bagian1 pti kerangka dasar disiplin ti
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Bagian1 pti kerangka dasar disiplin tiTRANSCRIPT
Conceptual Framework of Industrial Engineering
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Sasaran
Memahami disiplin Teknik Industri baik yang terkait dengan:
• Cakupan keilmuan, bidang garapan dan profesi
• Perkembangan pola pikir, keilmuan dan keahlian
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Materi
• Conceptual Framework of IE
• Evolution & Development of IE
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Engineering
ScienceIndustrial
Engineering
Object : Natural System Artificial System Integrated SystemPhenomena : Determistic Det./Probabilistic Prob/UncertaintyOutput : Theory/Knowledge Product/service Value AddedPerformance : Truth Benefit EfficiencyValidity : Absolute Relative ContextualStart : Curiosity Need/Problem Need/ProblemProfession : Scientist Engineer Industrial Engineer
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Science
Prime objective: increase knowledge of natural system
Research(Scientific Method)• Formulate Hypothesis
• Execute Experiment
• Analyze Result
• Generalize Hypothesis Theory/Law
(New Knowledge)
• Publish the New Knowledge
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Basic Knowledge And Tool
• Basic knowledge» Logic
» Creativity
• Tool» Analysis
» Synthesis
• Process» Scientific Research
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Engineering
Prime objective: use the knowledge to design and develops usable devices, structure and processes
for better human life
Design ProcessIdentification of Need
Problem DefinitionSearch
ConstraintCriteria
Alternative SolutionAnalysisDecision
SpecificationCommunication
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Basic Knowledge And Tool
• Basic knowledge» Mathematics
» Natural Sciences
• Tool» Analysis
» Synthesis
• Process» Applied Research
» Design
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Basic Engineering Process
Problem (Incl.Outcome)
Decision ( Best Altv.)
Synthesis of Alt.Solution
Analysis(Incld. Exp’tation)
Symptom/Need
Solution, System or Method
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Characteristic Of Engineer
• Solve Problem
• Analyze
• Design System– Creativity
– Analysis
– Synthesis
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Engineering Function
• Research
• Development
• Design
• Production &Testing
• Construction
• Operation
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Engineering Era
Early ModernEra : Before 1750 - After 1750 Knowledge : -Mathematics - Not Only Mathematics &
-Physics Physics * Chemical
* Molecular * Social Sciences
Object : Physical System - Not Only Physical System * Life System Abstract
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Early Engineering Era
• Egyptian Engineering (3200 BC)
• Mesopotamian Engineering (2000 BC)
• Greek Engineering (500 BC)
• Roman Engineering (320 BC)
• Oriental Engineering
• European Engineering
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Modern Engineering Era
Big Five Engineering Newer Engineering• Civil . Nuclear • Mechanical . Computer• Electrical . Bioengineering• Chemical . Environmental • Industrial Engineering . Etc.
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Big 5 Disciplines• Military Engineering
• Civil Engineering• Mechanical Engineering
Mathematics + Physics Mechanical Principle Steam Engine
• Electrical EngineeringMathematics + Physics Electrical Science
Telegraph: Samuel MorseCarbon filament lamp: Thomas Edison
• Chemical EngineeringMathematics + Physics + Chemistry Synthetic Material
• Industrial EngineeringMathematics +Physics +Man Integrated System
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Why IE Was Born ?
