BalkansBalkans

Ethnic CleansingEthnic Cleansing

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GENOCIDEGENOCIDE Genocide:Genocide: An attempt to eliminate, in whole or in large part, a An attempt to eliminate, in whole or in large part, a

particular group of people (such as national, ethnic, racial, particular group of people (such as national, ethnic, racial, religious, social, or political groups). religious, social, or political groups).

Mass Murder:Mass Murder: The intentional killing of a The intentional killing of a large number of people who are either large number of people who are either unwilling or unable to defend themselves. unwilling or unable to defend themselves.

Ethnic Cleansing:Ethnic Cleansing: The attempt to remove The attempt to remove a particular group of people from a a particular group of people from a particular geographic area through the particular geographic area through the use of terror. use of terror.

YugoslaviaYugoslavia

Eight Major ethnic groups: Serbs, Croats, Eight Major ethnic groups: Serbs, Croats, Muslims, Slovenes, Macedonians, Muslims, Slovenes, Macedonians, Albanians, Hungarians and Montenegrins.Albanians, Hungarians and Montenegrins.

Ethnic and religious differences for centuriesEthnic and religious differences for centuries After WWII: Yugoslavia became a federation After WWII: Yugoslavia became a federation

of six republicsof six republics Ruled with an Iron hand by Josef TitoRuled with an Iron hand by Josef Tito Communist and nonalignedCommunist and nonaligned

Changing of LeadershipChanging of Leadership

1980 Tito dies1980 Tito dies Slobodan Milosevic Slobodan Milosevic

takes overtakes over Serb LeaderSerb Leader

Ethnic CleansingEthnic Cleansing

1991 Slovenia and Croatia declare their 1991 Slovenia and Croatia declare their independenceindependence

Serbian led Yugoslav army invades both Serbian led Yugoslav army invades both republicsrepublics

Bosnia and Herzegovina joined Slovenia Bosnia and Herzegovina joined Slovenia and Croatia in declaring independenceand Croatia in declaring independence

During the War Serbians used During the War Serbians used ethnic ethnic cleansingcleansing against Bosnian Muslims against Bosnian Muslims

The places where the The places where the atrocities were committedatrocities were committed

Violated sections of the Declaration of Human Rights, Violated sections of the Declaration of Human Rights, International lawInternational law

Article 1: Article 1: All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights.They are All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights.They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.of brotherhood.

Article 2: Article 2: Everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms set forth in this Everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration, without distinction of any kind, such as race, colour, sex, language, Declaration, without distinction of any kind, such as race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status. Furthermore, no distinction shall be made on the basis of the political, status. Furthermore, no distinction shall be made on the basis of the political, jurisdictional or international status of the country or territory to which a person jurisdictional or international status of the country or territory to which a person belongs, whether it be independent, trust, non-self-governing or under any other belongs, whether it be independent, trust, non-self-governing or under any other limitation of sovereignty.limitation of sovereignty.

Article 3: Article 3: Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of person.Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of person.

Article 7: Article 7: All are equal before the law and are entitled without any discrimination to All are equal before the law and are entitled without any discrimination to equal protection of the law. All are entitled to equal protection against any equal protection of the law. All are entitled to equal protection against any discrimination in violation of this Declaration and against any incitement to such discrimination in violation of this Declaration and against any incitement to such discriminationdiscrimination..

Ethnic CleansingEthnic Cleansing

Forced migration of MuslimsForced migration of Muslims Violence, rape, killingViolence, rape, killing The The Srebrenica MassacreSrebrenica Massacre, also known as , also known as

the the Srebrenica Genocide Srebrenica Genocide refers to the July refers to the July 1995 killing of more than 8,0001995 killing of more than 8,000[6][6] Bosnian Bosnian men and boys, as well as the ethnic men and boys, as well as the ethnic cleansing of 25,000–30,000 refugees in the cleansing of 25,000–30,000 refugees in the area of Srebrenica in Bosnia and area of Srebrenica in Bosnia and Herzegovina,Herzegovina,

Bosnian Genocide1992-95

- Bosnian Muslims outgunned- forced to flee homes- rape used as weapon of terror- mass shootings- makeshift concentration camps

KosovoKosovo

1998 Kosovo violence 1998 Kosovo violence again eruptsagain erupts

Southern Serbia Southern Serbia Ethnic Albanians were Ethnic Albanians were

killed, raped and forced killed, raped and forced to leave their homes by to leave their homes by the Serbsthe Serbs

NATO intervened on the NATO intervened on the side of the Albaniansside of the Albanians

Peace 1999Peace 1999

Double click on black box to Double click on black box to watch moviewatch movie

Bosnian Genocide1992-95

Radovan Karadzic named President of “Bosnian Serb Republic”- carries out genocide with immunity- no world response 1992-94 - Feb., 1994 – Serbian shell explodes in marketplace in Sarajevo killing 68 & wounding 200 civilians outrages world- UN declares cities

as safe havens – ignored by Serbians- Bill Clinton demands cessation of hostilities thru NATO

Bosnian Genocide1992-95

- Human shields- worst mass slaughter in Europe since Holocaust & continuing mass rape - Srebrenica- General Ratko Mladic

- NATO begins bombing of Serb positions in Aug., 1995 in response to Srebenica- organized Bosnian Muslim-Croat army puts Serbs on the run

Slobodan MilosevicSlobodan Milosevic

Extradited to stand trial Extradited to stand trial at the Hague in the at the Hague in the NetherlandsNetherlands

War crimesWar crimes Died March 11, 2006 Died March 11, 2006

without a verdict being without a verdict being handed down.handed down.

Bosnian Genocide1992-95

- Nov., 1995 Serbs begin negotiating peace treaty- Dayton Accords reached in Dec., 1995 ending conflict- International force (NATO) oversees compliance- Bosnian independence recognized- war criminals charged- 200,000 Muslims murdered in Bosnia, 20,000 missing, and 1,000,000 displaced

- “the greatest failure of the West since the 1930s”- Milosevic died while on trial at the Hague in 2006- Mladic is still at large- Karadzic is currently on trial at the Hague

http://www.pbs.org/http://www.pbs.org/frontlineworld/stories/bosnia502/frontlineworld/stories/bosnia502/

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