ballarat west growth areas report register documents the development and issue of the report...

Ballarat West Growth Areas Bonshaw Creek and Greenhalghs Road Precincts

Historic Archaeology Assessments

Final Report 27 September 2011

Prepared for City of Ballarat

ii

Report RegisterReport RegisterReport RegisterReport Register

This report register documents the development and issue of the report entitled Ballarat West Growth Areas - Bonshaw Creek and Greenhalgh Road Precincts, Historical Archaeology Assessments undertaken by Context Pty Ltd in accordance with our internal quality management system.

Project Project Project Project No.No.No.No.

Issue Issue Issue Issue No.No.No.No.

Notes/descriptionNotes/descriptionNotes/descriptionNotes/description Issue dateIssue dateIssue dateIssue date Issued toIssued toIssued toIssued to

1511 1 Draft Report 28/07/2011 Gwenda Kullen

1511 2 Final Report and CDs x 2 23/08/2011 Gwenda Kullen

1511 3 Final Report (revised) 23/09/2011 Susan Fayad & Jason Forest

1511 4 Final Report (revised) 27/09/2011) Susan Fayad & Jason Forest

Context Pty Ltd 2011

Project Team:

Julia Cusack, Senior Heritage Consultant/archaeologist

Annabel Neylon, Senior Heritage Consultant/Project manager

Jessie Briggs, GIS mapping and project support

Context Pty LtdContext Pty LtdContext Pty LtdContext Pty Ltd

22 Merri Street, Brunswick 3056

Phone 03 9380 6933 Facsimile 03 9380 4066

Email [email protected] Web www.contextpl.com.au

iii

CO NTE NT S

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY VII

Study Outputs vii

KEY FINDINGS IX

Archaeological Sites ix

Field Survey ix

KEY RECOMMENDATIONS XII

General Recommendations xii

Site Specific Recommendations xiii

1 INTRODUCTION 1

1.1 Purpose 1

This Report 1

1.2 Aims 1

1.3 Study limitations 2

2 THE STUDY AREA 3

2.1 Precinct Locations 3

2.2 Historic Context 4

Early Squatter-Pastoralist Settlement 4

Development of the Ballarat West Goldfield 5

2.3 Gold Mining Cultural Landscape 7

3 APPROACH & METHODOLOGY 8

3.1 Assessment & documentation 8

4 FINDINGS 10

4.1 Previously recorded heritage places and sites 10

4.2 Sources 11

Studies 11

Histories and Manuscripts 11

Maps and Plans 11

Historic Images 12

Registers and Lists 12

4.3 Field Assessment Results 12

4.4 Statutory Registers and Protection 14

Victorian Heritage Register 14

Heritage Overlay of Ballarat Planning Scheme 14

iv

Victorian Heritage Inventory 14

5 REVIEW OF SIGIFICANCE 15

5.1 Basis of Assessment 15

5.2 Establishing threshold for local significance 15

5.3 Assessment of significance 16

Archaeological significance – an overview 17

Comparative Analysis 17

Summary 19

5.4 Citations 20

6 RECOMMENDATIONS 21

6.1 General Recommendations 21

1. Develop a Mining Landscape Corridor 21

2. Establish Mining Heritage Exclusion Zones 21

3. Investigate Archaeological Potential 22

4. Prepare a Statement of Significance for the Mining Corridor Cultural Landscape 22

6.2 Site Specific Recommendations 22

7 VHI PLACE CITATIONS 32

BONSHAW CREEK PRECINCT 33

Mining Corridor Cultural Landscape 33

Evening Star / Working Miners No. 2 34

Site Description 34

Site History 34

Key site features: 35

Condition / Integrity 35

Sources: 36

Management Recommendations 36

United Working Miners No. 2 Shaft 37

Site Description 37

Site History 38



Significance 39

Sources: 39


Winters Freehold No. 2 41

Site Description 42

Site History 42



Significance 43

Sources 43

v


Prince Imperial 44

Site Description 44

Site History 44


Significance 45

Sources: 45


Albion Consuls 47

Site Description 47

Site History 47

Key site features 47

Significance 48

Sources: 48


Prince of Wales Gold Mines 49

Prince of Wales Shaft No. 1 49

Prince of Wales GM No. 3 Camp GM Co. 49

Prince of Wales Shaft No. 3 49

Site Description 49

Site History 50

Supple (1999:11-12) recorded details about the mine operations and machinery that was in use at the Prince of Wales Mines in 1865: 52

Key site features remaining at these sites: 53


Significance 55

Sources: 55


Prince of Wales and Bonshaw Co. 57

Site Description 57

Site History 58


Significance 60

Sources: 61


GREENHALGHS ROAD PRECINCT 63

Site of the Wiltshire Arms Hotel 63

Site Description 63

Site History 64



Significance 64

Statement of Significance: 65

vi

Sources: 65


Stone Footings 67

Site Description 67

Site History 68



Significance 68

Statement of Significance: 68

Sources: 69


BIBLIOGRAPHY 70

Studies 70

Histories 70

Maps and Plans 70

Images 71

Registers, Lists and Inventories 71

APPENDIX A – SITE DETAILS 72

APPENDIX B – SUMMARY RECOMMENDATIONS 75

APPENDIX C - MAPPING AND CURTILAGES 77

What is a curtilage? 77

What does the Burra Charter say? 77

Why is a curtilage critical? 77

What does the Victoria Planning Provision Practice note – Applying the Heritage Overlay – state? 77

How do you establish a curtilage? 78

APPENDIX D - GAZETTEER AND PHOTOS 79

vii

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This report outlines the results of a detailed archaeological (non-Indigenous) assessment of 11 historic archaeological sites in the Bonshaw Creek and Greenhalgh Road Precincts (see Figure 1 – The Study Area) within the proposed Ballarat West Growth Area. The Bonshaw Creek and Greenhalgh Road Precincts are situated to the west of the suburbs of Sebastopol and Delacombe in the City of Ballarat.

The study was commissioned by the City of Ballarat as an add-on component to the Sebastopol Heritage Study (Stage 2) which is currently being undertaken by Context P/L.

The study aims to provide the City of Ballarat with a useful tool to assist with decision making around the design of these two precincts. Specifically, it provides information about the location, nature and significance of the heritage places and advice as to their suitability to be retained, removed or adapted to fit into the design of each urban growth zone (UGZ).

A previous preliminary survey of the Ballarat West Growth Area was undertaken by Ecology Partners Pty Ltd in 2010. The sites recorded by Ecology Partners relate to historic gold mining activities and later rural settlement in the area. Ten of the sites recorded by Ecology Partners Pty Ltd are the focus of the present assessment and report. During the research and fieldwork, an additional gold mining site, the Prince of Wales No. 3 Gold Mine Site in Grant Street, was identified and accordingly assessed as part of this report, making it eleven archaeological sites that were assessed during this study.

The outcomes of this investigation and assessment are supported by the findings of the Ecology Partners Study as well as further historical research and fieldwork investigation. The outcomes of the Ecology Partners report was essential for the assessment of four of the sites considered in this study because they could not be visited due to land access restrictions. This means that the recommendations in this report build on those provided by Ecology Partners and are couched in terms of planning mechanisms. The priorities of the Council are to start planning future urban growth zones and best practice approaches to managing heritage within a urban development environment (i.e. options for incorporating heritage into urban housing precincts in a way that respects the significance of the heritage place).

This report makes an assesses the significance of historic archaeological sites within the Bonshaw Creek and Greenhalghs Road Precincts. It finds that there is a significant cultural landscape (mining corridor) running the along the western edge of the Township of Sebastopol, which is worthy of conservation and retention. The individual mine sites within this corridor are considered to be contributory elements of the cultural landscape, although most do not warrant a Heritage Overlay as individual places. The Prince of Wales/Bonshaw Mine site is considered to be particularly intact, and is being further investigated as part of the Sebastopol Heritage Study.

The corridor is an important reminder of the industry which founded the township of Sebastopol in the mid nineteenth century, and was the key driver for Sebastopol’s social, economic and demographic development until after the First World War. A ‘mining’ corridor which recognises and celebrates the unique heritage of this area will serve a number of key functions for the projected urban growth within the area: – provision of public open space, a green belt link between the ‘new’ and ‘old’ urban areas; a sense of place associated with understanding the history of the area, and avoidance of land which is unsuitable for residential development. In addition, the township of Sebastopol will retain its sense of identity and long connection with deep lead mining. A key recommendation of the report is that a citation and Statement of Significance are prepared for the Mining Corridor Cultural Landscape.

Study Outputs The documentary outputs from this study include:

viii

• A written report detailing the findings for the heritage assessment and management recommendations

• A CD containing digital images and mapping used in the report

• A CD containing the heritage shape file layer for transfer to the City of Ballarat’s GIS.

ix

KEY FINDINGS The key findings may be summarised as follows:

Archaeological Sites Bonshaw Creek Precinct: Within the boundaries of the Bonshaw Creek Precinct there were:

• Six individual parcels of land investigated

• Nine individual sites relating to the gold mining history were assessed

• None of these sites are protected by the Heritage Overlay of the City of Ballarat’s Planning Scheme

• None of these sites have been identified to be of State significance

• None of these sites have been identified to be of National significance

• All but one is listed on the Victorian Heritage Inventory1

• One currently has no statutory protection

Greenhalghs Road Precinct: Within the boundaries of the Greenhalghs Road Precinct there were:

• Two individual parcels of land investigated;

• Two individual sites assessed:

- one being a site containing the foundations of a gold mining era hotel (the Wiltshire Arms) and a complex of farm buildings and homestead relating to the post gold mining rural settlement in the area.

- The other being stone footings of a building that probably also relates to the post gold mining rural settlement of the area.

• Neither of these sites are protected by the Heritage Overlay of the City of Ballarat’s Planning Scheme

• Neither of these sites have been identified to be of State significance

• Neither of these sites have been identified to be of National significance

• Both of these sites have been recorded on the Victorian Heritage Inventory

Overall, there were 11 individual archaeological sites assessed in this study. A number of these sites are made up of multiple features. See Appendix A – Site Details for a list of the individual features recorded at each site.

Field Survey There were 4 properties that could not be accessed during the fieldwork. This was because of either difficulties contacting landowners or because some landowners were unwilling to

1 The newly identified Prince of Wales No. 3 Goldmine site in Miles Street, Sebastopol is not

included on the Victorian Heritage Inventory. All other sites assessed in this report are included on the VHI.

X

participated in the study because they had livestock in paddocks where archaeological sites are situated.

The two parcels of land that could not be accessed within the Bonshaw's Creek precinct contained the:

• Winter’s Freehold site (No. 2, Lot 32A, Tait Street, Delacombe)

• Prince Imperial and Albion Consols site (32 Miles Street, Sebastopol)

The two parcels of land that could not be accessed within the Greenhalghs Road Precinct contained the:

• Wiltshire Arms Hotel site (316 Glenelg Highway, Delacombe)

• Stone Footings site (CA 21 Greenhalghs Road, Bunkers Hill).

Restricted access to these 4 sites made it impossible to record any archaeological features or to understand their condition and to confirm their archaeological significance. An initial assessment was made on the basis of a visual inspection undertaken from the fence line on the public road reserve adjacent to these properties and from information contained the Ecology Partners (2010) report.

Findings

Of the 11 sites included in this study, 9 are gold mining sites dating from 1850s and 2 are 19th

century buildings, being the site of the Wiltshire Arms Hotel and Stone Footings relating to a rural settlement.

While none of the mining sites were found to be fully intact, with little visible above ground structural features remaining, as a group, they have cultural heritage significance, and can be understood when framed as a collection of individual sites which form a cultural (mining) landscape.

The main features remaining at the various individual gold mining sites are areas of ground disturbance features such as mullock heaps and areas of depressions and small mounds, channels (adjacent to some sites) and at one site (Prince of Wales and Bonshaw Co.) there are the footings of some buildings, the mine managers residence, trees, the mine shaft opening and a small section of a bluestone lined channel. The underground components of the mining sites may still remain intact but these could not be assessed within the scope of this study. Likewise, there may also be some sub-surface archaeological deposits at the Wiltshire Arms Hotel site and the Stone Footings site, but these also were unable to be verified or tested within the scope of this study.

Significance

All of the sites included in this study warrant inclusion on the Victorian Heritage Inventory (VHI), and all except one (Prince of Wales No. 3) are already listed on that inventory.

The Prince of Wales/Bonshaw mine is the most intact of the mine sites investigated in this study and is likely to have sufficient above ground fabric remaining to warrant the application of the Heritage Overlay of the City of Ballarat Planning Scheme to some or all of the associated land.

