BACTERIOLOGICAL REVIEWSAIMS AND SCOPE

Bacteriological Reviews is published under the auspices of the American Society forMicrobiology to provide authoritative critical surveys on the current status of subjects andproblems in the diverse fields of microbiology and cognate disciplines, such as immunologyand genetics. This scope includes the occasional short monograph, incorporating and sum-mating original investigations of such breadth and significance that they would lose cogencyif published as a series of research papers. Bacteriological Reviews provides opportunity forthe expert to interpret his special knowledge for the benefit of the main body of micro-biologists. Both established workers and students just beginning research perforce dependincreasingly on compendia for knowledge of progress outside the scope of their trainingand research interests.

A rational, balanced, interpretive development of the topic is preferred to a chrono-logical treatment. Old history, if any, usually can be covered simply by reference to earlierreviews. A mere compilation or annotated bibliography does not adequately serve the ob-jectives of this journal. Judicious selection of references is an important function of thereviewer and should constitute the first step in composition of a review. Personal views ofauthors may be presented as perspectives or test hypotheses. Suggestions of topics and po-tential reviewers are invited, even if the correspondent does not consider the preparation ofa review himself.

INFORMATION FOR CONTRIBUTORSCorrespondence relating to editorial matters should be addressed to the Editor

Henry W. ScherpNational Institute of Dental Research

Bethesda 14, MarylandManuscripts and associated material should be sent in duplicate by first-class mail in flatform, not folded or rolled. Bacteriological Reviews cannot assume responsibility for manu-scripts.

Prospective authors are invited to discuss with the Editor the suitability of theirproposed essays. Submittal of a synopsis or topical outline for an advisory opinion is recom-mended, for it often elicits valuable constructive suggestions from editorial consultants.The acceptability of a review cannot, of course, be finally decided until the finished producthas been examined. The length of a paper is no measure of its quality and it is only thelatter that determines acceptability for publication. However, practical considerationsmake it desirable to set a provisional limit of 15 to 25 printed pages for a review; text,tables, figures, and references included. (About 650 to 700 words of text or 28 references perpage.) References should be limited proportionately to not more than 100 to 150. A shortmonograph must come within the size of a single issue, about 70 pages. Reprints are sold tocontributors at cost; an order blank and a table showing reprint costs are sent with proof.

The editorial style of Bacteriological Reviews conforms to the Style Manual for Bio-logical Journals (American Institute of Biological Sciences, 2000 P Street, N.W., Washing-ton 6, D. C.- $3 00) except for the following qualifications. Author abstracts are not used.References should be listed alphabetically according to the last name of the senior author,numbered serially, and cited by number in the text. A table of contents showing the majorheadings, major subheadings, and minor subheadings of the text is usually desirable; consultrecent issues of Bacteriological Reviews for styling. The Editor is authorized to return forcorrection manuscripts that do not conform to the Style Manual.

Experience shows that the following matters need special emphasis because they arefrequently ignored by authors. To expedite editorial review and preparation for the printers,submit two copies of manuscript, including illustrations. Submittal of original drawings, notlarger than 8½2 x 11 inches, is encouraged; glossy prints are suitable, not larger than 8½2 x11 inches and preferably not smaller than 5 x 7 inches. Where appropriate, magnificationshould be indicated by a suitable scale on the photograph. Double space everything, includingquotations, tables, legends for text figures, and references. This is essential to allow spacefor corrections and printer's instructions. Check each reference cited with the originalpublication; be sure to include titles and both first and last pages. Avoid references toUnpublished Data and Private Communication; if unavoidable, use these citations in thetext only, not in the list of references. It is preferable to summarize the supporting evidencewherever possible. It is the author's responsibility to obtain permission from the copyrightowner to reproduce figures, tables, or quotations of more than 12 lines of text taken intactfrom previous publications, either his own or those of another author. Note that the journalor publisher (not the author) is the copyright owner; however, as a matter of courtesy theauthor's permission should be obtained as well.

Published quarterly by The Williams & Wilkins Co., 428 E. Preston St., Baltimore 2, Md., U S. ASubscription price $4.00 per year, single issue $1.50

Seoond-class postage paid at Baltimore, Md.

