bacterial genetics & transformation
DESCRIPTION
Bacterial Genetics & Transformation. Preparation for the pGlo Lab. Bacterial Genome. Circular Little protein Condensed DNA = nucleoid. Mutation as a Source of Genetic Variation. Bacteria reproduce asexually by binary fission - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Bacterial Genetics & Transformation](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062305/56815c56550346895dca5664/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Bacterial Genetics & Transformation
Preparation for the pGlo Lab
![Page 2: Bacterial Genetics & Transformation](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062305/56815c56550346895dca5664/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Bacterial Genome• Circular• Little protein• Condensed DNA = nucleoid
![Page 3: Bacterial Genetics & Transformation](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062305/56815c56550346895dca5664/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Mutation as a Source of Genetic Variation
• Bacteria reproduce asexually by binary fission• Mutation can increase genetic diversity when
reproduction rates are high b/c of short generations (fitness)
![Page 4: Bacterial Genetics & Transformation](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062305/56815c56550346895dca5664/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Genetic Recombination• Combining DNA from two sources • Usually two bacterial cells or bacteria & a phage• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MRBdbKFisgI
![Page 5: Bacterial Genetics & Transformation](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062305/56815c56550346895dca5664/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Conjugation & Plasmids
• Conjugation: Direct transfer of genetic material b/w bacterial cells via a sex pilus that attaches to the recipient
• http://www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de/b-online/library/micro229/terry/images/anim/Fmating.gif
![Page 6: Bacterial Genetics & Transformation](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062305/56815c56550346895dca5664/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Plasmids
• Small circular piece of DNA, separate from bacterial chromosome can be reversably integrated into the bacteria’s chromosome
• Confer favorable traits
![Page 7: Bacterial Genetics & Transformation](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062305/56815c56550346895dca5664/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
pGLO Bacterial Transformation Lab
• Transform e. coli bacteria• Move genes from one organism to another
with the aid of a plasmid
![Page 8: Bacterial Genetics & Transformation](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062305/56815c56550346895dca5664/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
P GLO Plasmid• pGLO plasmid encodes the gene for GFP and
a gene for resistance to the antibiotic ampicillin
• pGLO gene is turned on (regulated) in the presence of the sugar, arabinose
![Page 9: Bacterial Genetics & Transformation](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062305/56815c56550346895dca5664/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Gene Regulation
• Not all genes are “on” all the time—why?• Promoter: Located on the DNA template
where RNA polymerase begins transcription of Mrna
• Operon: A cluster of genes controlled by a single promoter
![Page 10: Bacterial Genetics & Transformation](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062305/56815c56550346895dca5664/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Arabinose Operon
• Bacteria produce three enzymes (araB, araA and araD) to break down arabinose sugar
• The “ara” genes are clustered together and controlled by a single promoter (Pbad).
![Page 11: Bacterial Genetics & Transformation](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062305/56815c56550346895dca5664/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Expression of Green Fluorsecent Protein
![Page 12: Bacterial Genetics & Transformation](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062305/56815c56550346895dca5664/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Predict Which Plates Will Glow
![Page 13: Bacterial Genetics & Transformation](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062305/56815c56550346895dca5664/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)