bài giảng Ô nhiễm môi trường
TRANSCRIPT
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nhim mi trng(Environmental pollution) nhim mi trng(Environmental pollution)
Ging vin: Nguyn Th Thu !
"# mn: $ng ngh% mi trng&hoa: 'i trng
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Gi*i thi%u v+ mn h,- '.- tiu -/a mn h,-
Ngun gc, nguyn nhn ca nhim mi trngNgun gc, nguyn nhn ca nhim mi trng
2
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0 1ai tr23 v tr4 mn h,-
Sinh thi i cng
Ha hc mi trng nhim mi trng
!uan tr"c mi trng #ng ngh$ mi trng
N%n t&ng h$ 'inh thi ch(utc )ng ca nhim
# '* cc y+u tmi trng
#n c- ./a chn cng ngh$
Sinh hc mi trng
!u&n .0 mi trng 1 .0 mi trng
#ng c3 ca
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5 N#i 6ung mn h,-
Ngun
4c )ng
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5 N#i 6ung mn h,-
5h6n m* 6u
7
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7 T!i li%u tham 8ho
8
Khoa hc mi trng, 9 :n ;h?
nhim khng kh v x l kh thi, 4r6n Ngc #h@n, N1= ;H;4
Bo v mi trng khng kh, H H#C
"#a hc mi trng, BDng ;im #hi, N1= ;H;4
$inh th%i mi trng &'t, 9 :n ;h HN
()n l ch't thi r*n, 4r6n Hi+u Nhu$, N1= ;H;4
+i trng khng kh, 5hm Ngc Bng, N1= ;H;4
(), ch)-n k. th)/t 0)1c gia v2 ch't l3ng mi trng, =) 4NEC4
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0 $9- 8in th;- -< =n v+ nhim
'i trng
F
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0 &h9i ni%m 'i trng 4hG< .ut =&< I$ mi trng,Mi trngJa< gm cc y+u t t/ nhin
IA It ch@t nhn t< Ja< Kuanh c
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Th!nh ph>n mi trng
Ci trng gm c Z h
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$h;- n?ng -/a mi trng
() 'i trng l! 8hng gian @Ang -/a @inh vBt Ci 'inh It trn 4ri @t tr
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$h;- n?ng -/a mi trng
(0) 'i trng l! n
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$h;- n?ng -/a mi trng
(5) 'i trng -h;a Dng3 DFng ha ph thi #h@t th&i .un .un Xc t< ra W< h
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00 nhim mi trng
4hG< 9ut J&< I$ mi trngf nhim mi trng .A '/ Ji+n i
ca cc thAnh Mh6n Qhng Mh hXM IPi tiu chujn mi trng, gy&nh h*ng L@u +n c
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Tiu -huHn v! Iuy -huHn mi trng
Tiu -huHn .A Kuy (nh I% Dc tRnh Ql thut IA yu c6u Ku&n .0
Wng .Am chujn Mhn .
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$hCt thi3 -hCt nhim
#h@t th&i .A It ch@t * th r"n, .ng, QhR Xc th&i ra t^'&n Lu@t, Qinh W
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Ju9 trLnh nhim =Hn
Ju9 trLnh nhim =Hn
_8
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Muy tho9i mi trng
Su! tho"i mi trng .A '/ 'uy gi&m I% [email protected] IA ' .Xng ca thAnh Mh6n mi trng,gy &nh h*ng L@u i IPi c
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M -A mi trng
S c# mi trng .A tai Ji+n h
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05 NguFn thi
_]
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07 $9- Iu9 trLnh -< =n trong mi trng
2`
(6ung 6-h) (hCp th.)
