Bacteria

VERY SMALL

Tip of sewing needle covered in bacteria

Bacteria

• Found everywhere there is water

Plaque on tooth with toothbrush bristles

Diversity of Prokaryotes

• Bacteria are prokaryotes

• Prokaryotes make up two domains– Bacteria

(eubacteria) – Archaea

(archaebacteria).

Staphylococcus bacteriaon hair follicle

Archeabacteria• “ancient” bacteria • Unique cell walls

and ribosomes• most live in harsh

environments

Salty shallow tide pools

Deep sea vents Hot springs

Eubacteria

• "true" bacteria• largest kingdom • have cell wall, some

with flagella• many live in soil or

water• some cause

disease, decomposition

• some are photosynthetic

Salmonella invading human cells

Photosynthetic Eubacteria

Cyanobacteria (blue green algea)

Structure

E. coli

Identifying Prokaryotes

Spherical shape = Cocci

Identifying Prokaryotes

Rod-shaped = Bacilli

Identifying Prokaryotes

Spiral shape = Spirocheteshttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i7BV4IOVKyg&feature=related

Cell Walls

Cell Walls

Gram Negative

Gram Positive

Movement

Flagella help prokaryotes to move toward materials that they need to survive.

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J6akNYlkehY&feature=related bacteria re-cap

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tqOVYpkZ0qs bacteria song

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JnlULOjUhSQ&feature=related white blood cell chase

Diplo: in pairs (diplococcus)

Diplococcus pneumoniae

Arrangement

Diplo: in pairs (diplococcus)

Bacillus anthracis

Arrangement

Strepto: in long chains

Streptococcus pyogenes

Arrangement

Staphylo - in clusters

Staphylococcus aureus

Arrangement

Autotrophs– self-feeders

Photosynthetic– Light energy

Chemosynthetic– obtain energy

from hydrogen gas, hydrogen sulfide, or ammonia

Metabolism of Prokaryotes

Heterotrophs

• “Feed off of others”• Saprophytes

– Feeds off dead things (decomposers)

• Parasites– Feed off living things

(cause disease)

Heterotrophs

Leprosy

WHAT?!?!

Clostridium botulinum “Botulism”

• Aerobes – require oxygen

• Anaerobes – Don’t need oxygen

Respiration

Tetanus

Flesh eating bacteria

Reproduction and Growth• Under optimum

conditions – divide ever 20 minutes

• Binary Fission– Asexual reproduction– Simple Cell Division

ConjugationTwo cells exchange DNA through a protein bridge

E. coli

Recipient

Donor

EndosporesDormant state that helps bacteria survive unfavorable conditions

Clostridium botulinum

Importance of Bacteria

• Benefits to humans– Food Processing– dairy products

(cheese, cream cheese, yogurt, etc.)

– pickles, sauerkraut, vinegar

Sewage Treatment PlantBacteria break down waste

Sewage Treatment PlantBacteria break down waste

Medicine

Used to make antibiotics, insulin, other products

Inhibition of fungal growth

Bacillus colony