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BAISIC CONSTITUENTS OF MATTER

ELEMENTS AND COMPOUNDSElements are the pure substance which

cannaot be split into simple components through chemical process.

Compounds are the substance formed by the combination of two or more elements through chemical reactions

Origin of name of elementsElements The basis of naming

Polonium Polond –countryCurium Marie Curie - scientist Chromium Chrome – colourIndium Indigo – colourNeptunium Neptune – planet Europium Europe - continent

SymbolsSymbols are used for representing elements.symbols are assigned to elements in different way.

The first letter of english name is used as the symbol for elements in the table.The capital letters are used as the symbol.

Elements SymbolsCarbon COxygen ONitrogen NHydrogen HSulphur S

Along with the first letter,the second letter or another prominent letter is also used in the symbolas a small letter

Elements SymbolsCarbon COxygen ONitrogen NHydrogen HSulphur S

The symbols of some elements have been derived from latin names

Elements SymbolsCarbon COxygen ONitrogen NHydrogen HSulphur S

Periodic table

Atoms and molecules

Atoms is the smallest particle which shows all the charecteristic propertis of an element

Molecules are the smallest particles which can exist independently

Method of representing Atoms and MoleculesMolecules with only one atom are called

mono atomic molecules.those with two atoms each are called diatomic and molecules with more than two atoms are called polyatomic molecules

Monoatomic Diatomic PolyatomicHelium –He Hydrogen-H2 Phosphorous-

P4Neon-Ne Chlorin-Cl2 Sulphur-S8

Chemical formula

Molecules Atoms present Chemical formulaCarbondioxide Carbon-1,oxygen-2 CO2Water Hydrogen-2,oxygen-1 H2OHydrogen chloride Hydrogen-1,chlorin-1 HClSugar Carbon-12,hydrogen-

22,oxygen-11C12H22O11

Sodium chloride Sodium-1,chloride-1 NaClMethane Carbon-4,hydrogen-4 CH4

H2O

CO2

CH4

Chemical EquationThe substance taking part in a chemical

reaction are called the reactants.Substance formed as a result of the reaction are called products

C + O2 CO2H2+Cl2 2HClZn+2HCl ZnCl2 + H2

Balanced chemical equationwhen a chemical equation is written,the number of atoms of same kind,on the side of reactant and that of product should be equal.this type of chemical equations are called balanced chemical equations. Zn + 2HCl ZnCl2 + H2

Atoms No: of atoms in reactants

No:of atoms in products

Zn 1 1H 2 2Cl 2 2