• As a Result of Industrial Revolution
• Need for Technically Trained People Who Could Plan, Organize, and Manage the Operations of Large Complex System
• Need to Increase Productivity and Efficiency of Operation System
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Pioneers Of IE
• Adam SMITH
• Charles BABBAGE
• Eli WHITNEY
• Henry TOWNE
• Frederick W TAYLOR
• Frank B GILBERTH
• Lillian GILBERTH
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Adam SMITH
Wealth of Nations (1776)
Specialization of Labor– Division of the task in pin making into 4
separate operations increased output by a factor of almost 5
– 10 worker could produce 48.000 pins per day
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Charles BABBAGE On the Economy of Machinery and Manufacture (1832)
– motion and time study– division of labor
• Result of factory visit in England and USA(early 1800)• Observed the manufacture of straight pins that:
– involve 7 distinct operations– measured the cost and time of performing each operation
Money Could Be Saved Using Woman and Children
• Critics : Do not attempt to improve the work methods or reduce the operation time
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Henry TOWNE
The Engineer As Economist (1886)
Stressed the Need for Engineers to Be Concerned With the Profitability Effect of Their Decisions
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Frederick Winslow TAYLOR(1856-1915)
FW Taylor was Influenced by Towne and Wentworth
• 1874 : Machinist Apprentice in the Hydraulic Work
• 1983 : Mechanical Engineer From Stevens Institute and
Work at Midvale Steel Company
• 1881 : Began Study of Metal Cutting
• 1895 : Presented “A Piece Rate System” at ASME Meeting
• 1903 : Presented “ Shop Management”
• 1909 : Presented “ Principle of Scientific Management”
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Principle of Scientific Management
1. Develop a science for each element of a man’s work, which replaces the old rule of thumb method
2. Select scientifically and then train, teach, and develop the workman, whereas previously he chose his own work methods and trained himself as best as he could
3. Cooperate heartily with the men so as to ensure that all of the work being done is in accordance with the principles of the science which has been develop
4. There is almost an equal division of the work and the responsibility between management and the workmen. The management takes over all work for which they are better fitted than the workman.
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Relationship of Industrial Engineering to Other Engineering and Scientific Disciplines
Civil Engineering
Electrical Engineering
MechanicalEngineering
ChemicalEngineering
Industrial Engineering
ManufacturingEngineering
Early Industrial Engineering(Scientific
Management)
Ergonomics
Economics
Physiology
Psychology andSociology
Statistics
Mathematics Physics
Operation Research
Quality & Reliability
Computer & Inf.Sci
Control Theory
ProductivityScience
Chemistry
Military Engineering
Logic
Early ManagementPhilosophy
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Industrial Engineering ?
Industrial Engineering Is Concerned With the Design, Improvement, and Installation of Integrated Systems of
People, Material, Information, Equipment, and Energy. It Draws Upon Specialized Knowledge and Skill in the
Mathematical, Physical, and Social Sciences Together With the Principles and Methods of Engineering Analysis and Design to Specify, Predict, and Evaluate the Results to
Be Obtained From Such System
Object Knowledge Skill Job
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Object
Integrated System
People/Man
+Material + Equipment + Information + Energy
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Schematic Representation of Integrated System
MachineMan
Mat
Boundary
Environment
Input Out-put
: InteractionFeed-back
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Types of Research
Basic Research Applied Research - Curiosity - Need/Problem
- Theory/Explanation - Product/Service/Method
- Neutral - Purposive - Public Domain - Private Domain
Discovery Invention
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Knowledge
• Mathematics
• Physics
• Social Sciences
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Skill
• Method of Engineering Analysis
• Design
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Job
• Design
• Installation
• Improvement
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Performance
Efficiency
Effective + Min Cost
Objective
Achievement/Actual
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Contextual
2 + 2 = ?
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What Design IE Do ?
Integrated System
Industrial System(Manufacturing System)
Human Activity Management Control System System
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What Does IE Do ?
Production Management Corporate Operations System Services* Product &Services * Information System *Comprehensive Planning* Manufacturing Process * Financial &Cost System *Policies & Procedures* Facilities * Personnel * Performance Measurement* Work Methods & Standards * Analysis * Production Planning & Control
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Evolution and Development of Industrial Engineering
Dicipline
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Chronology Of Development In The Evolution Of IE
1494 1750 1890 1900 1915 1929 1941 1958 1980 1990 2000
Industrial World Depres World Space High Globalization Revolution War I sion War II Age Technology
Time Piece Layout Net- Optimi- Auto- CIMAccounting Studi Work SQC work zation mation
Scientific ManagementIndustrial Engineering
Industrial & SystemEngineeringOperation Research
Micro View
InterchangeablePart
Macro View
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Relationship of Industrial Engineering to Other Engineering and Scientific Disciplines
Civil Engineering
Electrical Engineering
MechanicalEngineering
ChemicalEngineering
Industrial Engineering
ManufacturingEngineering
Early Industrial Engineering(Scientific
Management)
Ergonomics
Economics
Physiology
Psychology andSociology
Statistics
Mathematics Physics
Operation Research
Quality & Reliability
Computer & Inf.Sci
Control Theory
ProductivityScience
Chemistry
Military Engineering
Logic
Early ManagementPhilosophy
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IE Thought
ScientificManagement
Adm & BehaviorManagement
ManagementScience
Systemic &Integrated
Man-MachineSystem
Human and Organization
Optimization and Modeling
IntegratedSystem
End of 18Century
End of 18Century
Beginning of 20 Century Mid of 20
Century
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Obyek dan Keilmuan Teknik Industri
Obyek Komponen Keilmuan KinerjaWork Man, Machine Ergonomy ProductivityStation Material Eng. Economy Efficiency Psychology
Manufactur Man, Machine Inventory, PPC QCD Material Quality Control Lay out, OR & Modeling
Company Labor, Facility Management ROI, IRR, Material Leadership ROE Behavior Science
Industrial Labor, Material Policy QualitySystem Infrastructure Systemic Approach Welfare
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Perkembangan Teknik Industri S/D 1950
– TOKOH-TOKOH:• Adam Smith (1776) : Specialisation, productivity
• Charles Babbage (1832): Pembagian kerja • Frederick W. Taylor (1905): Scientific management • Frank & Lilian Gilberth (1912): Micro-motion study• Fayol : The 14 Principle of Management
– ORGANISASI:• Society to Promote the Science of Management (1912),
The Taylor Society (1915), Society of Industrial Engineers (1917).