AUTHOR INDEX

Volumes 23 to 25-1959 to 1961

Albrink, Wilhelm S., 1961, 25, 268-273Andrews, Justin M., 1961, 25, 362-377Angus, T. A., 1960, 24, 266-288Attardi, Giuseppe, 1959, 23, 213-223Austrian, Robert, 1960, 24, 261-265

Bang, Frederik B., 1961; 25, 228-236Barksdale, Lane, 1959, 23, 202-212Beck, Patricia N., 1961, 25, 152-161Benacerraf, Baruj, 1960, 24, 35-40Benenson, Abram S., 1961, 25, 285-293Bennett, Ivan L., Jr., 1960, 24, 16-34Bergersen, F. J., 1960, 24, 246-250Beutner, Ernst H., 1961, 25, 49-76Bibby, Basil G., 1961, 25, 131-141Bridges, Robert A., 1960, 24, 115-132Briody, Bernard A., 1959, 23, 61-95Brock, Thomas D., 1961, 25, 32-48Bryant, Marvin P., 1959, 23, 125-153Burk, Dean, 1961, 25, 447-456

Chance, H. L., 1959, 23, 254-260Cluff, Leighton E., 1961, 25, 362-377Cohn, Melvin, 1959, 23, 213-223Cohn, Zanvil A., 1960, 24, 96-105Condie, Richard M., 1960, 24, 115-132Cox, Herald R., 1961, 25, 383-388

Davenport, Fred M., 1961, 25, 294-300Dingle, John H., 1961, 25, 362-377Dmochowski, Leon, 1959, 23, 18-40

Edwards, Philip R., 1959, 23, 155-174Eichenwald, Heinz F., 1961, 25, 274-281Elberg, Sanford S., 1960, 24, 67-95Evans, Charles A., 1960, 24, 341-352

Fasso, Lois A., 1961, 25, 274-281Fife, Mary A., 1959, 23, 155-174Fletcher, Donald W., 1960, 24, 397-416Francis, Thomas, Jr., 1961, 25, 362-377Friedman, Herman, 1960, 24, 309-339Furcolow, Michael L., 1961, 25, 301-309

Gilmour, Marion N., 1961, 25, 131-141, 142-151,152-161

Ginsberg, Harold S., 1960, 24, 141-150Glassman, Harold N., 1961, 25, 362-377Gochenour, William S., 1961, 25, 285-293Good, Robert A., 1960, 24, 115-132Goodlow, Robert J., 1961, 25, 182-187Gowen, John W., 1960, 24, 192-200Graham, Angus F., 1959, 23, 224-231

Hahon, Nicholas, 1961, 25, 459-476Halvorson, H. Orin, 1959, 23, 267-272Harris, Henry, 1960, 24, 3-15Hartsell, Stanley E., 1959, 23, 250-253Haskins, Willard T., 1961, 25, 427-436Hatch, Theodore F., 1961, 25, 237-240Heimpel, A. M., 1960, 24, 266-288Henderson, David W., 1960, 24, 167-176Hirsch, James G., 1959, 23, 48-60-, 1960, 24, 133-140Horibata, Kengo, 1959, 23, 213-223Howell, Arden, Jr., 1961, 25, 131-141, 162-171Hungate, Robert E., 1960, 24, 353-364

Ingraham, J. L., 1959, 23, 97-108

Kass, Edward H., 1960, 24, 177-185Kotsevalov, Olga, 1961, 25, 274-281

Lamanna, Carl, 1961, 25, 323-330Landy, Maurice, 1961, 25, 427-436, 437-446, 447-

456Langmuir, Alexander D., 1961, 25, 173-181, 356-

358, 362-377Lennox, Edwin S., 1959, 23, 213-223Leonard, Frederic A., 1961, 25, 182-187Levine, Hillel B., 1961, 25, 310-320Lichstein, Herman C., 1959, 23, 261-266Lockhart, W. R., 1959, 23, 8-17Lwoff, Andre, 1959, 23, 109-124

MacLeod, Colin M., 1960, 24, 2Mandelstam, J., 1960, 24, 289-308Marcus, Philip I., 1959, 23, 232-249McCrumb, Fred R., Jr., 1961, 25, 262-267McDermott, Walsh, 1961, 25, 362-377Meyer, Karl F., 1961, 25, 249-261Michael, J. Gabriel, 1961, 25, 437-446Middlebrook, Gardner, 1961, 25, 331-346Milner, Kelsey C., 1961, 25, 427-436Moat, Albert G., 1960, 24, 309-339

Nagai, H., 1961, 25, 404-426Nagai, S., 1961, 25, 404-426Nelson, Norton, 1961, 25, 362-377Nicastri, Anthony, 1960, 24, 16-34Nilsson, Gerda, 1959, 23, 41-47

Oeding, Per, 1960, 24, 374-396

Pappagianis, Demosthenes, 1961, 25, 310-320Perkins, William A., 1961, 25, 347-355Petty, Milton A., 1961, 25, 111-130

477

AUTHOR INDEX

Pine, Leo, 1961, 25, 162-171Porter, J. R., 1961, 25, 389-403

Ramsey, Carolyn H., 1959, 23, 155-174Ravin, Arnold W., 1960, 24, 201-220Ribi, Edgar, 1961, 25, 427-436Riley, Richard L., 1961, 25, 243-248Rogers, David E., 1960, 24, 50-66Rothstein, Aser, 1959, 23, 175-201Rotman, Boris, 1960, 24, 251-260Rowe, Wallace P., 1961, 25, 18-31Rowley, Derrick, 1960, 24, 106-114