The other sites are considered to be of local interest as a unique group of sites contributing to a cultural landscape which expresses the early gold mining history of Sebastopol. The mining corridor should be considered for protection under the heritage overlay (HO) as a cultural landscape. The site of the Wiltshire Arms Hotel and the stone footings may also be of archaeological (or scientific) significance but this needs to be verified with further field based investigation such as sub-surface testing.

xi

Archaeological site recording & investigation

The study allowed for a basic level of recording to document features, the parameters of each site and to gain an understanding of the significance of each. Because we had access to just 4 parcels of land for this study, we had to rely on information contained in previous studies and visual inspections, aerial mapping and survey from public roadside reserves. 2 of the sites that could not be accessed (the Wiltshire Arms Hotel and Stone Footings sites) were recorded in enough detail during the Ecology Partners study to enable recommendations to be made for their protection. This means that the Winters Freehold, Prince Imperial and Albion Consuls mine sites were not able to be fully documented.

The following sites were assessed during this study.

• Evening Star / Working Miners No. 2

• Uniting Working Miners No. 2 Shaft

• Winters Freehold

• Prince Imperial

• Albion Consul

• Prince of Wales No. 1

• Prince of Wales GM No. 3 Camp GM Co.

• Prince of Wales No. 3 shaft

• Prince of Wales and Bonshaw Co

• Site of the Wiltshire Arms Hotel

• Stone Footings

XII

KEY RECOMMENDATIONS

General Recommendations

1. Develop a Mining Landscape Corridor

A ‘mining’ corridor incorporating a number of former mines should be developed and recognised as a significant cultural landscape. This would serve to protect these important sites and the link between the development of Sebastopol and deep lead gold mining. In addition it would provide an excellent area of shared public space, and create a green belt link between the historic town and the new urban development area. Interpretation which was located within the public open space would enhance the significance and understanding of the landscape. The corridor would include:

• Prince of Wales and Bonshaw Co. mine site

• Prince of Wales site complex including (Prince of Wales No. 1, the ‘New Prince of Wales’ shaft, Prince of Wales GM No. 3 Camp GM Co., Prince of Wales No. 3 shaft,

• Evening Star (Working Miners No. 2) and the Uniting Working Miners No. 2 Shaft

• This would also include the land to the west and south of the former St Joseph’s (Nazareth) Boys Home.

• An area of land which has archaeological potential related to gold mining (see Figure 6).

2. Establish Mining Heritage Exclusion Zones

The Prince Imperial and Albion Consuls and Winter’s Freehold mine sites should have exclusion zones established around them to enable the significant parts of the sites to be protected and incorporated into public open space.

In addition, each of the above mentioned mine sites should have a Conservation Management Plan, Landscape Development Plan and sensitive, appropriate interpretation developed as part of their inclusion in public open space.

3. Investigate Archaeological Potential

Further fieldwork should be carried out verify the archaeological significance and extent of Wiltshire Arms Hotel site and the Stone footings site.

4.Prepare Statement of Significance for Mining Corridor Cultural Landscape

xiii

Site Specific Recommendations

Place namePlace namePlace namePlace name VHI 7822VHI 7822VHI 7822VHI 7822---- Sites to be included Sites to be included Sites to be included Sites to be included in a heritage in a heritage in a heritage in a heritage corridor corridor corridor corridor –––– to be to be to be to be part of planned part of planned part of planned part of planned open space in UGZopen space in UGZopen space in UGZopen space in UGZ

Isolated sites to Isolated sites to Isolated sites to Isolated sites to be managed as be managed as be managed as be managed as open space in open space in open space in open space in UGZUGZUGZUGZ

Sites to be removed Sites to be removed Sites to be removed Sites to be removed from UGZ / to from UGZ / to from UGZ / to from UGZ / to remain in rural zoneremain in rural zoneremain in rural zoneremain in rural zone

Area requiring further Area requiring further Area requiring further Area requiring further investigationinvestigationinvestigationinvestigation

ReReReRecocococommended land usemmended land usemmended land usemmended land use options for the site(s)options for the site(s)options for the site(s)options for the site(s) CCCControls or conditions ontrols or conditions ontrols or conditions ontrols or conditions (e.g. (e.g. (e.g. (e.g. requirement for requirement for requirement for requirement for CMP’s, CMP’s, CMP’s, CMP’s, detailed detailed detailed detailed identification of the identification of the identification of the identification of the location of significant parts location of significant parts location of significant parts location of significant parts of the site)of the site)of the site)of the site)

Bonshaw Creek Bonshaw Creek Bonshaw Creek Bonshaw Creek PrecinctPrecinctPrecinctPrecinct

Evening Star/Working Miners No. 2

H7622-0133 The site to be include in mining landscape corridor (see proposed corridor plan)

Continue to remain undeveloped public space. Develop a CMP (that incorporates United Working Miners No. 2 shaft) Develop a landscape plan for the site that is sensitive to the management of the cultural heritage values. Develop interpretation for the site.

Uniting Working Miners No. 2 Shaft

H7622-0213 The site to be include in mining landscape corridor (see proposed corridor plan) Part of the land to the west of site may be included in the’ UGZ wit

The far west end of the site where a small dam was located should be recorded in more detail. This feature might relate to former mine activity, however, this needs to be established.

Continue to remain undeveloped public space. Develop a CMP (that incorporates Evening Star / Working Miners No. 2) Develop a landscape plan for the site that is sensitive to the management of the cultural

XIV






h curtilage to buffer (see proposed mining landscape corridor plan). This rec is pending further research and investigation which may include sub surface sampling to rule out any significant archaeological deposits.

heritage values. Develop interpretation for the site.

Winters Freehold H7622-0134 Depending on the

outcomes of further research, this site and a curtilage of land around it should be managed as public space within the UGZ (see proposed corridor plan)

Site to be recorded in more detail when access is available.

If the site is to be incorporated into the UGZ, a CMP and a landscape design plan should be developed to manage the sensitive cultural heritage values at the site. This could include development of interpretation.

Prince Imperial H7622-0135 Depending on the

outcomes of further research, this site and a curtilage of land

Alternatively, the land on which this site is situated to be removed from the UGZ.

Mine site and red brick ruin to east of the mine site should be recorded in more detail when access is available.

The red brick ruin which might be associated with the mine should be further investigated and if found to be significant, it should be

xv






around it should be managed as public space within the UGZ (see proposed corridor plan)

incorporated into the UGZ as publish space. If the site is to be incorporated into the UGZ, a CMP and a landscape design plan should be developed to manage the sensitive cultural heritage values at the site. This could include development of interpretation.

Albion Consul H7622-0135 Depending on the

outcomes of further research, this site and a curtilage of land around it should be managed as public space within the UGZ (see proposed corridor plan)


Mine site to be recorded in more detail when access is available.


Prince of Wales No. 1 H7622-0136 Part of this land may be included in a mining landscape corridor (see proposed corridor plan).

The land along 15-39 Prince Street may be included in the UGZ. However, because this land was originally recorded as the site of the Prince of Wales No. 1 mine, it should

A CMP and a landscape design plan should be developed to manage the sensitive cultural heritage values at the site. This could include development of

XVI






first be subjected to sub surface sampling to rule out any significant archaeological deposits.

interpretation.

The CMP should incorporate the Prince of Wales No. 1 and No. 2 shaft sites, the Camp mine site and the area of the camp site area.

Prince of Wales GM No. 3 Camp GM Co.

H7622-0216 This site should be include in mining landscape corridor (see proposed corridor plan)

See above

Prince of Wales No. 3 shaft

n/a All of the remaining undeveloped land or at least part of this land should be included in the mining landscape corridor (see proposed corridor plan)


A CMP and a landscape design plan should be developed to manage the sensitive cultural heritage values at the site. This could include development of interpretation.

Prince of Wales and Bonshaw Co.

H7622-0217 and H7622-0137

The site to be include in mining landscape corridor (see proposed corridor plan)

The extent of this site and the features relating to its significance need to be recorded in more detail.


xvii






Greenhalgh RoadGreenhalgh RoadGreenhalgh RoadGreenhalgh Road PrecinctPrecinctPrecinctPrecinct

Site of the Wiltshire Arms Hotel

H7622-0449 This site and

curtilage of land around it to be managed as public space within the UGZ (see proposed corridor plan)

Requires further investigation to establish significance. This may involve sub surface testing and if required, full scale research excavation.


Stone Footings H7622-0448 This site and

curtilage of land around it to be managed as public space within the UGZ (see proposed corridor plan)



HISTORICAL ARCHAEOLOGY ASSESSMENTS

1

1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Purpose The report has been prepared for the City of Ballarat. This assessment seeks to provide guidance around the management, including retention or possible removal, of known (non-indigenous) historic heritage places within proposed urban growth zones (UGZ). In addition, it provides recommendations for how significant places and sites should be managed and where possible incorporated into the UGZ. The significance assessment and management recommendations are underpinned by a brief background history and the results of a field investigation that was undertaken in late June and mid July 2011.

The Ballarat West Growth Areas are located within the City of Ballarat. This report focuses on the Bonshaw Creek and Greenhalgh Road Precincts, which cover the western portions of the suburbs of Sebastopol and Delacombe (see Figure 1 – The Study Area). The study was conducted between 2 June and 28 July 2011 and includes an assessment of the cultural heritage significance of all known historic heritage places in these two precincts based on desktop research and 3 days of fieldwork. It does not make an assessment of or reference to indigenous heritage places or sites within these precincts.

This report has been prepared in accordance with the guidelines set out by the ICOMOS Burra Charter, and references the Victorian Historic Themes Framework. In accordance with Heritage Victoria guidelines, the Study was prepared using The Burra Charter: The Australia ICOMOS Charter for Places of Cultural Heritage Significance (1999) and its guidelines.

Places of cultural heritage significance were assessed using the Heritage Council Criteria for the Assessment of Cultural Heritage Significance (HERCON).

This Report

The results of this study are contained in this written report and a CD that contains a large volume of historic research material that was sourced and used in this study including images, maps and plans. The CD also contains the GIS mapping produced for this study.

The fieldwork and report for this study was prepared by Julia Cusack, Senior Heritage Consultant/archaeologist and the project was managed as part of the Sebastopol Heritage Study by Annabel Neylon, Senior Heritage Consultant/Associate. Some of the background research was undertaken by Celestina Sagazio, Heritage Consultant and the GIS mapping was prepared by Jessie Briggs, Heritage Project Support.

The study was commissioned by the City of Ballarat as an add-on component to the Sebastopol Heritage Study, which is currently being prepared by Context P/L.

1.2 Aims The study aims to provide a useful tool to assist the City of Ballarat to make decisions about the design and layout of the Bonshaw Creek and Greenhalgh Road precincts. Specifically, it provides information about the heritage sites within these precincts that will assist with decision making around their suitability to be retained, removed or adapted as part of any proposed new developments.

A previous preliminary survey of the Ballarat West Growth Area was undertaken by Ecology and Heritage Partners Pty Ltd in 2010. This study recorded ten of the historical archaeological sites under investigation in this study. These sites relate to the history of gold mining and later rural settlement in the area.

BALLARAT WEST GROWTH AREAS - BONSHAW CREEK AND GREENHALGH ROAD PRECINCTS

2

A key aim of this report is to provide advice about the significance of heritage places and justification for the retention or removal as well as management recommendations for those that are to be retained and incorporated into any UGZ.

1.3 Study limitations The limited timeframe and budget for the project has placed restrictions on the amount of field investigation and the depth of historical research. Any new sites or features within known sites were identified on historical mapping or aerial imagery. They were not, however, able to be recorded in detail in the field due to the limited time and access available to parts of the survey area. In addition, difficulty in arranging access to 4 of the sites has limited our ability to make a final assessment of the physical fabric and significance of these places.

As is usual for studies of this kind, inspection of individual properties easily viewed from the public realm was limited to the front and side views of the property only.


3

2 THE STUDY AREA

2.1 Precinct Locations The Bonshaw Creek and Greenhalghs Road Precincts are situated within the Parishes of Ballarat and Cardigan, in the County of Grenville. Both precincts are within the present City of Ballarat local government administration area.

The Bonshaw Creek precinct is situated at the western side of Sebastopol and in the suburb of Delacombe. The southern boundary of the study area coincides with the southern extent of the City of Ballarat administration area. The alignment of the proposed Western Link Road, historically known as the Three Chain Road or the Portland Road, forms the southern boundary of the study area. The northern boundary of the Bonshaw Creek precinct is defined by the Glenelg Highway (Hertford Street).

The Greenhalghs Road precinct is situated within the suburbs of Delacombe and Bunkers Hill and is immediately north of the Bonshaw Creek precinct. It is defined by the Glenelg Highway (Hertford Street) along the southern boundary, ‘The Ridge’ along the eastern boundary and extensions of West End (Whitelaw Avenue) to the north and Dyson Drive along the western boundary.

See Figure 1 showing the boundaries of the Bonshaw’s Creek and Greenhalghs Road precincts.

Figure 1: The Study Area

Bonshaw Creek and Greenhalghs Road Precincts


4

2.2 Historic Context The historic context of individual sites is difficult to separate from their immediate neighbouring areas. The boundary of the Bonshaw’s Creek and Greenhalghs Road precincts is an artificial one, with the history of Ballarat West and Sebastopol relating to both areas. In this case the history of early pastoral runs, followed by gold mining and later closer settlement relates to the history of both areas.