(nguyn -hCt)
OP
" Q $
H@M Mh3
>i&i h@M Mh3
Sa."ng
4i..2ng
;+tta
Hqatan
5hnhy
4nghXM#
huyNnh
a'inhhc
;hu+ch tn
(h
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07 $9- Iu9 trLnh -< =n trong mi trng
2_
$9- Iu9 trLnh vBt lR :t ch@t .un In )ngf :n chuyn t^ ni nAy +n
ni Qhc #huyn ha t^ Wng nAy
'ang Wng Qhc
+u t &nh h*ngf BDc tRnh .0 s ha hc ca
ch@t nhim Jjn Bi%u Qi$n mi trng s i%u
Qi$n 'inh thi
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$9- Iu9 trLnh vBn -huySn
&hu-h t9n: 9A Ku trnh In chuyn m)t ch@tJ*i Ii$c Wi )ng ngu nhin W/aIA< trng thi Qhng cn JngO
?i chuyn m)t ch@t t^ ni c nng
) ca< 'ang ni c nng ) th@Mch< +n Qhi ch@t Mhn tn ngnh@t tr
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$9- Iu9 trLnh vBn -huySn
$huySn pha: S/ In chuyn cc Mhn t * trng thi 'ch IA< tr
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14 6. Iu9 trLnh nhim =Hn v!o DCt
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$9- Iu9 trLnh -huySn ha
$huySn ha ha h,-: !uy+t (nh tRnh J%n IUng ca
m)t ch@t nhim tr
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$9- Iu9 trLnh -huySn ha
$huySn ha @inh h,-: =&n ch@t .A cc Mh&n -ng ha hc
IPi Lc tc .A cc GmvymO Ju9 trLnh @inh h,- ho 8h4 (hiu 8h4) Ju9 trLnh @inh h,- 8U 8h4 (ym 8h4)
&im loVi &R hi%u ';- t4-h lWy (l>n) @o v*i n*-#aWimiS"t#h#r
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Xnh hYng -/a -9- Iu9 trLnh -< =n Dn @A phBn-/a -hCt nhim
Nhm $hCt DVi 6i%n &h n?ngh2a tan
&h n?ng=ay h
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0\ ]9nh gi9 nhim mi trng
C-c ) nhim Mh3 thu)c IA< nFng D# ca cc ch@t
nhim h
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Tiu -h4 D9nh gi9 nhim
Thng @A mi trng (environmental parameter@) 9A
nhUng DVi l^ng It .0, ha hc, 'inh hc c3 th Dctrng ch< mi trng c Qh& nng Mh&n nh tRnh ch@t cami trng * trng thi nghin c-uO
4hng ' mi trng c th Dc trng ch< .znh I/c mitrng, nhng c{ng c th .A nhUng i .Xng It .0, ha
hc, 'inh hc ca cc .znh I/c Qh
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Tiu -h4 D9nh gi9 nguFn thi
B nh gi Dc im ngun th&i IA m-c ) tc)ng ca ngun th&i +n ch@t .Xng mi trng,Mh&i nh gi Xc ng thif
#ng th-c .in h$f 9 [mg'\ | # [mg.\O ! [.'\b`
Th!nh ph>n yu tA_-hCt g[y nhim
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$h
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]`- DiSm t nhin -/a 8h4 IuySn
Tn -hCt $ng th;-ph[n t
Tb l% theo thSt4-h
Tr,ng l^ng
Nit N2 FY,`] } bOY7`O```O```Li 2 2`,]_ } _O_Y`O```O```xrg
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$Cu trf- -/a 8h4 IuySn
bZ
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0 $9- t9- nh[n nhim 8hng 8h4
Theo nguFn gA-".i t nhin=3i th/c It=3i )ng It=3i ni .a, J3i @t".i nh[n tVo=3i mAi Qim .
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"ng 0: ^ng hVt ph9t thi to!n ->u
0 $9- vBt -hCt g[y nhim 6Vng hVt
NguFn t nhinCui Jin=3i Qim .
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0 $9- vBt -hCt g[y nhim 6Vng hVt
4hG< QRch thPc
=3i ."ng=3i . .ngSng;hi
#c ht It ch@t Xc Kuan tm tr
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T4nh -hCt -/a =.i
T4nh ph[n t9n O 8h n?ng lKng 9in Kuan tr/c ti+M h
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T4nh -hCt -/a =.i
&h n?ng lKng trong -< Iuan h hCp =3i c QRch thPc `,_ m Qhng J( giU .i tr
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T9- hVi -/a =.i
Trn th-
Z`
9 i / i
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&im loVi NguFn gA- Xnh hYngNi #ng ngh$ hy ung th=G #h+ Ji+n than IA Ql thut ht nhn Nhim )c Mh+ Ku&n= #h+ Ji+n than, '&n Lu@t QRnh Nhim )c * nng ) cay ung thSG >ia cng than, '&n Lu@t aLit H
2S
ZB)c, gy ung th
Hg #ng nghi$M h
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00 $9- -hCt 8h4 g[y nhim
Theo nguFn gA- ph9t @inh
Z2
N F A h9t i h
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NguFn gA- ph9t @inh
$9- Iu9 trLnh oVt D#ng lin Iuan &h4 ph9t @inh
#c Ku trnh t chynhin .i$u
S&n Lu@t cng nghi$M>ia< thng In t&iSinh h