– KONSEP-KONSEP:• Wealth of Nations: spesialisasi / keahlian untuk
produktivitas• Economy of Machinery and Manufacturers: pembagian
kerja• Principles of Scietific Management• Human Factors: micro-motion economy• Principle of Management
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Perkembangan Teknik Industri 1950 - 1970
• AIIE : American Institute of Industrial Engineers (1948)– BIDANG PERHATIAN:
• Teknik tata Cara• Pengukuran Kerja• Pengendalian: Produksi, Persediaan, Mutu,
Beaya, Anggaran• Evaluasi Jabatan, Sistem Pengupahan: analisis
jabatan, analisis kinerja, upah perangsang, administrasi pengupahan
• Rancangan dan Fasilitas Pabrik: tata letak, pengadaan dan peremajaan peralatan, perancangan produk, perkakas, peralatan.
– SARANA:• Statistika, Penelitian Operasional, Psikologi
Industri
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Perkembangan Teknik Industri 1970 - 1990
• AIIE menjadi IIE– BIDANG PERHATIAN:
– Bidang Industri, : Antariksa, Bank dan Keuangan, Industri Elektronika, Pemerintahan, Seni Grafis, Pelayanan Kesehatan, Retail, Industri Baja, Transportasi dan Distribusi, Utilitas
– Bidang Sistem Manusia dan Informasi : Komputer dan Sistem Informasi, Ekonomi Teknik, Ergonomi, Hubungan Kerja dan Industri, Manajemen, Pengukuran Kerja, Tatacara.
– Bidang Sistem Produksi : Manajemen Energi, Perancangan dan Perencanaan Fasilitas, Sistem Manufaktur, Penelitian Operasional, Pengendalian produksi dan Persediaan, Pengendalian Mutu, Keandalan.
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Perkembangan Sejak 1990• TOPIK-TOPIK BARU:
• CIM : Computer Integrated Manufacturing• DSS : Decision Support System• JIS : Just-in-Time Process Planning• Perkembangan Variasi dari Sistem Produksi,
Penelitian Operasional, Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia, dsb.
• Knowledge-based Management, dll.• TOPIK-TOPIK LAMA TETAP BERKEMBANG:• Ergonomi, dsb.
• DIDASARI OLEH PERKEMBANGAN KOMPUTER DAN TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI
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Proyeksi Perkembangan Abad Ke -21
• SANGAT DIPENGARUHI OLEH TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI:
• Perubahan pola kerja, gaya hidup dan bentuk transaksi
• Perubahan gaya kepemimpinan dan manajemen• Pergeseran pengendali kekuasaan ekonomi dan politik
– PERUBAHAN POLA KERJA, GAYA HIDUP, TRANSAKSI:• Kerja individual, outsourcing / networking, modal
maya• Internet driven : E-commerce, e-mail, distance
learning & services– KEPEMIMPINAN MASA DEPAN:
• Visioner, Kreatif, Transformatif, Komunikatif, Memberdayakan, Integratif-Networking-Sinergis, High-Touch & High-Tech, Antisipatif, Adaptif, Kompeten.
– PENGENDALI KEKUASAAN:• Bergeser dari Pimpinan Negara ke Pimpinan Pengendali
Informasi