balance
DESCRIPTION
BALANCE. What is Balance???. The ability to maintain equilibrium against force of gravity. Two Types…. Static & Dynamic. Examples:. Posing for a photo. Static. Looking through a microscope. This is the ability to maintain equilibrium while stationary. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
BALANCE
What is Balance???• The ability to maintain
equilibrium against force of gravity.
Static&
Dynamic
Two Types…
StaticThis is the ability to maintain equilibrium while stationary.
Examples:
Assuming the position to
shoot a rifle
Looking through a microscop
e
Posing for a photo
DynamicThis is the ability to maintain equilibrium while in motion or to move the body or parts of the body from one point to another and maintain equilibrium.
Examples:DancingWalkingDriving a golf ballBowlin
g
Balance is important!!To help improve one’s balance it must be measured to see
what aspects of their balance need improving.
Why Measure Balance???
The main point is that balance can be improved through activities that place individual’s in a state of imbalance, forcing
them to recover balance.
You should seek to develop the appropriate program for patients.
Balance can be improved through intensive practice of activities that
place individuals, in a balanced positions that attempt to maintain and
,in balance positions that help them develop a “feel” for such positions.
Tests of Balance
Balance test are classified as static or dynamic and are reviewed as practical, inexpensive to the administrator, and
satisfactory for both sexes.
It is best not to
administer
balance tests
after any strenuou
s activity!
Also do not allow practice!
*Static Basic Tests*
Stork Stand• Objective: to measure stationary
balance while the body weight is supported on the ball of the foot of
the dominant leg.• Age Level: 10-college-age• Equipment: stopwatch• Validity: face validity
• Reliability: Coefficients of .85 and .87 have been reported using the test-
retest method• Objectivity: Johnson and Nelson
report a study that found an objective coefficient of .99
• Norms: chart on next slide • Scoring: best time in seconds of the 3
trials
Norms
*Static Basic Test*Bass Stick Test (Lengthwise)
• Objective: to measure stationary balance while the weight of the body is supported on
a small base of support on the ball of the foot
• Age Level: 10-college-age• Equipment: Sticks 1” X 1” X 12”• Validity: Face validity is accepted
• Reliability: .90• Norms: Chart on previous slide
• Scoring: The score is the total time in seconds for all six trials, three on each foot.
*Static Basic Tests*Bass Stick Test (Crosswise)
• This is the same as the lengthwise test except that the ball of the foot is placed crosswise on the
stick.
*Dynamic Balance Tests*Johnson Modification of the
Bass Test of Dynamic Balance• Test objective: to measure the ability to maintain balance during
movement and upon landing form a leap.• Age Level: high school –college
• Equipment: Stopwatch, tape measure, and floor tape• Validity: Face validity; .46 when correlated with Bass test of
dynamic balance• Reliability: .75 using test-retest
• Objectivity: .97• Norms: Johnson and Nelson provide norms for college women• Scoring: 5 points for landing on tape mark, 1 point for each
second the steady position is help on tape mark ; which gives a maximum of 10 points per tape mark and a 100 points may be
earned. • Test performer is penalized 5 points if: failing to stop upon landing, touching the floor with any part of the body other than
the ball of the landing foot or failing to completely cover the tape mark with the ball of the foot.
* Dynamic Balance Tests*Balance Beam Walk
• Test Objective: to measure balance while walking on a balance beam• Age Level: 9-college-age
• Equipment: regulation balance beam and stopwatch
• Validity: face validity• Norms: no norms reposted
• Scoring: pass/fail. No time limit for the beam walk. The test difficulty can be increased
through the use of a 2-inch balance beam.
*Dynamic Balance Tests*Modified Sideward Leap
• Test Objective: to measure the ability to maintain balance during movement and upon landing from a leap.
• Age Level: junior high- college• Equipment: Stopwatch, tape measure, and floor tape
• Validity: face validity• Reliability: .66 to .88 at different age levels
• Norms: no norms reported• Scoring: The maximum number of points for each trial is 15
1. 5 points for landing correctly on spot A2. 5 points for leaning and pushing the object off spot B or C3. 1 point for each second that balance is held on spot A, up
to 5 seconds
Activities to Develop Balance
Nichols, Aresnault, and Giuffre recommended the following activities for the
teaching of balance to elementary students, but the activities, or modifications of
them, may be practiced at any level.
KNEE BALANCE
STORK STANDSWAN STAND
V-SIT
TAPE LINE HOPPINGRUG TWISTER
HOP LEAP
Recapturing Balance Activities• 1. Jump off a low bench, landing with both feet inside a
hoop.• 2. Jump forward off a chair and clap hands above head
while in midair• 3. Jump forward off a chair with one foot going forward and
the other backward, and land with the legs back together.• 4. Jump forward off a low bench, make a half turn in
midair, and land facing the bench.• 5. Jump sideways off a low bench. Jump backward.• 6. Jump forward off a chair and catch a ball in midair.
• The balance beam can be altered to increase difficulty by inclines, widths, and heights.