The area that is now the City of Ballarat was first settled by Europeans in the 1830s. The era of Pastoralism began with squatters who flooded into the Port Phillip District after 1834. In 1836, squatting was legalized and this encouraged a ‘further wave of land hunters’, and by 1850s all but the most uninviting areas of Victoria such as the northern Wimmera, Mallee and parts of Gippsland had been occupied (Context, 2004 Vol. 1:9, cites Dingle, The Victorians. Settling, pp.28, 68).

Large tracts of land were taken up by squatters after favourable reports from early explorers who promoted the area for grazing and raising livestock. From the 1850s, regional centres began to develop as a result of increased traffic through to the goldfields.

Shortly after Europeans first settled in the Ballarat and Sebastopol areas, about 70 people were living in huts and log cabins and most worked as shepherds and farm hands for squatters.

The Selection Acts of the 1860s opened land for freehold settlement and provided opportunities for establishing small, often mixed, farming operations. Closer settlement from the 1900s promoted settlement in the area as larger pastoral holdings were subdivided and sold off. The principal phases of European settlement in Ballarat West occurred between the 1830s and 1900. In chronological order, the principal settlement phases are concerned with 1. a short period of early squatter-pastoralist dominated settlement (1830s-1850s)

2. an intensive and highly productive phase of gold mining (1851-1875)

3. the emergence of closer settlement and farming communities (from 1880s)

4. the development of Ballarat and Sebastopol (from 1860s through to the present).

Other phases of occupation may also relate to the commercial, industrial and cultural development of Ballarat and Sebastopol from 1900 and post war migrations during the mid 20

th Century. However, these phases of migration and occupation are outside the date range for

the sites under assessment in this study and have therefore been omitted from this brief history.

Early Squatter-Pastoralist Settlement

The first period of settlement in the study area was that of unauthorised occupation. This involved Mesers Anderson and Yuille who took up land in what was to become the Ballarat area. Archibald and William Yuille took up land that they named the ‘Ballarat Run’ and Henry Anderson took up and area he named ‘Woolshed Creek’.

The Ballarat Run was gazetted in 1849 and in 1852, was passed on to Archibald McLachlan. Around this time, Anderson also passed Woolshed Creek on to William Yuille and Archie Yuile is said to have built the first house on this land around this time. Anderson moved south to an area known as Saltwater Creek. This land was later taken up by Jock Winter who renamed the property ‘Bonshaw’ (Jenkins and Jenkins 1980:104 and Jenkins 2002:7 and 8).

In the early days of settlement in Ballarat, there were up to 70 people living and working in the area. They built huts and log cabins and worked as shepherds and farm hands for the early pastoral land holders (Jenkins 2002:7).

There are no confirmed reports of heritage places from this earliest period of European settlement within the Bonshaw Creek or Greenhalghs Road precincts, however, the place


5

where the Yuille brothers built their first house is said to be located at the end of what is now Bala Street in Sebastopol.

Development of the Ballarat West Goldfield

In August 1851, the first gold was first discovered in the Ballarat region by Thomas Hiscock. Hiscock’s discovery was made in a gully at Buninyong. Later in the same month, John Dunlop and James Regan also found gold at Poverty Point. These discoveries started a flood of people who came to establish a claim to find gold (Bannear 1999:5, Supple 1999) and the landscape of the area was changed forever by the mining activities that were to follow for the next 30 or 40 years.

Figure 2: Hand drawn map showing the Prince of Wales Tent Town (taken from Jenkins, 1964)

By 1855, there were four tent camps recorded within the boundary of Sebastopol (Jenkins 1980: 105). One of these tent camps is said to have been located at the Prince of Wales gold mine, just south of Miles Street (see the location of the ‘Tent Town’ on the hand drawn map by Jenkins 1964:np).

The intensive search for surface gold very quickly depleted deposits. Miners in the Sebastopol area started searching for deeper sources of gold by quarrying ancient river gravels, some up to 400ft below the ground surface (Bannear 1989:6). This activity was known as deep lead mining.

Deep lead mining was initially a slow and difficult process. Miners needed to sink shafts through thick hardened lava deposits and erosion sediments to find the gold laden gravels that occur in deep underground rivers and streams. This method, which was very dangerous, required the development of mechanisation to make access to deep leads possible. The deep lead mining technology and methods were first introduced to the Ballarat and Sebastopol goldfields in 1852 by the newly arrived Cornish, Welsh and Scottish tin and coal miners. These miners had experience in mining deep underground and brought with them skills and knowledge that would prove invaluable for accessing deep lead gold deposits. At the time, no other major goldfields in the world faced such difficulties accessing gold deposits (Davey 1996: 52). A lithograph showing the layout and mechanisation in use at the Prince of Wales gold mine is in figure 3 below (also see this image in larger format on the accompanying CD).


6

Figure 3: Prince of Wales Gold Mining Co. (Ltd), Cobblers Ballarat. Herman Deutsch, ca. 1862.

Colour lithograph (SLV, No: H6864, b28401).

By the late 1850s, after the initial boom in deep lead mining, a large portion of the local mining population were engaged in reworking old alluvial deposits by either sluicing or puddling to extract more gold from already processed quartz cobbles. Chinese miners were heavily involved in the reworking activities (Bannear 1999:6).

Deep lead mining boomed between 1864 and 1870. For some lease holders, mining was productive and shareholders became wealthy very quickly. Successful mines in West Ballarat and Sebastopol were the Prince of Wales, Albion and the Working Miners (Findlay and Douglas 1992:17), however, The Band of Hope and Albion Consols mines were Ballarat’s largest and wealthiest (Bannear 1999: 6). This new wealth and the arrival of more people to the goldfield meant that a permanent community, rather than transient settlers started to establish. Along with the mining population, commercial businesses now also occupied the area.

Figure 4. View of the Sebastopol lead, Ballaarat 1858. (SLV, IMN02-01-58-3,

pi005816)

Figure 5. Street Scene, Sebastopol 1866 ( SLV- H2968, mp000470)

By the 1870s Ballarat was well established and had developed into a city that served a community that was beyond that of the gold mining community. According to Bannear (1999:8) deep lead mining had transformed the place forever. A W Strange (quoted in Bannear 1999:8) wrote:

Only 19 years after Dunlop and Regan pitched their lonely camp, a big progressive bustling city had arisen. A city with over 40,000 inhabitants, 56 churches, 3 town halls, 477 hotels, many large public buildings, 84 miles of made streets, 164 miles of footpaths, 15 miles of stone channelling, and a reticulated water supply with 60 main water pipes. A gas works and 50 miles of gas mains. Sturt and Bridge streets were lined with well-stocked elegant shops and business


7

premises. A new township developed after 1856 when the Frenchman’s Lead was worked along with others under the basalt. It was known as Sebastopol and was declared a Borough in 1864. Within the boundaries of the 3 municipalities there were 11 banks, 13 breweries, 8 iron foundries and 3 flourmills.

By the late 1860s, reduced yields from deep lead mines resulted in closures, with Winter’s Freehold being one of the last to shut down in 1875. These closures ended the intensive deep lead mining phase on the Ballarat and Sebastopol goldfields.

Deep lead mining was both an economically and politically important activity in the development of Victoria. According to Professor Geoffrey Blainey, the difficulties with extracting gold from the Ballarat deep alluvial leads were associated with the Eureka uprising and the establishment of a fairer administration of mining licences. The outcomes of the Eureka uprising are often connected to the beginnings of democracy and support for workers in Australia (Blainey, 1963, 46-52).

2.3 Gold Mining Cultural Landscape There are many landscape reminders of gold mining in Ballarat West and Sebastopol. In the Bonshaw Creek Precinct, a particularly obvious example are the former mining operation sites that are situated between the former Evening Star / Working Miners No. 2 mines site Crown Street, through to former Prince of Wales and Bonshaw Mine Co at the southern boundary of the City of Ballarat.

This landscape contains a number of mining sites and other places that define the former gold mining areas that are a unique feature of the history of Sebastopol and Ballarat West.


8

3 APPROACH & METHODOLOGY This assessment has addressed the relevant sections of the Heritage Act 1995, the Planning and Environment Act 1987 and The Australian ICOMOS Charter for the Conservation of Places of Cultural Significance 1999 (The Burra Charter) as well as local planning and Commonwealth heritage protection legislation.

The study methodology was based upon the series of tasks set out in the brief and included the following:

• Initial consultation meeting with the City of Ballarat

• Search of the Victorian Heritage Register, Victorian Heritage Inventory, City of Ballarat’s Heritage Overlay

• Preparation of a Project Management Plan

• Review of previous heritage assessments which are relevant to the study area, including the assessment prepared by Ecology and Heritage Partners Pty Ltd to pick up on a more detailed assessment of the historic archaeological sites they recorded within the two precincts

• Review of local histories and a search of archival sources that are relevant to the identification of archaeological sites, features and potential disturbance of those places

• Site visits to assess the archaeological potential and to record any extant visible features at the eight heritage places

• A brief contextual history of the study area, from the earliest period of non-indigenous settlement to the present, identifying places and events that are significant to the locality’s history

• A list of the heritage sites and their associated historic themes

• Identification of areas within those sites which may contain archaeological deposits and features (non- indigenous) relating to the significance of those places.

• Assessment of the significance of identified heritage sites and elements within those sites and recommendation for their future management, including whether they should be retained.

• A visual inspection of all accessible heritage sites within both Bonshaw Creek and Greenhalghs Road precincts was carried out by Julia Cusack in the company of staff from the City of Ballarat. Due to difficulties in arranging mutually agreeable property access times with the owners of the land on which Winter’s Freehold, Prince Imperial and Albion Consuls, the site of the Wiltshire Arms and the stone footings are situated was not possible. The survey therefore concentrated on an inspection of the exterior of those places where they could be viewed from the adjacent road reserve. All other places were able to be accessed to enable a more detailed assessment of their condition and integrity.

3.1 Assessment & documentation The following tasks were undertaken to assess the places and precincts:

• A review of the work undertaken by Ecology and Heritage Partners in 2010 to gain an understanding of the sites they recorded and to develop a strategy for delivering more detailed heritage assessments and advice that will facilitate the City of Ballarat and the Growth Area’s Authorities ‘future planning priorities’.


9

• A review of historical information from various primary and secondary sources to be consolidated into a single set of concise historical information about each site.

• A brief description of each site. In the case of sites that could not be visited due to access issues, descriptive information from previous studies has been incorporated into the description.

• An assessment of significance in accordance with The Burra Charter: The Australia ICOMOS Charter for Places of Cultural Significance (1999) using the HERCON criteria, applying the thresholds of local or State significance (please refer to Section 5.2).


10

4 FINDINGS

4.1 Previously recorded heritage places and sites The Ecology Partners study (2010) assessed known and made new recordings of archaeological places within the Bonshaw Creek and Greenhalghs Road precincts. These sites formed the primary source of information for this assessment. It provided details about the location, current condition and layout and included the following sites:

Place namePlace namePlace namePlace name VHI VHI VHI VHI numbernumbernumbernumber

Recorded Recorded Recorded Recorded AddressAddressAddressAddress

Property Property Property Property No.No.No.No.

Bonshaw Creek Precinct

Evening Star / Working Miners No. 2

H7622-0133

362 Albert St Sebastopol

2012845


H7622-0213

362 Albert St Sebastopol

2012845

Winters Freehold

H7622-0134

No. 2

Lot 32A Tait Street

Delacombe

2031576

Prince Imperial and Albion Consuls

H7622-0135

32 Miles Street

Sebastopol 2000321

Prince of Wales No. 1

H7622-0136

15-39 Prince Street Sebastopol

2026429


H7622-0216

Miles Street

Sebastopol

2023248 & 2049675

Prince of Wales

H7622-0137

2000323

Bonshaw Co H7622-0217

2000323

Greenhalghs Road Precinct


H7622-0449

316 Glenelg Highway Delacombe

2012289

Stone Footings H7622-0448

21 Greenhalghs Road, Bunkers Hill

2012998


11

4.2 Sources In order to assess the significance of these sites, a number of sources were examined. These included the Victorian Heritage Inventory, which lists all of the known archaeological sites within the study area, including site information regarding the fabric of some places. Generally those places which are included on the Victorian Heritage Inventory can be considered to have statutory protection under the Heritage Act 1995 as archaeological sites which are over fifty years old.

We also checked the Victorian Heritage Register (VHR) and the Schedule to the Heritage Overlay (HO) of the Ballarat Planning Scheme. This revealed that none of the sites assessed in this study have been listed on the VHR and none are currently protected by the HO. All sites, however, are listed on the VHI and can be divided into two main categories: 1) gold mine sites with both above ground (ruinous) features and below ground deposits and 2) the remains of built heritage places that are now ruinous and entirely archaeological.