Saito, Margaret, 1961, 25, 310-320Salton, M. R. J., 1961, 25, 77-99Schneider, Howard A., 1960, 24, 186-191Skinner, Charles E., 1960, 24, 397-416Smith, Charles E., 1961, 25, 310-320Stanier, R. Y., 1961, 25, 1-17Steinhaus, Edward A., 1960, 24, 365-373Stetson, Chandler A., Jr., 1961, 25, 457-458

Stokes, J. L., 1959, 23, 97-108Strange, R. E., 1959, 23, 1-7Sulkin, S. Edward, 1961, 25, 203-209

Tigertt, William D., 1961, 25, 285-293

Vaughan, L. M., 1961, 25, 347-355

Wagner, Robert R., 1960, 24, 151-166, 1961, 25, 100-110

Wedum, Arnold G., 1961, 25, 210-216Whitby, James L., 1961, 25, 437-446, 447-456Wolfe, Elwood K., Jr., 1961, 25, 194-202Wood, W. Barry, Jr., 1960, 24, 41-49

, 1961, 25, 362-377Woods, Mark W., 1961, 25, 437-446, 447-456Wright, George W., 1961, 25, 219-227

Yanagishima, N., 1961, 25, 404-426Yanofsky, Charles, 1960, 24, 221-245

Zentner, Robert J., 1961, 25, 188-193

478 [VOL. 25

SUBJECT INDEX

Volumes 23 to 25-1959 to 1961

Aerosol, infection of man, with Pasteurella tula-rensis, 1961, 25, 262-267

-, techniques for formation of, 1961, 25, 188-193Aerosols, quantitative characterization of, 1961,

25, 194-202Airborne coccidioidomycosis, 1961, 25, 310-320- histoplasmosis, 1961, 25, 301-309- infection, control of, in laboratory, 1961, 25,

210-216- -, critique of Conference on, 1961, 25, 362-377

-, epidemiology of, 1961, 25, 173-181, inhalation of toxins in, 1961, 25, 323-330

-, public health aspects of, 25, 347-358-, reactions to inhaled antigens in, 1961, 25,331-346

- microorganisms, viability and infectivity of,1961, 25, 182-187

- pulmonary tuberculosis, 1961, 25, 243-248- Q fever, 1961, 25, 285-293Anatomy of bacterial surface, 1961, 25, 77-99Anthrax, inhalation, pathogenesis of, 1961, 25,

268-273Antibody, fluorescent, for immunofluorescent

staining, 1961, 25, 49-76- synthesis, at cellular level, 1959, 23, 213-223Antimicrobial factors, in tissues and phagocytic

cells, 1960, 24, 133-140Arizona group, of Enterobacteriaceae, 1959, 23,

155-174

Bacillus species, cell wall lysis and peptide release,1959, 23, 1-7

Bacteria, encapsulated, phagocytosis in, 1960,24, 41-47

-, lysogenic conversions in, 1959, 23, 202-212, outgrowth of, 1959, 23, 267-272

-, photosynthetic mechanisms of, 1961, 25, 1-17, psychrophilic, 1959, 23, 97-108, rumen, 1959, 23, 125-153

Bacterial endotoxins, chemical composition,related to biological activity of, 1961, 25,427-436

- , immunological aspects of host reaction to,1961, 25, 457-458

-, increased nonspecific resistance to infectionevoked by, 1961, 25, 437-446

- , metabolic effects on mammalian cells, 1961,25, 447-456

- insecticides, 1960, 24, 266-288- interference, in nonspecific resistance to infec-

tion, 1960, 24, 167-176

- nitrogen fixation, legume root nodules in, 1960,24, 246-250

- species, origin of, 1960, 24, 201-220- surface, anatomy of, 1961, 25, 77-99Bacterionema matruchotii, growth and biochemical

characteristics of, 1961, 25, 152-161-, physiological and biochemical character-istics of, 1961, 25, 162-171

- -, reproduction of, 1961, 25, 142-151Biosynthesis, purine derivatives, 1960, 24, 309-339Blood stream, host mechanisms for removal of

bacteria from, 1960, 24, 50-66

Candida, genus, 1960, 24, 397-416Cell, biology of, modified by virus or antigens,

1959, 23, 202-231-, growth, changes in early phases of, 1959, 23,

254-260-,-, physiological aspects of, 1959, 23, 261-266

membrane, in metabolism of inorganic electro-lytes, 1959, 23, 175-201

, metabolism, relation to infection with rickett-sial and bacterial agents, 1960, 24, 96-105

-wall, lysis and peptide release, 1959, 23, 1-7Cells, immunity, 1960, 24, 67-95

, mammalian, viral biosynthesis in, 1959, 23,224-231

Chloramphenicol, 1961, 25, 32-48Coccidioidomycosis, human, 1961, 25, 310-320Cytology, changes in early growth phases, 1959,

