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PRESENTED BY:

Mr Manas kumar patel

Admn no:-01Fsc/2014

Production Technology Of Bael

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Genus – Aegle (Greek name)

Species – marmelos (Portuguese name)

Family – Rutaceae

Chromosome no. – 2n=18

Centre of origin – India

Other names - Indian Quince, Sirphal, Stone apple

• Deciduous, 6–8 meters in height tree. Older

branches are more spiny.

• Leaves – alternate, trifoliate, petiole, 2-4cm long.

• Inflorescence – auxiliary raceme

• Fruits - 5–7.5 cm in diameter, globose, oblong

pyriform,

• Flower – bisexual, cluster borne, greenish white &

sweet scented

• Seeds - numerous , surrounded by a slimy

transparent mucilage.

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• A therapeutic boon of human health.

• Rich source of- Protein, Carbohydrate, Vitamins (Riboflavin, ß carotene,

Vit C), Tannin, Volatile oil, Alkaloids and Steroids etc.

• Leaves (content Aegeline) & bark – to overcome intermittent fever.

• Roots - check heart palpitation, bowel inflammation & indigestion.

• Fruits – used as fresh or syrup, nectar, sharbat, marmalade etc.

• Unripe fruit rind – yellow dye and employed in tanning purpose.

• Fruit (dried & sliced) – diarrhoea, constipation and dysentery.

• Marmelosin content has medicinal properties.

• Known as “Climate Purifier” – absorb dust, poisonous gases from

atmosphere & emit more oxygen than other plants in presence of sun light.

Sr. no. Part Phytoconstituents

1. Leaf Skimmianine, Aegeline, Lupeol, Cineol, Citral, Citronella,

Cumin aldehyde, Eugenol, Marmesinine

2. Bark Skimmianine, Fagarine , Marmin

3. Fruit Marmelosin, Luvangetin, Aurapten, Psoralen, Marmelide,

Tannin

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• From Indian peninsular (Sri

Lanka, Bangladesh, Pakistan)

spread to far S-E Asia (Thailand,

Java, Malaysia) and then other

tropical parts of India.

• Main growing states - Uttar

Pradesh, Bihar, West Bengal,

Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh,

Uttaranchal, Chhattisgarh and

Odisha.

Bael growing areas

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• Though bael is a fruit crop of subtropical

origin, also can perform well in tropical, arid

and semi-arid regions.

• Fairly rich and well drained sandy loam soil

is best.

• Sunny situation, warm humid climate are

ideal.

• Tolerant to harsh climate.

• Can be withstand in 47-49º C to -5 to -7º C.

• pH = 6.0 –8.5, ESP = 30% and EC = 9 dsm‐1.

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Name of

Variety

Salient Features Recommended Areas

NB-5 Prolific bearer and fruits are medium in

size, round with thin skull, low fibre and

seed content.

Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan,

Bihar, Jharkhand,

Uttarakhand

NB-7 Fruits are very large in size, flattened

round, yellowish green in colour.

Uttar Pradesh

NB-9 Prolific bearing, fuits are medium to

large size with oblong in shape, low fibre

and seed content.

Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan,

Bihar, Jharkhand,

Uttarakhand

NB-16 Fruits are elliptical round, pulp yellow,

average weight 1.3 kg, T.S.S. 31%, and

low fibre content.

Uttar Pradesh

NB-17 Fruits are attractive, average weight 1.75

kg, fibre content low.

Uttar Pradesh

Narendra bael-1 & Narendra bael-2 are most useful for processing

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CISH B-1 It is a mid season variety which matures

during April-May. Precocious and heavy

bearer. Average fruit wt =1.0 kg. Suitable

for canning and slices preparation.

Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand,

Bihar, Jharkhand, Rajasthan

CISH B-2 Trees are dwarf with medium spreading

habit. Suitable for processing with

pleasantly aromatic pulp.

Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand,

Bihar, Jharkhand, Rajasthan

Goma Yashi Good quality fruits with large in size.

Ovate in shape, greenish yellow in colour.

Flesh colour is straw.

Rajasthan

Pant Aparna Dwarf tree with drooping foliage, almost

thornless, heavy bearer. Fruits average

weight 1.0 kg.

Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand

Pant Shivani It is an early mid season variety. Fruit

weight range from 2 to 2.5 kg.

Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand

Pant Sujata Trees are medium dwarf , heavy bearer.