Further historical research was also undertaken, with a review of primary sources such as mining reports and maps and plans held by the State Library of Victoria, the National Library of Australia and the Ballarat Gold Mining Museum. A number of secondary sources were also consulted. The primary and secondary research was undertaken in order to understand the context in which archaeological deposits are likely to be preserved and to develop an approach for assessing their significance.

In summary, the sources used in this study include:

Studies

• Ballarat West Growth Area, Precinct 1, Bonshaw and Sebastopol, Victoria: Aboriginal and Historical Heritage Assessment (Ecology Partners, 2010)

• Ballarat West Growth Area. Precinct 2. Smythes Creek and Delacombe, Victoria (Ecology Partners, 2010)

• Victorian Goldfields Project: Historic Gold Mining Sites in the Southern Mining Divisions of Ballarat Mining District. (R. Supple, 1999)

• Victorian Goldfields Project: Historic Mining Sites in the Ballarat City Goldfield. Preliminary Report on Cultural Heritage (Department of Natural Resources and Environment).

Histories and Manuscripts

• The Yarrowee River…with a Personal Touch (A. Jenkins, 2002)

• Ballarat Hotels Past and Present (J. Hargreaves, nd.)

• Hotels of Ballarat (J. I. Lock 1999)

• The Golden Chain, A History of Sebastopol (Victoria, Australia) with special reference to gold and mining (Evan D Jenkins & Arthur J Jenkins, 1980)

Maps and Plans

• An Underground Survey of Mines, Ballarat. Surveyed by Robert Allan, under the direction of C. W. Langtree, Secretary for Mines, and Chief Mining Surveyor for the Colony of Victoria, March 1887

• Allan, Robert. Plan of the Ballarat and Sebastopol gold mines showing the various claims and leases. 1870-79 MAP RM 3446.


12

• Australia Army Survey Corps, Ballarat. 1933-35 (NLA: MAP ASC 3)

• Borough of Sebastopol, Parishes of Ballaarat and Cardigan, County of Grenville 1940.

• Mining district of Ballaarat compiled from the maps in the Surveyor Generals Office and the mining surveyors plans at the Office of the Board of Science, R. Brough Smyth, Secretary, 25 June 1859. (MAP RM 1000).

• Plan of Ballarat, Sebastopol and Buninyong gold field showing mining areas to be drained by a proposed Adit along the valley of the Yarrowee River 1870-79.

• Township of Sebastopol, Parish of Ballarat, County of Grenville 1961.

• Victoria. Dept. of Crown Lands and Survey. Sebastopol, Parish of Ballaarat, County of Grenville, 1873. MAP RM 2740/43. Part 1

• Victoria. Mines Dept. Ballarat Gold Field 1874. (SLV MAP RM 1738)

Historic Images

• Prince of Wales Gold Mining Co. (Ltd), Cobblers Ballarat ca. 1862. Colour lithograph (SLV, No: H6864, b28401).

• View of the Sebastopol lead, Ballaarat 1858. (SLV, IMN02-01-58-3, pi005816)

• Street Scene, Sebastopol 1866 ( SLV- H2968, mp000470)

Registers and Lists

• Australian Heritage Database (including Register of the National Estate)

• National Trust of Australia (Victoria) Register

• Schedule to the Heritage Overlay, City of Ballarat Planning Scheme

• HERMES database (Heritage Victoria)

• Heritage Inventory Site Cards (held by Heritage Victoria)

4.3 Field Assessment Results Six of the 11 sites under consideration in this study were visited during field assessments conducted on 22nd June, 20th and 29th July 2011. The properties that could not be visited were inspected, as far as possible, from the roadside reserve and information about these sites was also compiled from the Ecology Partners report, historic maps, plans and aerial photography over these areas.

The sites and features recorded within each are listed below. Where sites could not be visited, grid coordinates were verified using City of Ballarat’s aerial mapping layer which was uploaded into our Quantum GIS. Photographs were taken at each site to record the site and the condition of features within the site. Photos of each site are contained on the accompanying CD.

Detailed information about each site is contained in Section 7 - VHI Site Citations and a summary of this information is also contained in Appendix A – Summary Site Details. Mapping showing the location of each site and the individual features are in Figures 6 - 9 and are also contained on the CD.


13

Place namePlace namePlace namePlace name VHI No. VHI No. VHI No. VHI No. Feature Feature Feature Feature DescriptionDescriptionDescriptionDescription

Bonshaw Creek Precinct


H7622-0133 Ground disturbance

UW Miners No. 2 Shaft H7622-0213 Mullock heap

Small dam

Channel

Winters Freehold H7622-0134 Mullock heap

Prince Imperial H7622-0135 Mullock heap

Red brick ruin

Albion Consul H7622-0135 Mullock heap

Prince of Wales No. 1 H7622-0136 Mullock heap

Mullock heap

Ground disturbance

Ground disturbance

‘New Prince of Wales’ Shaft


H7622-0216 Mullock heap

Camp location (approx.)

Dam

Prince of Wales No. 3 n/a Disturbance/mullock

Dam


H7622-0217 & 0137

Mullock heap 1

Mullock heap 2

Rubble 1

Ground disturbance

Rubble 2

Mullock /drain line

Stone channel & bridge

Rubble 3

Mine shaft entrance

Rubble 4

House

Dam

Greenhalghs Road Precinct


H7622-0449 Ruin site

Stone Footings H7622-0448 Ruin site


14

4.4 Statutory Registers and Protection

Victorian Heritage Register

None of the places recorded during the study have previously been considered to be of State Significance and recorded on the Victorian Heritage Register.

Heritage Overlay of Ballarat Planning Scheme

None of the places recorded in the study have previously been considered for protection under the Heritage Overlay of the Ballarat Planning Scheme. The former St Joseph’s Boys home (also known as Nazareth House) is the only place within the study area that has been afforded a level of statutory protection under the Planning and Environment Act 1987. The former St Josephs boys’ home is within the Bonshaw Creek Precinct.

Victorian Heritage Inventory

The Bonshaw’s Creek Precinct contains eight archaeological sites on the Victorian Heritage Inventory (VHI) and the Greenhalghs Road Precinct contains two archaeological sites listed on the VHI. While the inventory is a repository for recording known archaeological sites across Victoria, it does not provide specific statutory protection. Rather, Section 127 of the Heritage Act 1995 makes provision for the protection for all of Victoria’s historical archaeological sites over 50 years old (that are not included on the Heritage Register). Under Section 129, it is an offence to excavate damage or disturb relics and sites irrespective of whether they are included on the Heritage Inventory, unless consent has been issued.

The Prince of Wales No. 3 Gold Mine site, in Miles Street Sebastopol is the only site within this report not included on the VHI.


15

5 REVIEW OF SIGIFICANCE This section provides a review of the cultural heritage significance of the known places and sites on the basis of the limited investigations carried out for this report. As noted in Section 1, the purpose of this assessment it to provide clear direction and advice on what is, and what is not significant within the places, and to recommend appropriate management priorities (including curtilage areas) and policies.

As also noted in Section 1, some places were not able to be inspected during the course of this project, and will require physical inspection to review the recommendations regarding appropriate curtilage and significant elements.

5.1 Basis of Assessment The Burra Charter defines ‘cultural significance’ as:

aesthetic, historic, scientific, social or spiritual value for past, present or future generations

The Burra Charter further clarifies that:

Cultural significance is embodied in the place itself, its fabric, setting, use, associations, meanings, records, related places and related objects. Places may have a range of values for different individual or groups

5.2 Establishing threshold for local significance The Heritage Victoria standard brief for heritage studies notes that local significance can include places of significance to a town or locality. For the purposes of this review the following series of local ‘tests’ developed to determine whether a place met the threshold of local significance using the Heritage Council of Victoria (HERCON) criteria:

• The place is associated with a key theme identified in the thematic environmental history. The place will have a strong association with the theme and this will be clearly illustrated by the fabric, when compared with other places (Criterion A).

• The place may be rare within the municipality or to a township or locality. It may be a very early place, or one that is under-represented within Ballarat West (Criterion B).

• If it is a representative example of a place type it will usually have the typical range of features normally associated with that type – i.e. it will be a benchmark example. If a precinct, it will usually have a high degree of integrity (i.e. 70% or more of the places will be considered to be contributory) (Criterion D).

• The place is an exemplar of an architectural style or represents significant technical or artistic/architectural innovation or achievement when compared to other similar places in the municipality. The places will usually have a high degree of integrity when compared to other places (Criterion F).

• The place has strong social or historic associations to a township or locality (Criterion G) or to an individual or organisation (Criterion H) and, in particular:

- There is continuity of use or association, meanings, or symbolic importance over a period of 25 years or more (representing transition of values beyond one generation).

- The association has resulted in a deeper attachment that goes beyond utility value.

- The connection between a place and a person/s or organisations is not short or incidental and may have been documented – for example in local histories, other heritage studies or reports, local oral histories etc.


16

By comparison, places that do not meet the threshold of local significance will generally be those where:

• Historical associations are not well established or are not reflected in the fabric because of low integrity, or

• The place is common within the municipality or already well-represented in the Heritage Overlay, or

• If a precinct, it has a high proportion of non-contributory buildings, or

• It is a typical, rather than outstanding example of an architectural style or technical achievement and there are better representative examples in the municipality.

• The social or historical associations are not well established or demonstrated.

5.3 Assessment of significance Detailed assessments of significance for each site were not undertaken. Rather, a general significance assessment based on the fabric, historical information and archaeological potential of each site was generated. It is recommended that a statement of significance is prepared using the HERCON method for the Mining Corridor Cultural Landscape.

Preparing a Statement of Significance for the whole of the cultural landscape considers the landscape itself as the place and addresses the assessment parameters set out in Sections 5.1 and 5.2.


17

Archaeological significance – an overview

Sites were rated on a gradient from high to none, where high indicates sites that are known to have substantial intact architectural features and/or archaeological deposits. Sites lacking in known extant remains and devoid of these features are graded as low. Sites that are highly disturbed or lacking any likelihood of archaeological deposits are graded as being none. As well as these criteria, additional measures used to rank sites for priority assessment included age, rarity, availability of historical records and research potential, potential for interpretation, and site integrity and intactness. A further measure considered was threat of disturbance or destruction.

As well as the above criteria, additional measures used to rank sites for priority assessment included age, rarity, availability of historical records and research potential, potential for interpretation, and site integrity and intactness.

Assessment

In the Bonshaw Creek precinct, there is very little above ground evidence of the infrastructure that was built to operate the mines. There may be remains immediately sub-surface. The Prince of Wales and Bonshaw Company site is the most intact, having some archaeological evidence showing the layout of the mine operation, the mine manager’s residence and introduced tree plantings. Other sites have less above ground evidence, but subsurface excavation may reveal significant artefacts. Despite the removal of much of the above ground mining infrastructure, it is likely that the underground mine features still remain. These underground components are largely inaccessible and would be dangerous to access; however, they will almost certainly be of interest for future research.

In the Greenhalghs Road precinct, the Wiltshire Arms Hotel and the former farm buildings have been removed and their remains are now entirely archaeological below ground features. The only remaining structures in this precinct are the farm buildings adjacent to the site of the Wiltshire Arms Hotel.

The archaeological (or scientific) integrity of all sites assessed in this study has been compromised to varying degrees, as are most nineteenth and early twentieth mine sites. The degree of disturbance that has occurred at each has left little or no above ground fabric, however most of the mines will survive to some degree. Disturbance has been in the form of land use activities such as quarrying mullock spoil from mining sites, agriculture and use of at least two former mine sites (United Working Miners No. 2 and the Prince of Wales) as council waste depots. In all cases, the built fabric has been removed either because it has fallen into disrepair or for reuse. It likely possible that there are significant archaeological deposits below ground on all sites, including the underground mine features.

Comparative Analysis

Sites were compared with known examples of the same type in the region. Sites were rated on a gradient from rare to frequently occurring, where rare indicates a unique or rare example of a site of its type. Sites that occur in frequent numbers across the region have a lower significance rating.

Assessment

The deep lead mining and quartz crushing sites in the Bonshaw’s Creek Precinct are key to understanding the economic, social and political history the Sebastopol area, and more broadly of gold mining in the Victoria. The extraction of gold from deep alluvial leads required new forms of technological initiative which was introduced by Welsh, Scottish and Cornish immigrants to the goldfields in the 1850s and 60s. These miners and their colleagues were also


18

associated with the events sounding the Eureka Stockade and the rise of work conditions in support of mine workers rights.

Therefore, the Ballarat West mining sites are a link to the introduction and use of innovative deep lead alluvial mining technology, the settlement of Cornish, Scottish and Welsh mining communities and the emergence of social democracy in Victoria and Australia.

Deep lead mining was in operation elsewhere in Victoria during the mid to late 19th century.

There have been a number of deep lead mining sites deemed to be of significance to enable their inclusion on local Heritage Overlays and the Victorian Heritage Register (VHR).

Two mines in the Central Goldfields region of Victoria that have been added to the Victorian Heritage Register for their significance are the New Australasian No. 2 Deep Lead Gold Mining Memorial and Site and the Berry Consols Extended Deep Lead Gold Mine. Both mines are in the Hepburn Shire and both have been included on the VHR for their historical, archaeological and scientific importance. .