23, 254-460

Differentiation, biochemical, intracellular turn-over of protein and nucleic acids in, 1960, 24,289-308

Dormancy, in bacterial growth, 1959, 23, 267-272Dysproteinemias, host-parasite relationships in

patients with, 1960, 24, 115-132

Ectromelia, response of mice to, 1959, 23, 61-95Endotoxins, bacterial, immunological aspects of

the host reaction to, 1961, 25, 457-458, increased resistance to infection evoked by,

1961, 25, 437-446- -, metabolic effects on mammalian cells, 1961,

25, 447-456relationship of chemical composition to

biological activity of, 1961, 25, 427-436Enterobacteriaceae, Arizona group, 1959, 23, 155-

174

Fever, as mechanism of resistance to infection,1960, 24, 16-34

479

SUBJECT INDEX

Fluorescent antibody, for immunofluoreseentstaining, 1961, 25, 49-76

Genetic effects, in nonspecific resistance to infec-tious disease, 1960, 24, 192-200

- recombination, in origin of bacterial species,1960, 24, 201-220

Germination, bacterial, 1959, 23, 267-272Gram stain, and etiology of lobar pneumonia,

historical note, 1960, 24, 261-265Growth, bacterial, initiation of, 1959, 23, 250-253

, initiation, physiological aspects of, 1959, 23,261-266

Halometabolites, microbial, origin and biochem-istry of, 1961, 25, 111-130

Histoplasmosis, airborne, 1961, 25, 301-309Hormones, host resistance to infection and, 1960,

24, 177-185Host, mechanisms, in removal of bacteria from

blood stream, 1960, 24, 50-66-, resistance, to infection, hormones in, 1960, 24,

177-185nutritional factors in infection, 1960, 24,

186-191- , relationship of viral interference to, 1960,24, 151-166

Host-parasite relationships, in patients withdysproteinemias, 1960, 24, 115-132

Immunity, cellular, 1960, 24, 67-95, infectious disease, Metchnikoff's concepts of,

1959, 23, 48-60Immunofluorescent staining, fluorescent antibody

method for, 1961, 25, 49-76Infection, airborne, critique of Conference on,

1961, 25, 362-377immunological aspects of inhalation of

toxins in, 1961, 25, 323-330--- reactions to inhaled antigens in

1961, 25, 331-346,-, public health aspects of, 1961, 25, 347-358

viability and infectivity of microorganismsin, 1961, 25, 182-187

, bacterial, acquired resistance to, in insects,1961, 25, 100-110

, fever as mechanism of resistance to, 1960, 24,16-24

, inflammatory tissue, mobilization of defensivecells in, 1960, 24, 3-15

, nonspecific resistance to, defined, 1960, 24, 2, relation of antibacterial systems of serum, and

nonspecific immunity to, 1960, 24, 106-114cell metabolism to, with rickettsial and

bacterial agents, 1960, 24, 96-105, resistance to, influence of radiation on, 1960,

24, 35-40

structure and function of respiratory tract inrelation to, 1961, 25, 219-227viral-bacterial interaction in, 1961, 25, 274-281

Infections, laboratory-acquired, 1961, 25, 203-209Infectious disease, genetic effects in nonspecific

resistance to, 1960, 24, 192-200immunity, Metchnikoff's concepts of, 1959,23, 48-60

Influenza, pathogenesis of, 1961, 25, 294-300Inhalation anthrax, pathogenesis of, 1961, 25,

268-273Inhaled particles, distribution and deposition of,

in respiratory tract, 1961, 25, 237-240Insecticides, bacterial, 1960, 24, 266-288Insect-microbe ecosystem, environmental factors

effecting, 1960, 24, 365-373Insects, acquired resistance to bacterial infection

in, 1961, 25, 100-110Ion exchange resins, use in microbiology, 1960, 24,

251-260Irradiation, influence on resistance to infection,

1960, 24, 35-40

Laboratory airborne infection, control of, 1961,25, 210-216

Leptotrichia, classification of organisms so termed,1961, 25, 131-141

Lobar pneumonia, etiology, and Gram stain, his-torical note, 1960, 24, 261-265

Metchnikoff concepts of immunity to infectiousdisease, 1959, 23, 48-60

Microbial halometabolites, origin and biochemis-try of, 1961, 25, 111-130

Microorganisms, cell membrane in metabolism ofinorganic electrolytes, 1959, 23, 175-201use in growth and morphogenesis studies, 1959,23, 8-17

Milk, bacteriological grading of, 1959, 23, 41-47reducing properties, in bacteriological gradingof, 1959, 23, 41-47