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00 $hCt 8h4 v -< &h4 Mj0S2 .A ch@t QhR Qhng mAu, mi h"c, nDng hn Qhng QhR [W2,2\, ha
.ng * _`
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00 $hCt 8h4 v -< &h4 Mj0 Xnh hYng Dn th- vBt
Xnh hYng Dn D#ng vBt3 -on ngi
NFng D# (mg_m5
) T9- D#ng_,`Z s _,Y2 4h/c It mn c&m IPi thng tRch
_,Y2 s 7,2 4h/c It J( ng) )c mVn tRnh
7,2 s 28 4h/c It [Dc Ji$t .A cy . Qim\ J( ng) )c c@M tRnh
28 #y . Qim ch+t tr
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'a akit
Z8
0 0 $hCt 8h4 j it it
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00 $hCt 8h4 v -< O jkit nit
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00 $hCt 8h4 v -< O jkit nit
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&hi Iuang ho9
N .A nguyn
nhn chRnh cahi$n tXng QhiKuang h
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00 $hCt 8h4 v -ia< thng IA In t&if735 Njk
7`
0 0 $hCt 8h4 < &h4 $j
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00 $hCt 8h4 v -< O &h4 $j
TDnh ch-t1 # .A QhR Qhng mAu, Qhng mi I(, Qhi
.Xng L@M L Qhng QhRf W | `,]8F, 4'| _]]
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00 $hCt 8h4 v -< O &h4 $j
Bi IPi th/c Itf ti+M Lc IPi # * nng ) ca< [_`` _``` MMm\
' J( r3ng ., L
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00 $hCt 8h4 v -< O &h4 0M
>nh ch't?
9A QhR Qhng mAu, mi tr-ng thi [_MMJ\, W |_,_] 4' | 8`,2`#, c Qh&nng chy n Qhi c tia .a i$n
# tRnh 1H mnh, tRnh )c mnh
@nh hAng?
Bi IPi th/c Itf H2S gy tn thng . cy, r3ng . IA gi&m 'inh tr*ng Bi IPi cy nh-c 6u, Qh ch(u
_7` >y tn thng mAng nhAy
7`` >y a ch&y, Iim Mhi
F``]`` 1uyn mAng ti Mhi, thm nhM IA< mu, c th gy t I
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00 $hCt 8h4 v -< O &h4 N5
>nh ch't?NHb.A QhR Qhng mAu,c mi Qhai, tan tr
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00 $hCt 8h4 v -< O &h4 j5 Bi IPi th/c Itf .Am tn thng '"c t ca t+ JA< . [Wi$M .3c\,
Mh h
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00 $hCt 8h4 v -
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000 $hCt 8h4 hu -
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$hCt hu -< =ay h
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$hCt hu -< =ay h
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y6ro-a-=on
HyWr
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^p -hCt Da v2ng th
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^p -hCt Da v2ng th
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^p -hCt hu -< -h;a N (ZN@)
5xN' [MGr
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05 Ting Fn
BDc trng It .0 ca m thanh
Sng m [~, , c, 4\
M 'u@t m 5 [m2, Nm2\
#ng ) m [m2O', m2\
BDc trng 'inh .0 ca m thanh
m '"c
B) caiPi hn c/c i mA c
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an truy+n [m thanh
EF n gim GHn thIo khong c%ch
Bi IPi ngun imf
"
Bi IPi ngun ngf "
4r
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an truy+n [m thanh
JF >nh cng h35 ca nhi2) ng)n n
$9-h : 4ng cc ngun n [) n tng c)ng\f
q dlog(dqdgi_(d(6")
$9-h 0:N+u n ngun n c m-c n IA tRnh ch@t nh nhau thf
q i Q dlog(dn (6")N+u hai ngun n c tRnh ch@t Qhc nhau
q ( Q (6")
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9f gia ' ca ngun m, Mh3 thu)c IA< hi$u ' 9_IA 92
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an truy+n [m thanh
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an truy+n [m thanh
LF >r),2n 6m 0)a v/t ch*n MGi c6, xanhF 4c W3ng ca cy Lanh f Mh&n L m thanh nh m)t mAn ch"n IA ht ,
Qhu+ch tn 'ng m tr
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an truy+n [m thanh
LF >r),2n 6m 0)a v/t ch*n MloNi kh%cF4c W3ng gi&m n ca mAn ch"n .A W< hi$u Ku& ca Jng mhnh thAnh 'au mAn ch"nO ;Rch thPc 9JJng m Xc Lc (nh
4r
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Zhng kV .A tRnh ch@t ca m)t ' nguyn t Mht 'inh tia J-c L
ri Ji+n thAnh m)t nguyn t QhcO :Wf #
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07 Zhng kV
oVt D# phng kV ca m)t tM hXM cc ht nhn Mhng L Xc
tRnh J*i ' cc Mhn rV tr