• The New Australasian No. 2 Deep Lead Gold Mining Site and Memorial has been assessed historically and socially important for its associations with Victoria's most devastating underground mining accident in which 22 miners died in an underground flash flood. This event had a major effect on the local community, with many wives and children affected by the loss of their husbands and fathers. This site is considered to be historically and scientifically important as an underground alluvial gold mine and for the tragedy that occurred at the site. The above ground remains of this mine include mullock heaps, a mine shaft and a memorial.

• The Berry Consols Extended Deep Lead Gold Mine has been assessed to be of historical, archaeological and scientific importance and is a characteristic example of an important form of gold mining. It played an important role in contributing to Victoria's nineteenth century wealth and was where the intensive use of machinery was in operation. It is considered to be scientifically important for its potential to yield artefacts and evidence which could provide information about the technological history of gold mining. The above ground remains include mullock heaps, pebble dumps, foundations of mine machinery.

The degree to which local communities value deep lead alluvial mines is demonstrated by the New Australasian No. 2 Deep Lead Gold Mining Site and Memorial and the Berry Consols Extended Deep Lead Gold Mine. Their role in preserving the history of deep lead alluvial mining is important for education, tourism, community pride and as a memorial to the people who worked and, in some cases died, in them.

Comparison between the mining sites in Ballarat West and the examples above reveal a number of similarities demonstrating how they are rare and significant from a technological and social point of view. Although all but a few archaeological reminders of the above ground infrastructure has been removed from the mine sites in the Bonshaw’s Creek Precinct, a landscape associated with mining activity remains. Despite the removal of almost all the above ground mining infrastructure, it is likely that the underground mine features still remain. These underground components are largely inaccessible and would be dangerous to do so; however, they may one day be of interest for future research.

With public support and the appropriate management, the Ballarat mining landscape can be a place of connection for the communities of Ballarat West and Sebastopol. In particular for those who are the decedents of the miners who settled in the area.

In relation to the sites within the Greenhalghs Road Precinct, the former hotel and farm complex are a relatively common site type in the region. In the case of the former farm complex, this site type occurs in frequent numbers across rural and regional Victoria.


19

Summary

This study area contains the remains of a number of gold mines and associated places that are primarily represented as landscape features. The gold mining activities that occurred in the mid to late 19

th century in central Victoria were an important part of the Victoria and

Australia’s economic, technological and social development. The gold mining sites in Sebastopol and West Ballarat goldfields played a significant part in the history of this area. Mines are not uncommon in Ballarat West (or City of Ballarat) as they were a key part of the nineteenth and early twentieth century history of the area. All of the sites considered in this study are in very poor condition, but have the potential to yield information about the history of land use in the area, particularly gold mining.


20

5.4 Citations Each of the known sites and places within the two precincts have had a brief citation prepared, which describes the place, a site history (which should be read in conjunction with the contextual history and the assessment of significance, based on the thresholds set out in above in Section 5.2.

In cases where a place does not meet the threshold required for local significance a statement of significance has not been prepared.

The citations are included in Section 7.


21

6 RECOMMENDATIONS The following recommendations have been made on the basis of the research undertaken for this study.

6.1 General Recommendations

1. Develop a Mining Landscape Corridor

The City of Ballarat should investigate options for protecting sites within a ‘mining’ corridor that can be incorporated into the framework of the structure plan for the Bonshaw’s Creek Precinct. This would incorporate a number of former mines and it would offer a level of protection to these places that are an important reminder of the area’s gold mining history. A curtilage should be established around the boundary of the corridor to protect sites from any potential development impacts.

Sites that should be incorporated into this corridor are shown in Figure 6 and would include:

• Prince of Wales and Bonshaw Co. mine site

• Prince of Wales site complex including (Prince of Wales No. 1, the ‘New Prince of Wales’ shaft, Prince of Wales GM No. 3 Camp GM Co., Prince of Wales No. 3 shaft,

• Evening Star (Working Miners No. 2) and the Uniting Working Miners No. 2 Shaft

• This would also include the land to the west and south of the former St Joseph’s (Nazareth) Boys Home.

The suggested boundary of the mining corridor is bordered by an area that might contain remnants of former gold mining operations (see light green areas marked on the map in Figure 6). These areas require further investigation to determine they should be included in the proposed mining corridor management area or whether they can be included in the UGZ.

Other actions that should be undertaken to protect the cultural heritage values of the sites in this mining corridor include:

• Development of a conservation management plan (CMP) for each site to protect significant heritage values.

• A landscape development plan that is sensitive to the cultural heritage values of these sites should also be developed to guide any landscaping work needed to incorporate these sites into public open space.

• The City of Ballarat should develop interpretation about each of these sites as part of any incorporation into public open space.

2. Establish Mining Heritage Exclusion Zones

As a first option, the Council should consider removing the land on which the Prince Imperial and Albion Consuls mine sites are situated from the UGZ. Very little is known about the archaeological significance of these sites because they were unable to be recorded during this study.

If this is not possible, then as a second option, Council should establish exclusion zones (with curtilage of up to 30m from the edge) around the Prince Imperial, Albion Consuls and Winter’s Freehold mine sites (see Figures 7 & 8). This would enable the culturally significant parts of these sites to be protected and incorporated into public open space in the UGZ in this precinct.


22

The suggested boundary of these three mining sites is surrounded by areas that could contain remnants of the former gold mining operations (see light green areas marked on the map in Figure 7 & 8). These areas require further investigation to determine if they should be included in the site management boundary or whether they can be included in the UGZ.

Other actions that should be undertaken to protect the cultural heritage values of these three mine sites include:

• Development of conservation management plans (CMP) for each site to protect significant heritage values.

• A landscape development plan for each site that is sensitive to cultural heritage values. This plan should guide any landscaping work needed to incorporate these sites into public open space.

• The City of Ballarat should develop interpretation about each of these sites as part of their incorporation into public open space.

3. Investigate Archaeological Potential

The significance and extent of the former Wiltshire Arms Hotel and the stone footings sites is not clearly understood. A suggested boundary of these sites is marked on Figures 9 and 10.

Further fieldwork should be carried out to determine the extent of these two sites and to verify their archaeological significance. This might field survey to map features associated with these sites as well as sub-surface testing to investigate the archaeological potential of these sites.

Further field work could be undertaken by a heritage consultancy in partnership with the University of Ballarat or the archaeology departments of La Trobe University, Monash University or The University of Melbourne. This would provide an opportunity for students to gain valuable heritage conservation related field work experience and to better understand the extent and significance of these sites. This approach would offer the chance for partnership building between the City of Ballarat and the partnering university/ies.

4. Prepare a Statement of Significance for the Mining Corridor Cultural Landscape

The mining corridor cultural landscape should have a statement of significance prepared which outlines the key significant elements, the non-contributory elements and the important themes and HERCON criteria which it represents.

The development of the Statement of Significance will be an important part of considering the cultural landscape for inclusion under the Heritage Overlay. In addition, it will clearly articulate the important and contributory parts of the landscape which will guide the way in which public open space planning occurs and interpretation is developed.

6.2 Site Specific Recommendations See site specific recommendations in the citations.


23

Figure 6 – GIS Layer showing the proposed mining landscape corridor and the sites of Evening Star/Working Miners No. 2 (H7622-0133), Uniting Working Miners No. 2 Shaft (H7622-0213), Prince of Wales No. 1 (H7622-0136), Prince of Wales GM No. 3 Camp GM Co. (H7622-0216), Prince of Wales Shaft No. 3 (not yet listed), Prince of Wales and Bonshaw Co. (H7622-0217 and H7622-0137), all of which were assessed in this study.


24

Figure 6A – detail of proposed mining landscape corridor. North portion.


25

Figure 6B – detail of proposed mining landscape corridor. North - middle portion.


26

Figure 6C – detail of proposed mining landscape corridor. South -middle portion.


27

Figure 6D – detail of proposed mining landscape corridor. South portion.


28

Figure 7 – GIS Layer showing the sites of the Prince Imperial (H7622-0135) and Albion Consul (H7622-0135) mines and the area proposed for further investigation.


29

Figure 8 – GIS Layer showing the site of the Winter’s Freehold (H7622-0134) mine and the area proposed for further investigation.


30

Figure 9 – GIS Layer showing the site of the Wiltshire Arms Hotel (H7622-0419) and the area proposed for further investigation.


31

Figure 10 – GIS Layer showing the site of the Stone Footings (H7622-0448) and the area proposed for further investigation.


32

7 VHI PLACE CITATIONS


33

BONSHAW CREEK PRECINCT

Mining Corridor Cultural Landscape Draft Only

What is Significant?

The deep lead mining corridor landscape is located along the western fringes of the township of Sebastopol. It commences in the south at Bells Road and extends in an irregular pattern north to end at the intersection of Grant Street and Crown Street, Sebastopol. The corridor represents the rich deep lead mining history which shaped Sebastopol from its inception in the 1850s through the closure of Sebastopol’s last mine in 1919. The corridor is made up of a series of interlinked mine sites, which are primarily archaeological, with mullock heaps, disturbed ground, areas of ground depression, dams, channels and other features. It is considered that the corridor has the potential to yield further archaeological material . The Prince of Wales/Bonshaw Mine, located between the Colac Road and Albert Street Sebastopol has two substantial mullock heaps, a stone lined channel, the mine managers residence, trees and other features above ground. The mines vary in their integrity and condition, but the corridor itself can be considered to be in good condition overall with a fair degree of integrity. It includes the Princes of Wales and Bonshaw Co. Mine, the Prince of Wales mine site complex, the Evening Star and United Working Miners No. 2 Shaft site, the area to the west and south of St Joseph’s Boys Home and other areas of land with gold mining archaeological potential as defined on the map in Figure 6.

How is it Significant?

The Sebastopol mining corridor cultural landscape is of historic and archaeological significance to the community of Sebastopol and the City of Ballarat

Why is it Significant?

The Sebastopol mining corridor cultural landscape is of historical significance as a tangible representation of the historically important gold mining industry around which the township of Sebastopol grew. The mining history of the area is of particular interest for the involvement of Welsh and Cornish miners, who were brought out to work the deep lead gold mines and penetrate the basalt plains around the township in the 1860s. Their influence is expressed in the names of various mines, the streets and in some range of religious and private buildings within the township of Sebastopol. It is of further interest as a parallel to the central Ballarat mining story.

The Sebastopol mining corridor cultural landscape is of archaeological significance for its potential to yield further information about the way in which people lived, worked and in some cases died in and around the deep lead mines of Sebastopol in the nineteenth and early twentieth century.


34

Evening Star / Working Miners No. 2 Land DescriptionLand DescriptionLand DescriptionLand Description/Address:/Address:/Address:/Address: 182-198 Grant Street

Listing:Listing:Listing:Listing: H7622-0133

Land StatusLand StatusLand StatusLand Status Crown Land

Cadastral:Cadastral:Cadastral:Cadastral: Township of Sebastopol, Parish of Ballarat

MGA 94 CoMGA 94 CoMGA 94 CoMGA 94 Co----ordinates:ordinates:ordinates:ordinates: Easting Northing Description

749708 5834672 Ground disturbance

Site Description

The site of the Evening Star/Working Miners No. 2 (H7622-0133) is located adjacent to and immediately north-east of the United Working Miners No. 2 mine site (see map 1below). The site is not easily recognisable and has been incorporated into the surrounding landscape. A sealed shaft survives below ground (sealed in the mid-late 20

th Century). On the corner of

Grant and Morgan Street, significant brick and bluestone footings surround a depression in the earth, likely to be related to another mine.

Figure 11: Plan showing the location of the Evening Star / Working Miners No. 2 shaft in 1883.

Excerpt taken from the Victoria. Dept. of Crown Lands and Survey. Sebastopol, Parish of Ballaarat, County of Grenville, 1873. MAP RM 2740/43. Part 1.

Site History

The Evening Star and Working Miners Company mine was situated on Frenchmen’s Lead in the Ballarat Southern Mining Division. It was an alluvial mine and had a total output of 57,0000oz of gold (Sebastopol Historical Society 2010).

According to Supple (1999:11) the Evening Star Co. originally held claims 99 to 114 and was taken over by the United Working Miners Company. Jenkins and Jenkins (1980) describe an incident in which a fire broke out in the engine and boiler houses of the Evening Star mine and they were burnt down in 1866. The also describe the depth of the Working Miners Company shaft to the gutter at 390 feet with a workforce of 220 men. The No. 2 shaft was used as an air shaft and was 475 feet deep.


35

Figure 12: Working Miners No. 2 (formerly the Evening Star) mine (circled area added).

Underground Survey of Mines, Ballarat. Surveyed by Robert Allan, under the direction of C. W. Langtree, Secretary for Mines, and Chief Mining Surveyor for the Colony of Victoria, March 1887.