Fruit weight varied from 1 to 1.5 kg.

Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand

Pusa Urvashi It is mid season variety. Fruits are ovoid,

oblong. The fruit weight range from 1.5 to

2.5 kg.

Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand

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CISH B-1 CISH B-2 NB-9

NB-5 Pant Aparna

Pant Urvashi

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• Usually propagated by seed (no dormancy)

• Showing time =June . Seeds germinate

within 3 weeks, ready for transplanting 7

weeks after sowing.

• Patch budding is ideal method with a 90%

success rate. June –July is ideal time for

budding.

• Modified ring budding- earlier sprouting

in mid May (Dinesh & Pathak, 2004)

• Soft wood grafting by cleft method using

scion of 3-4 month age during Feb-May. (2004-05)

Bael seeds

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• Clonal multiplication by auxiliary bud proliferation in young single node

segments of a 25yr old tree.

• Plant regeneration system using cotyledon tissues applicable to immature

leaf & root tissues at lower efficiency.

In-vitro morphogenesis of nodal explants in bael

[ J.Adv.Sci.Res, 2010, 1(2); 34-40]

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• Pits of 90cm x 90cm x 90cm

• Planting distance - 8m x 8m (Budded plants)

10m x 10m (seedlings)

• Pit filled with a mixture of top soil + 25 kg FYM + 50 g BHC (Benzen

hexachloride).

• Planting time - Feb-Mar or July-Aug.

• Training done by removing the tip of main stem at a height of about

1m. Only 4-6 well- spaced branches are selected around the main stem.

• 500 g N, 250 g P2O5, 500 g K2O and 50 kg FYM is recommended

for bearing tree (10 years age). Full dose to be applied in July.

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• Basin system of irrigation mainly followed.

• Irrigation at monthly intervals should be

given after the rainy season (October –April).

• Drip irrigation also can be followed.

• Suckers appearing from rootstock should be removed periodically.

• Keep the plantation weed –free.

• Legume crops can be taken as intercrops in bael plantation during the

rainy season.

• Mulching can be done around the tree base.

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• Bael is climacteric fruit

• Plants start fruiting after planting = After 4-5 years (budded & grafted

plants)

after 8-10 years(seedlings)

• Fruit takes around 8-10 months to mature and 10-12 months for ripening

after fruit set.

• Maturity index - change in skull colour from dark green to yellowish green.

• Mature fruit is harvested individually with 5 cm fruit stalk.

• Yield – 300-400 fruits/tree/yr

• Storage life – 15 days for fully matured fruit

1 week for ripe fruit

•At 10o C, it can be kept up to three months.

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• Products- Bael pulp, juice, nectar, dried & sliced bael, bael wine, candy,

preserves (murabba), bael slab, jam, bael powder etc.

Juice Nectar Dried bael

Murabba Powder Burfii

Sun dried jelly

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• Fruit drop and cracking: Main problems before ripening.

Growth regulators like 2, 4-D, GA and 2, 4, 5-T with various

concentration check fruit drop.

Cracking can be minimized by maintaining proper moisture

up to full growth or maturity of fruit.

• Chilling injury: Appearance of brown spots on the fruit surface develop

during storage of fruits below 9º C.

• Fruit canker - Xanthomonas bilvae

Water soaked spot on leaves, fruits and other parts of tree.

Prune gummy twigs, branches & burn them.

Spray Streptomycine sulphate (20g/100l water) + Cu oxychloride (0.3%)

at 10-15 days interval

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Lemon butterfly – Papilio demoleus

management

Neem seed kernel extract (0.5%) spray at

8 days interval in nursery seedlings.

Bael fruit fly – Bactrocera zonata

Lemon butterfly

Bael fruit fly

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Though having many useful properties, still not commercialized due to

very seedy nature, thick hard shell and mucilaginous flesh.

Due to wide prospects and potential of bael for various purposes, it is

worth while to cultivate this plant on large scale especially on unproductive

& waste lands.

People should equipped with modern scientific techniques and knowledge

& well placed harness to maximum potential of this plant for human and

environmental well being.

Help in financial upliftment of poor and landless farmers.

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Researchers aim to obtain increased production of

secondary metabolites, increased production, higher

nutritional value.

Development of cultivars resistance to adverse weather,

pathogenic agent and pests.

Processing quality need exploitation.

Further more systemic and scientific research is required

to explore the maximum potential of this under utilized plant.

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