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5 Ju9 trLnh lan truy+n nhim 8hng 8h4
5 $9- yu tA nh hYng Dn Iu9 trLnh lan truy+n
F8
5 ]`- DiSm nguFn thi
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5 ]`- DiSm nguFn thi
4&i .Xng ch@t nhim O MgPQF
:n tc QhR th&i vQ MmPQF Nhi$t ) QhR th&i >Q MoKF
#hi%u ca< ngun th&i h MmF
Bng QRnh nh ngun th&i r MmF =&n ch@t ca ch@t th&i
FF
500 ]`- DiSm mi trng
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500 ]`- DiSm mi trng
a Xnh hYng -/a gi :n tc gi Ji+n thin thG< chi%u ca< !uy .ut thay i ca In tc gi thG< chi%u ca< Xc Lc (nh
thG< cng th-cf
4r
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a Xnh hYng -/a gi
]`- trng gi $Cp TA- D#m_@ &m_h
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g % #
i%n t^ng Do nhi%t (heat i@lan6)
BXc Dt tn IA< _Y_` J"t ngun t^ Ho nhi,t H th Nguyn nhnf 4hay i ' W3ng @t Wn IPi cc It .i$u giU nhi$t !u trnh Mht th&i nhi$t
Y`
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g % #
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Nguyn nh[n: 9Am .nh .PM Qhng QhR t^ Jn WPif Ngh-h nhi%t =;- kV 9Am nng .PM Qhng QhR t^ Jn trnf Ngh-h nhi%t 6o @ hV thCp -/a
t>ng 8hng 8h4 nng
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Bu Iu:
Y_
= Xnh hYng -/a nhi%t D#
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g % #
knh h*ng tng hXM tPi Mht th&i ca ch@t QhR
9ung Qhi hnh Kut
9ung Qhi Lng Qhi s Ngh(ch
nhi$t t6ng caau'' [\ [\=Gr.ian
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Sutt
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g
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Bp .
#hi%u ca< ng Qhi _`` m =n QRnh ng Qhi 7 m
4c ) Mh3t Qhi 2` m'
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5hn c@M n (nh ca QhR Kuyn [thG< 4urnGr, _]F`\TA- D# gi trnm`t DCt (m_@)
"an ng!y theo nKng -hiu "an Dm theo D# m[y
'Vnh T" xuNhi+u m[y
7_z{t m[y | 5_z
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TA- D# gi m`t DCt1 t#c H gi3 K H co LC m o GNi m7t H-t
NKng mVnh1 nOng mP hQ5 *hi m7t tri c3 g3c co :Nn hFn RCo
@NKng T"1 nOng mP hQ5 *hi &u tri c3 mt # mng m! G tri trong "ng5 m7ttri c3 g3c co
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"*- 0: T4nh vBn tA- gi Y D# -ao Ang 8hi
#ng th-c tng Kutf
#ng th-c Sutt
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"*- 5: 9- Dnh -hi+u -ao hi%u 6.ng -/a -#t 8hi
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"*- 7: 9- Dnh -9- h% @A 8hu-h t9n }yv! }
]Z
&hong-9-h (8m)
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7/23/2019 Bi ging nhim mi trng
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7/23/2019 Bi ging nhim mi trng
97/212
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7/23/2019 Bi ging nhim mi trng
98/212
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7/23/2019 Bi ging nhim mi trng
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7/23/2019 Bi ging nhim mi trng
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7/23/2019 Bi ging nhim mi trng
103/212
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7/23/2019 Bi ging nhim mi trng
105/212
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7/23/2019 Bi ging nhim mi trng
106/212
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7/23/2019 Bi ging nhim mi trng
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7/23/2019 Bi ging nhim mi trng
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7/23/2019 Bi ging nhim mi trng
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7/23/2019 Bi ging nhim mi trng
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7/23/2019 Bi ging nhim mi trng
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7/23/2019 Bi ging nhim mi trng
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7/23/2019 Bi ging nhim mi trng
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7/23/2019 Bi ging nhim mi trng
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7/23/2019 Bi ging nhim mi trng
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