Key site features:

• Part of the area where the former Evening Star / Working Miners No. 2 mine is situated was used during the 20

th century as gravel reserve, night soil and sanitary depot (see Figure

13 below). There may be some interesting deposits in this area relating to the later use. Some of this area is now also the site of an equestrian centre and public park.

• Areas of ground disturbance relating to the sites gold mining history and post gold mining land use activities.

• Capped shafts x 2

Figure 13: Plan showing use of the Evening Star / Working Miners and United Working Miners No. 2 site in 1940.

Excerpt taken from a plan of the Borough of Sebastopol, Parishes of Ballaarat and Cardigan, County of Grenville 1940 (sheet 2).

Condition / Integrity

There are no obvious elements relating to the former Evening Star / Working Miners No. 2) mine in the area inspected. It is likely that there may be some underground components left at this site. The site has been assessed as being in a deteriorated/disturbed condition with a low degree of integrity.


36

Significance:

The site is considered to have historical and archaeological interest to the people of Sebastopol and the City of Ballarat as an example of a nineteenth century (and early twentieth century) gold mine operating on the edge of the township of Sebastopol. The removal of the mullock heap in the twentieth century is of some limited historical interest as it demonstrates the continuing tradition of recycling mine waste for construction of new buildings and structures. Of further archaeological interest is the later use as a dump for night soil and sanitary waste, which often has the potential to yield important information about the way in which people lived at specific times.

Overall, the Evening Star/Working Miners No. 2 site does not have sufficient above ground fabric or confirmed below ground fabric to meet the threshold of local significance in its own right. It does however have a degree of local significance due to the historical importance of the Evening Star / Working Miners No. 2 mine in the history of the area. It is considered to be a contributory element of Sebastopol Mining Corridor cultural landscape, as it makes a contribution to this as the heritage place.

Sources:

Bannear, D. 1999. Victorian Goldfields Project: Historic Gold Mining Sites in the Ballarat City Goldfield: Preliminary Report on Cultural Heritage. Department of Natural Resources and Environment, Melbourne.

Finlay, I.S., Plier-Malone, E.N.M., Cochrane, R.M., Buchnall, M., Douglas, P.M. and Caluzzi, J., 1992, Ballarat Deep Leads and Mines, Geological Survey of Victoria. Department of Energy and Minerals, Victoria

Jenkins, J. D. & Jenkins, A.J. 1980, The Golden Chain. A History of Sebastopol (Victoria, Australia) with special reference to gold and mining. Sebastopol Historical Society, Sebastopol.

Plan of Ballarat, Sebastopol and Buninyong gold field showing mining areas to be drained by a proposed Adit along the valley of the Yarrowee River 1870-79.

Underground Survey of Mines, Ballarat. Surveyed by Robert Allan, under the direction of C. W. Langtree, Secretary for Mines, and Chief Mining Surveyor for the Colony of Victoria, March 1887.

Management Recommendations

See detailed recommendations in Section 7.

• The site to be include in mining landscape corridor (see Figure 6 of the proposed corridor plan).

• Continue to maintain this area as public space.

• Record and map the site and any findings

• Develop a CMP (that incorporates United Working Miners No. 2 shaft)

• Develop a landscape plan for the site that is sensitive to the management of the cultural heritage values.

• Develop interpretation for the site.


37

United Working Miners No. 2 Shaft Land DescriptionLand DescriptionLand DescriptionLand Description/Address:/Address:/Address:/Address: 182-198 Grant Street

South east side of Crown Street, 500 m from the intersection of Tait and Crown Streets, Sebastopol

Listing:Listing:Listing:Listing: H7622-0213

Land StatusLand StatusLand StatusLand Status Crown Land

Cadastral:Cadastral:Cadastral:Cadastral: Township of Sebastopol, Parish of Ballarat


749588 5834654 Mullock heap

749279 5834413 Small dam

749560 5834524 Mid-point on channel

Site Description

The site of the United Working Miners No. 2 Shaft is located adjacent to and immediately south-west of the Evening Star/Working Miners No. 2 site (see map 1below). The site of this former mine is recognisable by a prominent mullock heap measuring 70m x 40m x 6 m high next to Crown Street (Finlay et al 1992). The site is heavily disturbed, with most above ground structures of the mine having been removed. It is likely that the underground components of this mine remain, though the shaft was sealed during the mid to late 20

th Century.

Figure 14: Location of the Uniting Working Miners No. 2 mine labelled as United Albion and Prince of Wales (in circled area).

Map excerpt taken from: Plan of Ballarat, Sebastopol and Buninyong gold field showing mining areas to be drained by a proposed Adit along the valley of the Yarrowee River 1870-79.

Circled area added.


38

Figure 15: An 1861 photo of the United Working Miners Claim, Sebastopol ( SLV, H26079, mp000533).

Site History

The United Working Miners Company mine was situated on Frenchmen’s Lead in the Ballarat Southern Mining Division. The mine opened in 1856. John F. Spillman is listed as a manager at the site.

The following list (taken from Supple 1999) records some of the machinery and structures used at the No. 2 mine shaft:

1867 22.25 inch x 48 inch steam engine for pumping;

2 boilers: 25 feet by 6 feet 6 inches;

12.5 inch pumps;

Poppet heads 72 feet high, brace at 35 feet

No. 2 shaft down 260 feet

22.5 inch cylinder steam engine for pumping and puddling,

450 feet of 12.5 inch pumps,

20.25 inch cylinder steam engine for winding,

2 boilers,

Poppet heads

1868 2 puddling machines with all necessary gearing and framework

Erecting 2 more

1862-1873

Recorded production of 2039.514 kg

Key site features:

• This site comprises the mullock heap. There are no built structures remaining at this site or any visible signs of machinery or building foundations.

• There has been some removal of material from the mullock heap (eastern side) however it still retains its basic size and shape.


39

• During the 20th century, the site of the United Working Miners No. 2 shaft was used as a

gravel reserve and the eastern side of the allotment, was used as a night soil depot (see excerpt fro the 1940 Parish plan in Figure 13 above).

• Area of ground disturbance at this site relates to its gold mining history and post gold mining (gravel reserve and night soil depot) activities.


The Uniting Working Miners No. 2 Shaft site is in disturbed condition with the mullock heap the only visible reminder of this former gold mine.

There may be some underground components left at this site and the mullock heap remains. It is considered to have a fair degree of integrity, comparable to other former mining sites.

Significance

The site is considered to have historical and archaeological interest to the people of Sebastopol and the City of Ballarat as an example of a nineteenth century gold mine operating on the edge of the township of Sebastopol. The mullock heap which survives in disturbed condition is a significant element of the site, and provides tangible evidence of the deep lead mining practices which occurred on this site, and others nearby in the period 1855-1920 in Sebastopol. Of further archaeological interest is the later use as a dump for night soil and sanitary waste, which often has the potential to yield important information about the way in which people lived at specific times.

Overall, the Uniting Working Miners No. 2 site does not have sufficient above ground fabric or confirmed below ground fabric to meet the threshold of local significance in its own right. It does however make an important contribution and is considered to be a contributory element of Sebastopol Mining Corridor cultural landscape.

Sources:


Supple. R. 1999. Victorian Goldfield Project Historic Gold Mining Sites in the Southern Mining Divisions of the Ballarat Mining District.


Underground Survey of Mines, Ballarat. Surveyed by Robert Allan, under the direction of C. W. Langtree, Secretary for Mines, and Chief Mining Surveyor for the Colony of Victoria, March 1887 (Ballarat Gold Museum map collection).





• Develop a CMP (that incorporates Evening Star / Working Miners No. 2)



40



41

Winters Freehold No. 2 Land Description/AddressLand Description/AddressLand Description/AddressLand Description/Address: Lot 32A Tait Street, Delacombe

ListingListingListingListing: H7622-0134

Land StatusLand StatusLand StatusLand Status Freehold

Cadastral:Cadastral:Cadastral:Cadastral: Cardigan



Figure 16: 1870-79 map showing the location of Winters Freehold No. 2.

Map excerpt taken from: Plan of Ballarat, Sebastopol and Buninyong gold field showing mining areas to be drained by a proposed Adit along the valley of the Yarrowee River 1870-79.

Circled area added.


42

Figure 17: Area of land around the site of Winters Freehold No. 2 in 1859.

Excerpt taken from: Mining district of Ballaarat compiled from the maps in the Surveyor Generals Office and the mining surveyors plans at the Office of the Board of Science, R. Brough Smyth, Secretary, 25 June 1859. (MAP RM 1000)

Site Description

The site of the Winter’s Freehold No. 2 shaft (H7622-0134) comprises a large mullock heap.

The site could not be accessed during fieldwork for this study; however, the site was viewed from the adjacent public road reserve on Tait Street. The site is represented by a single large mullock heap (north-south orientation) that appears to be collapsing at the northern end. According to Bannear (1999), when the site was recorded in 1999, there were no visible machinery foundations.

Site History

In the 1830s, the land on which Winter’s Freehold mine was to be established was taken up by squatter Henry Anderson. This land was later taken over by Jock Winter and the area became known as Winters Flat’ (Jenkins 2002: 8).

The Winters Freehold mine commenced operation in 1866 and was famous for its deep shaft which went down to 140m (this is probably the No. 1 mine shaft). The mine was operated as an alluvial and drift mine (Findlay and Douglas 1992:15) and in 1869, the No. 2 shaft, located at the southern end of the mine property, ‘bottomed out’ and was opened up for prospecting (Baragwanath 1923: 24).

A brief history of this mine has been recorded by J.D. and A.J. Jenkins (1980):

• Winters Freehold Mining co floated and then purchased land for 25,000 sovereigns and a £25,000 cheque from Jock Winter who originally squatted on the land.

• 1876 Winters freehold only mine working in Sebastopol.

• 1877 Winters Freehold Co taken over by Bank of Victoria.

• 1880 Winters Freehold Co closes down, last of the alluvial mines.

Key site features:

Mullock heap.


43


Winters Freehold No. 2 shaft site is in deteriorated condition with the mullock heap collapsing on the northern side. While no other structures remain above ground, an initial assessment considers it to have a fair degree of integrity. There may be some underground components left at this site.

Significance

The site is considered to have historical and archaeological interest to the people of Sebastopol and the City of Ballarat as an example of a nineteenth century gold mine operating on the edge of the township of Sebastopol. The mullock heap which survives in deteriorated condition is a significant element of the site, and provides tangible evidence of the goldmining practices which occurred on this site, and others nearby in the period 1855-1920 in Sebastopol. The significant size of the mullock heap is an indication of the depth of the shafts, one which is believed to be over 140m deep.

Overall, the Winters Freehold No. 2 shaft site does not have sufficient above ground fabric or confirmed below ground fabric to meet the threshold of local significance in its own right. It does however have an important place in the history of gold in the Ballarat West area, and makes an important contribution and is considered to be a contributory element of Sebastopol Mining Corridor cultural landscape. The mullock heap is an important above ground feature, there may be significant deposits relating to the mine itself and other artefacts below ground.

Sources


Jenkins, J. D. & Jenkins, A.J. 1980, The Golden Chain. A History of Sebastopol (Victoria, Australia) with special reference to gold and mining. Sebastopol Historical Society, Sebastopol.

Mining district of Ballaarat compiled from the maps in the Surveyor Generals Office and the mining surveyors plans at the Office of the Board of Science, R. Brough Smyth, Secretary, 25 June 1859. (MAP RM 1000)



• The site of Winters Freehold No. 2 should be protected (see Figure 8) with curtilage of up to 30m from the edge exclusion zone.

• The area of unknown cultural significance should be investigated (area shaded in light green in Figure 8) to determine the boundary of the site.

Other actions include:





44

Prince Imperial Land Description/AddressLand Description/AddressLand Description/AddressLand Description/Address: 39 Miles Street, Sebastopol



CadastralCadastralCadastralCadastral Cardigan



748842 5833740 Red brick ruin

Figure 18: Location of the Prince Imperial Mine. See also the plan showing the Albion Consol mine below.

Map excerpt taken from: Allan, Robert. Plan of the Ballarat and Sebastopol gold mines showing the various claims and leases. 1870-79 MAP RM 3446.

Site Description

The site of the Prince Imperial mine is marked by a large mullock heap. The site is situated on the same parcel of land as the Albion Consols mine. Neither mine site could be accessed for this study.

The Prince Imperial mine is located just south of Cobblers Lane in Sebastopol. It is 300 m east of the Smythesdale - Sebastopol Road. According to Supple (1999) it is marked by a prominent mullock heap measuring 65 m x 30 m x 4m high, with higher points at each end, but no sign of the shaft. A dam of similar area to the mullock heap is on the east side of the heap (1999: 310). A red brick ruin is also located on the site, and is likely to be related to the mine, as other ruins of this type have been recorded locally, associated with mining machinery.

Site History

Historic plans of the Ballarat goldfield show the location of these mines.