Morphogenesis, use of microorganisms in study of,1959, 23, 1-7

Mucociliary function, as protective mechanism inupper respiratory tract, 1961, 25, 228-236

Mutation, respiration-deficient, in yeast andother microorganisms, 1961, 25, 404-426

Nitrogen fixation, biochemical pathways inlegume root nodule, 1960, 24, 246-250

Nucleic acids, in biochemical differentiation, 1960,24, 289-308

Nutrition, factor in host resistance to infection,1960, 24, 186-191

"Pasteur. Achievements and disappointments,1861," 1961, 25, 389-403

Pasteurella pestis, in study of pnemonic plague.1961, 25, 249-261

480 [VOL. 25

SUBJECT INDEX

-tularensis, aerosol infection of man with, 1961,25, 262-267

Peptide, release and cell wall lysis, in Bacillusspecies, 1959, 23, 1-7

Phagocytic cells, antimicrobial factors in, 1960,24, 133-140

Phagocytosis, in encapsulated bacteria, 1960, 24,41-49

Photosynthetic mechanisms, in bacteria andplants, unitary concept of, 1961, 25, 1-17

Pneumonic plague, 1961, 25, 249-261Poliomyelitis, factors influencing occurrence of

illness in, 1960, 24, 341-352- vaccine, oral, 1961, 25, 383-388Polyoma virus infection, mouse, epidemiology of,

1961, 25, 18-31Poxvirus infection in the simian host, 1961, 25,

459-476Protein, in biochemical differentiation, 1960, 24,

289-308Psychrophiles, 1959, 23, 97-108Public health, medical aspects of airborne infec-

tion and, 1961, 25, 356-358--, physical aspects of airborne infection and,

1961, 25, 347-355Purines, biosynthesis and interconversion of, 1960,

24, 309-339

Q fever, airborne, 1961, 25, 285-293

Resins, ion exchange, use in microbiology, 1960,24, 251-260

Respiration-deficient (RD) mutation, in yeast,1961, 25, 404-426

Respiratory tract, distribution and deposition ofinhaled particles in, 1961, 25, 237-240

- , mucociliary function as protective mech-anism in, 1961, 25, 228-236

- , structure and function, in relation to infec-tion, 1961, 25, 219-227

Rumen, bacterial species of, 1959, 23, 125-153

-, microbial ecology of, 1960, 24, 353-364

Serum, antibacterial systems, relation to non-specific immunity to infection, 1960, 24, 106-114

-, inhibitors of virus, 1960, 24, 141-150Smallpox infection in the simian host, 1961, 25,

459-476Staphylococci, aerial dissemination of, effects of

viral infection on, 1961, 25, 274-281Staphylococcus aureus, antigenic properties of,

1960, 24, 374-396

Tissues, antimicrobial factors in, 1960, 24, 133-140, inflammatory, mobilization of defensive cells

in, 1960, 4, 3-15, inhibitors of virus, 1960, 24, 141-150

Tryptophan synthetase, biosynthesis of, 1960, 24,221-245

Tuberculosis, airborne pulmonary, 1961, 25, 243-248

Tumors, recent advances in study of, 1959, 23,18-40

Vaccine, oral poliomyelitis, 1961, 25, 383-388Viral biosynthesis, mammalian cells, physiological

conditions for study of, 1959, 23, 224-231- disease, evolution, at cellular level and in the

organism, 1959, 23, 109-124- interference, relationship to host resistance,

1960, 24, 151-166Virus, poliomyelitis, factors influencing occur-

rence of illness in naturally acquired infec-tions, 1960, 24, 341-352

-, polyoma, epidemiology of mouse infection,1961, 25, 18-31

-, recent advances in study of, 1959, 23, 1S-40-, serum and tissue inhibitors of, 1960, 24, 141-150

vaccinia, response of mice to, 1959, 23, 61-95Virus-host interactions, single-cell techniques in

tracing, 1959, 23, 232-249

19611 481

BACTERIOLOGICALREVIEWS

VOLUME 25

BALTIMORE, MD.1961

CONTENTS

No. 1, MARCH

Photosynthetic Mechanisms in Bacteria and Plants: Development of a UnitaryConcept. R. Y. STANIER................................................... 1- 17

The Epidemiology of Mouse Polyoma Virus Infection. WALLACE P. ROWE...... 18- 31Chloramphenicol. THOMAS D. BROCK........................................... 32- 48Immunofluorescent Staining: The Fluorescent Antibody Method. ERNST H.

BEUTNER................................................................... 49- 76

No. 2, JUNE

The Anatomy of the Bacterial Surface. M. R. J. SALTON...................... 77- 99Acquired Resistance to Bacterial Infection in Insects. ROBERT R. WAGNER...... 100-110An Introduction to the Origin and Biochemistry of Microbial Halometabolites.

MILTON A. PETTY.......................................................... 111-130The Classification of Organisms Termed Leptotrichia (Leptothrix) buccalis.

