetic: make their own food from light

• Cyanobacteria: blue-green, yellow, or red

• ponds, streams, moist areas

Eubacteria: Chemosynthetic Autotrophs

• Get energy by breaking down inorganic substances like sulfur and nitrogen

• Make nitrogen in the air usable for plants {Very Important}

Structure of Bacteria

• Two parts to Bacteria Structure:–Arrangement–Shape

Arrangement

• Paired: diplo• Grape-like clusters: staphylo• Chains: strepto

Bacteria are Named by Shape

• Cocci (ball-shaped)–Streptococcus mutans

• Bacillus (rod-shaped)–Clostridium botulinum

• Spirilli (spiral-shaped)–Treponema palladium

Shape

• Rod: bacillus• Spheres: coccus• Spirals: spirillum

Examples

• Streptococcus: chains of spheres• Staphylospirillum: Grapelike

clusters of spirals• Streptobacillus: Chains of rods

Germ Theory of Disease

• Joseph Lister – Aseptic Techniques

• Robert Koch – Germ Theory–A specific microorganism causes

a specific disease