The Prince Imperial Mine was located on the Golden Point Lead was an alluvial mine and its recorded production for 1870 is 24 ozs 10 dwt (or 0.762 kg) in 1870. The mine was located in the mining ‘township’ of Cobblers (no longer survives).


45

Key site features:

Prince Imperial Co. No. 1:

• Mullock heap

• Dam (may not be related to the mine).

• Red brick ruin (may not be related to the mine)

Significance

The site is considered to have historical and archaeological interest to the people of Sebastopol and the City of Ballarat as an example of a nineteenth century gold mine operating on the edge of the township of Sebastopol. The dam, ruin and mullock heap which survive in a deteriorated condition are all considered to be significant element of the site, and provides tangible evidence of the goldmining practices which occurred on this site, and others nearby in the period 1855-1920 in Sebastopol. The presence of the dam, which is likely to have been a puddling dam or used for sluicing and the red brick ruins (possibly associated with mine infrastructure) are important for the insight into the size, layout and complexity of the Prince Imperial Mine site. While the various elements of the site are in a deteriorated and damaged condition, they retain a good degree of integrity

Overall, the Prince Imperial Mine may have sufficient above ground fabric and historical information to meet the threshold of local significance (and the Heritage Overlay) in its own right. This assumption would need to be tested by the application of a full heritage assessment. Regardless of whether the site itself warrants the application of the Heritage Overlay, it does make an important contribution and is considered to be a contributory element of Sebastopol Mining Corridor cultural landscape. The mullock heap and brick ruin are an important above ground features, as is the dam. There may be significant deposits relating to the mine itself and other artefacts below ground.

Sources:



Allan, Robert. Plan of the Ballarat and Sebastopol gold mines showing the various claims and leases. 1870-79 (NLA MAP RM 3446).

Victoria. Mines Dept. Ballarat Gold Field 1874. (NLA MAP RM 1738)


• The site of the Prince Imperial mine should be protected (see Figure 7) with curtilage of up to 30m from the edge exclusion zone.

• If the site is to be included in the UGZ, an area of unknown cultural significance should be investigated (area shaded in light green in Figure 7) to determine the boundary of the site.

• The red brick ruins to the east of the mullock heap should be further researched and inspected to determine if it is part of the Prince Imperial mine or if it has any other significance relating to the history of the area. If this site is found to be part of the former Prince Imperial mine, then separate recommendations for its management as part of the UGZ should be developed.



46





47

Albion Consuls Land Description/AddressLand Description/AddressLand Description/AddressLand Description/Address: 39 Miles Street, Sebastopol



CadastralCadastralCadastralCadastral Cardigan



Figure 19: Location of the Albion Consol mines. See also the plan showing the Prince Imperial mine above.

Map excerpt taken from: Victoria. Mines Dept. Ballarat Gold Field 1874. (SLV MAP RM 1738)

Site Description

The site of the Albion Consul mine is marked by a single mullock heap. The site is situated on the same parcel of land as the Prince Imperial mine and both mines share the same VHI

The Albion Consols mine is located directly south of the Prince Imperial mine and is just north of the Three Chain Road (Bells Road) 550 m south east of the intersection of Cobblers Lane and the Smythesdale - Sebastopol Road. When Supple recorded this site, he described it as a flattened, spreading mullock heap 50 m x 30 m x 5 m high (1999:310).

Site History

Historic plans of the Ballarat goldfield show the location of these two mines.

The Albion Consol mine was part of a large company of mines that was very successful. Miners who worked in this mine described the largest tree they have seen lying on bedrock as well as native fruit and petrified fish (Jenkins 1964).

The Albion Consols Company recorded production of 257 ozs 8 dwt (or 8.006 kg) between 1870 to 1871 (Supple 1999).

Key site features

Albion Consols Co.


48

• Mullock heap

Significance

The site is considered to have historical and archaeological interest to the people of Sebastopol and the City of Ballarat as an example of a nineteenth century gold mine operating on the edge of the township of Sebastopol. The mullock heap which survives in deteriorated condition is a significant element of the site, and provides tangible evidence of the goldmining practices which occurred on this site, and others nearby in the period 1855-1920 in Sebastopol. The small spreading form and size of the mullock heap probably reflects the depth of the associated shaft, or that part has been removed over time.

Overall, the Albion consols shaft site does not have sufficient above ground fabric or confirmed below ground fabric to meet the threshold of local significance in its own right. It does however have an important place in the history of gold in the Ballarat West area, and makes an important contribution and is considered to be a contributory element of Sebastopol Mining Corridor cultural landscape. The mullock heap is an important above ground feature, there may be significant deposits relating to the mine itself and other artefacts below ground.

Sources:



Allan, Robert. Plan of the Ballarat and Sebastopol gold mines showing the various claims and leases. 1870-79 MAP RM 3446.

Victoria. Mines Dept. Ballarat Gold Field 1874. (NLA MAP RM 1738)


• The site of the Albion Consols mine should be protected (see Figure 7) with curtilage of up to 30m from the edge exclusion zone.

• If the site is to be included in the UGZ, an area of unknown cultural significance should be investigated (area shaded in light green in Figure 7) to determine the boundary of the site.






49

Prince of Wales Gold Mines

Prince of Wales Shaft No. 1

Land Description/AddressLand Description/AddressLand Description/AddressLand Description/Address: 15-39 Prince Street, Sebastopol


Land StatusLand StatusLand StatusLand Status Freehold and extending into Crown land.

CadastralCadastralCadastralCadastral Parish of Ballarat



750159 5833485 Ground disturbance


Land Description/AddressLand Description/AddressLand Description/AddressLand Description/Address: Miles Street, Sebastopol


Land StatusLand StatusLand StatusLand Status Crown (DSE)




749917 5833576 Camp area

749985 5833556 Dam (near former camp)


Land Description/AddressLand Description/AddressLand Description/AddressLand Description/Address: Cnr Grant and Miles Street, Sebastopol

ListingListingListingListing: Not individually listed (partially within HO)


Cadastral Cadastral Cadastral Cadastral Parish of Ballarat

MGA 94 CoMGA 94 CoMGA 94 CoMGA 94 Co----ordinates:ordinates:ordinates:ordinates: Easting Northing Site Feature

749784 5833758 Disturbance area

749699 5834020 Dam (behind St Joseph’s)

Site Description

Prince of Wales Shaft No. 1 (H7622-0136)

The Prince of Wales No. 1 shaft appears to be situated across 2 parcels of land fronting both Prince Street (15-39 Prince Street) and Miles Street in Sebastopol. The remnants of the mine on the land at 15-39 Prince Street are minimal with some raised ground and depressions into the ground surface indicating former mining activity. The main focus of this mine site is likely to be on the adjacent land fronting Miles Street (Property no. Crown Allotment 7A/72) which is the land where the Prince of Wales GM No. 3 Camp GM Co (H7622-0216) is situated.


50

An 1887 underground survey plan of the Ballarat mines (by Robert Alan) puts the location of this mine shaft at approximately 200m directly south of the intersection of Grant Street and Miles Street (see Figure 23). An earlier plan of the site dating to 1870 shows the location of the Prince of Wales No. 1 shaft in the same location (see Figure 22).

Prince of Wales GM No. 3 Camp GM Co (H7622-0216)

The Prince of Wales GM No. 3 Camp GM Co is situated within Crown Allotment 7A/72 which fronts Miles Street and is south of the intersection Grant Street . The remnants of this mine are very disturbed with no built features observed during a recent survey. There are a number of landscape features such as a mullock heap at the north-western end of the property and mullock heap on the northern end of the property.


The site was viewed from the public road reserve in Miles Street. It is on private land (TP265013/7/35) that has been developed at the northern end for the St Joseph’s boys home (Nazareth House) and urban allotments. Only the southern end of the site remains, but appears to be highly disturbed with only the southernmost end of the property having much potential for further investigation.

Figure 20: Prince of Wales Gold Mining Co, 1861. (SLV, H26077, mp000531).

Figure 21: View of the claim of the Prince of Wales GM Co.1966 (SLV, H2972, mp000474).

Site History

The Prince of Wales Company was registered in October 1859 but did not start winning gold until 1862. It was established on Cobblers lead and operated first as an alluvial mine and then


51

as a quartz reef mine and was the first to crush quartz in the Sebastopol area (Supple 1999: 9; Findlay and Douglas 1992: 23). Both Alexander Dempster and F. W.Tatham are recorded as the managers of this mine (Jenkins 1964).

The Company operated across two locations. An 1874 plan of the Ballarat goldfield shows the Prince of Wales No. 1 shaft to the south of Miles Street and directly opposite the intersection with Grant Street and the Prince of Wales No. 3 shaft on the north of Miles Street. These mines produced large deposits of mullock and gravel which were brought up from the Cobblers lead to be processed on these sites.

According to Supple (1999: 10), the Prince of Wales was the largest of the mines at the southern end of the Ballarat Goldfield, and together with the United Miners Co. and the Bonshaw Freehold Co., it dominated this section of the goldfield. Between 1865 and 1875 the mine extracted 1374kg of gold from the quartz crushing operation along.

In 1862 it had 64 shareholders (valued at £1,500 each) and a total value of £96,000 and in 1867 (Baragwanath 1923: 22). It was one of the ten most productive mines on the Ballarat Goldfield, its total recorded production from January 1865 to December 1875 is 208,971 ozs 3 dwt 16 gr (or 6502.992 kg).{31}

After the mid-1870s, prospecting for reef gold became increasingly difficult and it became costly to continue operating. Flooding of shafts from underground water hindered the workings and, in 1895, the Prince of Wales Company finally closed down its gold mining operation (Baragwanath 1923:24, 26).

Figure 22: Excerpt of a larger plan showing thee location of the Prince of the Wales No. 1 and No. 3 mine shafts in 1870s.



52

Figure 23: Excerpt of a larger plan showing the location of the Prince of Wales No. 1 shaft, Prince of Wales No. 2 shaft and Prince of Wales No. 3 shaft.

Underground Survey of Mines, Ballarat. Surveyed by Robert Allan, under the direction of C. W. Langtree, Secretary for Mines, and Chief Mining Surveyor for the Colony of Victoria, March 1887

Figure 24: Excerpt of a larger plan showing the Prince of Wales mines.

This plan also shows the site of a ‘new Prince of Wales’ mine shaft to the south of the No. 1 mine shaft.

Plan of Ballarat and Sebastopol. F. W. Niven and Co. 1879 MAP 1048.

Supple (1999:11-12) recorded details about the mine operations and machinery that was in use at the Prince of Wales Mines in 1865:

• Prince of Wales No. 1 minePrince of Wales No. 1 minePrince of Wales No. 1 minePrince of Wales No. 1 mine (H7622-0136) – this mine was claimed in 1857. Its shaft had two compartments and was 7 feet by 4 feet. The company initially used a 15 inch by 36 inch vertical steam pumping engine with overhead crank to drive its 9 inch lift pumps. A large cradle and two 14 foot diameter belt driven wooden puddling machines were used to extract gold from the wash (Supple 1999:9). Other machinery used at this site includes:

• 22.5 inch by 60 inch horizontal steam winding engine, first motion, with 6 inch flat Manilla rope, for raising double-decked cages running 1500 trucks per day.

• 24 inch x 48 inch horizontal steam pumping engine with 14 inch plunger and draw lift.

• 3 puddling machines, a sludge machine, and a 16 head battery with square stampers.

– 3 Cornish flue boilers: two at 35 feet x 7 feet, and one at 26 feet x 6 feet 6 inches


53

• 10 (2 x 5) head battery with 6 hundredweight rotary stampers; gear driven from main shaft by clutches; steel faced discs and wipers; screw tappets; circular fronted mortar boxes; hand feeding by boys

• Two silver ripples

• 24 feet of blanket tables with 4 bands for amalgamating the gold

• 2 shaking tables for separating the dirt from the silver after barrelling

• 25 inch by 48 inch horizontal steam battery engine

• 3 Cornish flue boilers, 26 feet by 6 feet 6 inches

• 2 11.5 inch plunger pumps for lifting battery sand into sluice for transport to the sand dam

• 2 11.5 inch plunger pumps for raising water from the sand dam back to the battery

• Smelting house containing three furnaces, one for smelting gold and two for retorting silver.

• Prince of Wales GM No. 3 Camp GM CoPrince of Wales GM No. 3 Camp GM CoPrince of Wales GM No. 3 Camp GM CoPrince of Wales GM No. 3 Camp GM Co (H7622-0216) - the Prince of Wales GM No. 2 shaft was claimed in 1866 and the Camp Gold Mine was claimed in 1860. Machinery used at this site includes:

- 25 inch x 48 inch horizontal steam engine for pumping and driving 2 iron puddling machines.

- 18 inch x 42 inch steam winding engine

- 3 Cornish flue boilers, 26 feet by 6 feet 6 inches.