I. Review of the Literature and Proposed Separation into Leptotrichia buccalisTrevisan, 1879 and Bacterionema gen. nov., B. matruchotii (Mendel, 1919)comb. nov. MARION N. GILMOUR, ARDEN HOWELL, JR., AND BASIL G. BIBBY. 131-141

II. Reproduction of Bacterionema matruchotii. MARION N. GILMOUR.......... 142-151III. Growth and Biochemical Characteristics of Bacterionema matruchotii.

MARION N. GILMOUR AND PATRICIA N. BECK............................... 152-161IV. Physiological and Biochemical Characteristics of Bacterionema matruchotii.

ARDEN HOWELL, JR., AND LEO PINE....................................... 162-171

No. 3, SEPTEMBER

CONFERENCE ON AIRBORNE INFECTION

Foreword............................................................................ viiPART I. Keynote Address: Epidemiology of Airborne Infection. ALEXANDER D.

LANGMUIR........................................................... 173-181PART II. Airborne Organisms. NORTON NELSON, Chairman

Viability and infectivity of microorganisms in experimental airborne infection.ROBERT J. GOODLOW AND FREDERIC A. LEONARD .......................... 182-187

Techniques of aerosol formation. ROBERT J. ZENTNER...................... 188-193Quantitative characterization of aerosols. ELWOOD K. WOLFE, JR........... 194-202Laboratory-acquired infections. S. EDWARD SULKIN........................ 203-209Control of laboratory airborne infection. ARNOLD G. WEDUM............... 210-216Discussions of papers on airborne organisms. HAROLD N. GLASSMAN,Rapporteur............................................................... 217-218

Part III. Respiratory System and Airborne Infection. W. BARRY WOOD, JR.,Chairman

Structure and function of respiratory tract in relation to infection. GEORGEW. WRIGHT............................................................... 219-227

Mucociliary function as protective mechanism in upper respiratory tract.FREDERIK B. BANG. 228-236

Distribution and deposition of inhaled particles in respiratory tract.THEODORE F. HATCH.................................................... 237-240

Discussions of papers on respiratory system and airborne infection. LEIGHTONE. CLUFF, Rapporteur. 241-242

PART IV. Bacterial Diseases. JUSTIN M. ANDREWS, ChairmanAirborne pulmonary tuberculosis. RICHARD L. RILEY....................... 243-248Pneumonic plague. KARL F. MEYER........................................ 249-261Aerosol infection of man with Pasteurella tularensis. FRED R. MCCRUMB, JR.. . 262-267

iii

CONTENTS

Pathogenesis of inhalation anthrax. WILHELM S. ALBRINK.................. 268-273Some effects of viral infection on aerial dissemination of staphylococci and on

susceptibility to bacterial colonization. HEINZ F. EICHENWALD, OLGAKOTSEVALOV, AND LOIS A. FASSO ......................................... 274-281

Discussions of papers on bacterial diseases. PHIi.IP S. BRACHMAN,Rapporteur ............................................................... 282-284

PART V. Virus and Fungus Diseases. THOMAS FRANCIS, JR., ChairmanAirborne Q fever. WILLIAM D. TIGERTT, ABRAM S. BENENSON, AND WILLIAM

S. GOCHENOUR............................................................ 285-293Pathogenesis of influenza. FRED M. DAVENPORT............................ 294-300Airborne histoplasmosis. MICHAEL L. FURCOLOW........................... 301-309Human coccidioidomycosis. CHARLES E. SMITH, DEMOSTHENES PAPPA-

GIANIS, HILLEL B. LEVINE, AND MARGARET SAITO........................ 310-320Discussions of papers on virus and fungus diseases. ROBERT J. GOOD-LOW, Rapporteur......................................... 321-322

Part VI. Immunology and Public Health. LEIGHTON E. CLUFF, ChairmanImmunological aspects of airborne infection: Some general considerations ofresponse to inhalation of toxins. CARL LAMANNA.323-330

Immunological aspects of airborne infection: Reactions to inhaled antigens.GARDNER MIDDLEBROOK .................................................. 331-346

Public health implications of airborne infection: Physical aspects. WILLIAMA. PERKINS AND L. M. VAUGHAN ....... 347-355

Public health implications of airborne infection: Medical aspects. ALEXANDERD.LANGMIR..356-358

Discussions of papers on immunology and public health. ARNOLD G. WEDUrM.Rapporteur.359-361

Part VII. Critique of Conference. WALSH MCDERMOTT, Chairman............ 362-377Index.......................................................................... 379-382

No. 4, DECEMBER

Oral Poliomyelitis Vaccine. HERALD R. Cox................................... 383-388Louis Pasteur. Achievements and Disappointments, 1861. J. R. PORTER........ 389-403Advances in the Study of Respiration-deficient (RD) Mutation in Yeast and Other

Microorganisms. S. NAGAI, N. YANAGISHIMA, AND H. NAGAI............ 404-426Symposium on Bacterial Endotoxins. Maurice Landy, Convener.

Relationship of Chemical Composition to Biological Activity. EDGAR RIBI,WILLARD T. HASKINS, MAURICE LANDY, AND KELSEY C. MILNER............. 427-436

Possible Mechanisms whereby Endotoxins Evoke Increased Nonspecific Resist-ance to Infection. JAMES L. WHITBY, J. GABRIEL MICHAEL, MARK W. WOODS,AND MAURICE LANDY....................................................... 437-446

Metabolic Effects of Endotoxins on Mammalian Cells. MARK W. WOODS,MAURICE LANDY, JAMES L. WHITBY, AND DEAN BURK....................... 447-456

Immunological Aspects of the Host Reaction to Endotoxins. CHANDLER A.STETSON, JR.............................................................. 457-458

Smallpox and Related Poxvirus Infections in the Simian Host. NICHOLAS HAHON.. 459-476Author Index, Vols. 23 to 25...................... 477-478Subject Index, Vols. 23 to 25...................... 479-481

iv

SUSTAINING MEMBERS

American Society for Microbiology

ABBOTT LABORATORIES ................... North Chicago, Ill,ALBIMI LABORATORIES, INC.................. New York, N. Y.

A. S. ALOE Co............... St. Louis, Mo.-Los Angeles, Calif.

AMERICAN AGAR AND CHEMICAL CO...........S an Diego, Calif.

AMERICAN CAN. Co.............................. Maywood, Ill.AMERICAN CYANAMID CO. (Agric. Div.).... Princeton, N. J.AMERICAN INSTRUMENT CO., INC.............S ilver Spring, Md.AMERICAN OPTICAL Co........................... Buffalo, N. Y.

AMERICAN SCIENTIFIC LABORATORIES, INC....... Madison, Wisc.

AMERICAN STERILIZER Co............................. Erie, Pa.

ANCHOR SERum Co.............................S t. Joseph, Mo.

ANREusURt-BUCH, INC...........................S t. Louis, Mo.AnmoUR AND COMPANY, INC...................... Chicago, Ill.ARTHUR D. LITTLE, INC...................... Cambridge, Mass.

ATERsT LABORATORIES....................... New York, N. Y.

BALTIMORE BIOLOGICAL LABORATORY, DIVISION OF B-D LAno-ZATORuIS, INC............................... Baltimore, Md.

BAUsCH AND LOMB OPTICAL CO ............... Rochester, N. Y.DON BAXTER, INC.............................. Glendale, Calif.

BECTON, DICKINSON AND Co................. Rutherford, N. J.BzuLco GLASS, INC............................. Vineland, N. J.BIOVBRm CORP................................ Wasco, Calif.BORDEN FOODS Co.............................S yracuse, N. Y.

BRAmHALL, DEANE Co....................... New York, N. Y.

BRINKMAN INSTRUMENT, INC.......... Great Neck, L. I., N. Y.

BRISTOL LABORATORIES, INC................... Syracuse, N. Y.

BUCKMAN LABORATORIES, INC. ............... Memphis, Tenn.BU1RGESS PUBLISRING Co................... Minneapolis, Minn.

BURROUGHS, WELLCOME AND CO. ........... New York, N. Y.CAPPEL LABORATORIES, DIv. oP B-D LABORATORIES, INC.

West Chester, Pa.CARwoRTE FARMS, INC.... New City, Rockland County, N. Y.CASE LABORATORIES, INC........................ Chicago, Ill.

CHILEAN IODINE EDUCATIONAL BUREAU, INC... New York, N. Y.CIBA PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS, INC..........Summit, N. J.

COCA COLA Co Atlanta, Ga.

COLORADO SERUM Co... Denver, Colo.COMMERCIAL SOLVENTS CORP................ Terre Haute, Ind.CONSOLIDATED LABORATORIES, INC........Chicago Heights, Ill.

CORNING GLASS WORKS......................... Corning, N. Y.CORN STATES LABORATORIES, INC...............Omaha, Neb.

COULTER ELECTRONICS, INC........................ Chicago,

CUTTER LABORATORIES......................... Berkeley, Calif.

Dico LABORATORIES, INC....................... Detroit, Mich.

DIVERSEY CORP.................................... Chicago, Ill.

Dow CHEMICAL Co.............................M idland, Mich.

EBERBACH CORP.............................. Ann Arbor, Mich.

E. DUPONT DE NEMOURS & Co., INC Wilmington, Del.

FALCON PLASTIC PRODUCTS, DIv. OF B-D LABORATORIES, INC.Los Angeles, Calif.

FISHER SCIENTIFIC Co.......................... Pittsburgh, Pa.

FLEISCHMANN LABORATORIES................. Stamford, Conn.GENERAL BIOLOGICAL SUPPLY HOUSE, INC......... Chicago, Ill.

HAMILTON MFG. CO ........................ Two Rivers, Wisc.

HARTmAN-LEDDON COMPANY................ Philadelphia, Pa.

HEINICKE INSTRUMENT CORP.................. Hollywood, Fla.

HOFFMANN-LA ROCHE, INC....................... Nutley, N. J.

HUNTINGTON LABORATORIES, INC ......... Huntington, Ind.HYLAND LABORATORIES......................LO8 Angeles, Calif.HTNSON, WESTCOTT AND DUNNING ............. Baltimore, Md.

INDUSTRIAL BIOLOGY LABORATORIES, INC.Philadelphia, Pa.INTERNATIONAL EQUIpMENT Co..................Boston, Mass.INTERNATIONAL MINERALS AND CHEMICAL CoRP..-Chicago, I11.JENsEN-S3ALsBERy LABORATORIES, INC.......Kansas City, Mo.KEWAUNEE MANUFACTURING Co................. Adrian, Mich.KINBLE GLASS DIVISION, OWENS-ILLINoin GLAss Co.

Toledo, OhioLABLINE, INc ..................................... Chicago, Ill.LEDERLE LABORATORIES .................. Pearl River, N. Y.E. LEITZ, INC.............................. New York, N. Y.ELI LniLY AND Co........................... Indianapolis, Ind.LOURDEs INSTRUMENT CoRP................... Brooklyn, N. Y.MERCK SHARP AND DOHmE ..................... Rahway, N. J.MILES CHEMICAL Co..............................Clifton, N. J.MILES LABORATORIES, INC.........................Elkhart, Ind.MILLIPORE FILTER CoaP...................... Watertown, Mass.MONARCH CHEMICALS, INC.................. Minneapolis, Minn.NATIONAL DRUG Co.......................... Philadelphia, Pa.NEW BsRUNSWIcK SCIENTIFIC Co........ Now Brunswick, N. J.NITRAGIN CO., INc............................ Milwaukee, Wiwc.NORWICH PHARMACAL CO...................... Norwich, N. Y.OarHo RESEARCH FOUNDATION.................. Raritan, N. J.PARKE, DAVIs AND Co.......................... Detroit, Mich.CHAS. PFIZER AND CO., INC.................. New York, N. Y.PITMAN-MOORE Co., DIV. OF ALLIED LABORATORIES, INC.

Indianapolis, Ind.PHILIP MORRIS, INC............................ Richmond, Va.THE PILLSBURY Co...................... Minneapolis 14, Minn.PROCTER & GAMBLE Co....................... Cincinnati, OhioPROFEasIONAL TAPE Co., INC.................... Riverside, Ill.RED STAR YEAST AND PRODUCTS Co.......... Milwaukee. Wisc.SCHERING Coup............................ Bloomfield, N. J.CARL SCHLEICHER & SCHUELL Co................Keene, N. H.JOSEPH SCHLITZ BREWING Co................. Milwaukee, Wisc.SCHWARZ LABORATORIES, INC............ Mount Vernon, N. Y.SCIENTIC GLASS APPARATUS Co., INC........ Bloomfield, N. J.SCIENTIFIC PRODUCTS............................. Evanston, I11.JOSEPH E. SEAGRAM AND SONS, INC............. Louisville, Ky.G. D. SEARLE & COMPANY........................ Chicago, I11.SELAS CORPORATION OF AMERICA ....... ...... Philadelphia, Pa.SHARP AND DOHME, INC...................... Philadelphia, Pa.SHERMAN LABORATORIES ................. Detroit, Mich.SMITH, KLINE & FRENCH LABORATORIES....Philadelphia, Pa.IVAN SORVALL,INC........................... Norwalk, Conn.SQUIBB INSTITUTE FOR MEDICAL RESEARCH

New Brunswick, N. J.STANDARD SCIENTIFIC SUPPLY CORP.......... New York, N. Y.SUN OIL Co., R & D DIvIsuoN............ Marcus Hook, Pa.SWIFT & COMPANY ................................ Chicago, IllARTHUR H. THOMAS CO...................... Philadelphia, Pa.THE UPJOHN Co.............................Kalamazoo, Mich.VESTAL LABORATORIES, INC......................St. Louis, Mo.WALLERSTEIN Co., INC....................... New York, N. Y.WARNER LAMBERT RESEARCH INSTITUTE..... New York, N. Y.THE WILLIAMS & WILKINS CO.................. Baltimore, Md.WILMOT CASTLE Co........................... Rochester, N. Y.WINTHROP LABORATORIES, INC............... New York, N. Y.WISCONSIN ALUMNI RESEARCH FOUNDATION ... Madison, Wiec.