• Prince of Wales Shaft No. 3 (not listed on the VHI) - the Prince of Wales Shaft No. 3 was claimed in 1866 and closed in 1875. Machinery used at this site includes:

– 3 compartment shaft 10 feet 6 inches by 3 feet 8 inches (2 compartments for winding, one for pumps and cage); down 410 feet 6 inches in 55 weeks of sinking

– 20.25 inch x 48 inch horizontal steam engine with 8 inch plunger and draw lift

– 4 iron puddling machines, 2 sludge machines, amalgamating barrel.

– a centrifugal pump for lifting surface water to storage tanks 35 feet high for the puddling machines.

– 10 inch drawing lift for raising waste water into the main dam.

– 12 horsepower steam capstan engine for sending timber down the shaft and for raising and lowering pitmen.

– 14.5 inch x 36 inch double cylinder steam winding engine with 4 slide valves worked by link motion.

– 4.5 inch x 0.75 inch flat wire rope; double-decked cages (35 hundredweight total) with over-winding safety bell

– 2 Cornish flue boilers, 26 feet x 6 feet 6 inches; with 7/8 inch plate in case and tube, and with angle iron stiffeners in the tube; 0.5 inch plate in the ends

– 4 cast iron puddling machines set out in a square, 16 feet 6 inch in diameter, 2 feet 6 inches deep; worked by Hunt and Opie's patent chain and pulleys.

Key site features remaining at these sites:

An 1887 plan of an underground survey of the Ballarat mines (prepared by Robert Alan for the Chief Mining Surveyor), marks the location of the Prince of Wales No. 1 shaft, the Prince of


54

Wales No. 2 shaft and the Prince of Wales No. 3 shaft located to the north of Miles Street. Both the Prince of Wales No. 1 shaft and Prince of Wales No. 2 shaft locations appear to be well within the parcel of land investigated for this study, with the operations for the No. 1 mine extending onto the adjacent land which was surveyed from Prince Street (15-39 Prince Street). The Prince of Wales Camp GM Co does not appear on this plan or any other plan of the Ballarat gold field that was sourced for this study.

During the mid to late 20th century, the land on which the Prince of Wales No 1 and Prince of

Prince of Wales GM No. 3 Camp GM Co are situated was reserved for use as a rubbish depot. A 1940s plan of the site shows that the area is not in use, however, by 1967, the rubbish depot reserve is marked on a parish plan and some of the land had been subdivided into acreage allotments.

Prince of Wales No. 1 mine (H7622-0136):

• Remains of a mullock heap that has been heavily disturbed by quarrying (some mullock remains with a vehicle track now running over the top of part of the former heap. Ecology Partners recorded the mullock from this heap as GM No. 2 Camp). This study considers this feature to be the remains of the Prince of Wales No. 1 mine. The mullock may also extend into the adjacent Prince Street property (15-39 Prince Street).

• Highly disturbed sand dumps are located across the site and possibly into the adjacent Prince street property (15-39 Prince Street).

• Remains of gravel dumps.

• The site extends over two properties (fronting Prince Street and Miles Street). The main focus of this mine is on the Department of Sustainability and Environment managed land adjacent to he Prince Street property.

Prince of Wales GM No. 3 Camp GM Co (H7622-0216)

• very disturbed site comprising 1 relatively intact prominent mullock heap on the north west corner of the property. This mullock heap is in an area of the property where the mine shaft opening should be located.

• Highly dispersed and disturbed sand heaps

• this site is directly adjacent to and west of the Prince of Wales No. 1 mine site. There is very little definition between the distributed remains of the sand heaps from these two sites.

• Ecology Partners (2010) recorded a second mullock heap near this site which they describe as being 150 metres east of the area of disturbance. They recorded this heap as being 30m in diameter and 2.5 metres high and suggest that it corresponds with the site of the Camp Co. This feature was not recorded during the present study.

• Prince of Wales Shaft No. 3 (not listed)

• Site was not inspected during this study. The site appears to be heavily disturbed with development of the St Joseph’s (Nazareth) Boys Nome and housing along the Grant Street. The only visible reminder of this mine site is what may be the remains of mullock heaps on private land on the north west corner of Grant and Miles Streets.


This site has been heavily disturbed and there are no built remains or features such as machinery or building footings remaining at the site of either Prince of Wales No. 1 or Prince of Wales GM No. 3 Camp (or in the area of the No. 2 Shaft). The mullock heaps relating to both of these sites have been heavily disturbed by quarrying. The cultural signature of this site is one of heavily disturbance on the former gold mining landscape.


55

Figure 25: Plan showing use of the Prince of Wales mine site as a rubbish depot in 1940.

Excerpt taken from a plan of the Township of Sebastopol, Parish of Ballarat, County of Grenville 1961.

Significance

The site is considered to have historical and archaeological interest to the people of Sebastopol and the City of Ballarat as an example of a nineteenth century gold mine operating on the edge of the township of Sebastopol. The mullock heap which survives in deteriorated condition is a significant element of the site, and provides tangible evidence of the goldmining practices which occurred on this site, and others nearby in the period 1855-1920 in Sebastopol. The significant size of the mullock heap is an indication of the depth of the shafts, one which is believed to be over 140m deep.

Overall, the Prince of Wales site does not have sufficient above ground fabric or confirmed below ground fabric to meet the threshold of local significance in its own right. It does however have an important place in the history of gold in the Ballarat West area, and makes an important contribution and is considered to be a contributory element of Sebastopol Mining Corridor cultural landscape. The mullock heaps is an important above ground feature, there may be significant deposits relating to the mine itself and other artefacts below ground.

Sources:


Baragwanath, W. 1923. The Ballarat Goldfield', Geological Survey of Victoria Memoir No. 14, Department of Mines, Victoria.

Ecology Partners, 2010. Ballarat West Growth Area, Precinct 1, Bonshaw and Sebastopol, Victoria: Aboriginal and Historical Heritage Assessment. Report for the City of Ballarat.



Victoria. Mines Dept. Ballarat Gold Field 1874. (NLA MAP RM 1738).



56





• Develop a CMP (that incorporates all Prince of Wales Mine sites)




57

Prince of Wales and Bonshaw Co. Land Description/AddressLand Description/AddressLand Description/AddressLand Description/Address: 362 Albert Street, Sebastopol

ListingListingListingListing: H7622-0217 (Bonshaw Co.)

H7622-0137 (Prince of Wales)



MGA 94 CoMGA 94 CoMGA 94 CoMGA 94 Co----ordinates: ordinates: ordinates: ordinates: EastingEastingEastingEasting NorthingNorthingNorthingNorthing Site Site Site Site FeatureFeatureFeatureFeature


749930 583288 Rubble/footings

749975 5832810 Disturbed area

750001 5832906 Rubble / mullock

750027 5832894 Mullock near drainage

749995 5832712 Channel and bridge

749919 5832808 Rubble/footings

749993 5832949 Mine shaft entrance

749979 5832980 Brick and stone rubble

749932 5832988 House (mine manager’s residence

750049 5833031 Dam

Site Description

The site of the Prince of Wales (H7622-0137) and Bonshaw Co. mine (H7622-0217) is located at the southernmost end of City of Ballarat.

This Prince of Wales site (H7622-0137) has been described in previous studies (Supple, 1999), Bannear, 1999 and Ecology Partners, 2010) as a mullock heap obscured by trees. This site relates to the same location as the Bonshaw Co. mine (H7622-0217) and is therefore described as being a component of the one site.

This site comprises a number of archaeological features relating to its gold mining history. While this site is in relatively poor condition, it still retains a number of features that are now not visible at other mine sites in Ballarat West.

The most prominent features are 2 mullock heaps (50m x 25 m running east from just south of the shaft, and another 25 m x 25 m running south from the same point), the mine shaft opening, a house, scatters of stone, brick, ceramic and glass rubble and a large dam (measuring 70 m x 50 m) located 50m north of the mine shaft opening.

The mullock heaps have been heavily disturbed with the removal of a large area of mullock from the centre of the heap. Despite this, they are still quite large in height and area compared to others in Ballarat West and is a prominent landscape feature at this site. The opening of the mine shaft is still visible at this site and has been filled with rubbish. The rubbish appears to be a mixture of recent and older refuse and includes chunks of broken concrete which may have been part of the pump bob pit.


58

In the area in front of the shaft, blocks of blue stone and red brick are visible on the ground surface. Some appear to be in situ foundations, however, most are scattered and may relate to the demolition of an earlier building at the site.

A house (currently occupied) is located directly west, and within 50-70m of the mine shaft opening. The current occupant of the house informed us that the house probably relates to the mining operation and may have been used the mine administration (in an early photo of the site, a house similar to the one described above is visible, suggesting that that our informant may be correct).

Much of the ceramic and glass relate to the late 20th century, however, much of the bluestone

and brick are likely to relate to the time of the mines operation.

During the survey a number of newly identified features were recorded at this site including 2 sets of building foundations - both to the south of the mullock heaps – and as small bluestone lined channel with a simple wooden bridge. The channel is near the end of a Cyprus pine row at the southern end of the property.

Figure 26: View of the claim of the Bonshaw Gold Mining Co. c. 1866 (SLV H1758, mp003248). This image may relate to the operation that existed to the south of the Three Chain Road.

Figure 27: The Prince of Wales and Bonshaw Mine. This image is taken from Views of Ballarat West, 1 August 1893. (SLV), Accession No: IAN01/08/93/13, Image No: mp006328.

Site History

The Bonshaw Freehold Company began in 1858 as a co-operative of 46 shareholders who leased 180 acres from Jock Winter for 5 years (Supple 1999: 445). The mine was established on Main lead (Findlay and Douglas 1992:17) and was opened to the east of the Colac Ballarat Road in 1858. A camp was established to the south of the Three Chain Road (Portland Road) and the Mine manager was W. M Acheson (Jenkins 1980). According to the Sebastopol Historical Society (2010:1), there were two phases of operation at this mine: First, alluvial deep lead mining then working quartz loads (until 1903).


59

In 1862, the Bonshaw Company purchased the land (Jock Winter’s Pre-emptive Right) for £20,000. A second shaft was opened in 1865 half a mile north west of the first near the old Portland Bay Road (Jenkins 1980: 106-107).

Figure 28: Location of Winter’s Pre-emptive Right, later to become the site of the Prince of Wales and Bonshaw Mine.

Map excerpt taken from Mining district of Ballaarat compiled from the maps in the Surveyor Generals Office and the mining surveyors plans at the Office of the Board of Science, R. Brough Smyth, Secretary, 25 June 1859 - Winter's PR. (NLA MAP RM 1000)

Figure 29: Excerpt of a plan showing the Bonshaw PR in 1870-79. Land purchased from Jock Winter in 1862. The triangular block of land north of the Three Chain Road (Lot 2 LP145877) is where the No. 2 mine shaft was established.

Allan, Robert. Plan of the Ballarat and Sebastopol gold mines showing the various claims and leases. (NLA 1870-79 MAP RM 3446)

By the mid 1860's: the Bonshaw Freehold (along with the Buninyong Freehold, and the Leviathan) was a huge company and was financed by speculators and capitalists mostly from Ballarat. Between 1864 and 1874, the company extracted 30.000oz of gold worth £120,000. The major mines in this area employed experienced Welsh and Cornish miners who were prepared to work for wages (Supple 1999: 445).

The Bonshaw Co. mine was one of the last to close down in the area.

Key site features:

1. Mine shaft opening – filled with of rubbish

2. Pieces of concrete which may have been part of the pump bob pit.


60

3. Blocks of stone in the grass north of the shaft,

4. Large dam 70 m by 50 m 50 m north of shaft.

5. Mullock heaps x 2 which are a prominent landscape feature. These heaps define the west and north sides of an area from which mullock has been removed. The two remaining heaps have had mullock removed and are very disturbed. These are:

1. Mullock heap measuring 50 m x 25 m x 5 m high running east from just south of the shaft,

2. Mullock heap measuring 25 m x 25 m x 4 m high, running south from the same point.

6. The mine managers residence (now a private residence).

7. Scatters of stone and brick between the mine shaft and the mine manager’s house.

8. Building foundations to the south of the mullock heaps. The origin of these is uncertain, but it is assumed that they are building or machinery foundations.

9. A small section of bluestone lined channel and simple wooden bridge.

10. A number of European trees planted throughout the site

Significance

The Prince of Wales/Bonshaw mine site is considered to be of local significance, and warrants a full heritage assessment to determine whether it meets the criteria for assessment to warrant the application of the Heritage Overlay of the City of Ballarat Planning Scheme. It is also an important contributory element of the Mining Corridor cultural landscape which has its southern most boundary at the edge of the Prince of Wales/Bonshaw mine site boundary.

The complex has a number of above ground features relating the history of gold mining at this site. The most prominent of these is the mullock heap. Other features include the section of bluestone lined channel, dam, brick and stone scatters and foundations. The private residence on the site may also be considered as part of the significance if indeed it was associated with the operation of the mine.

Because the condition of any below ground components is unknown (and too dangerous to assess), the site can only be assessed on the basis of the remaining physical features (e.g. mullock heap) and the surrounding works site as a place, being the location of one of the gold mines that operated in the Ballarat Southern Mining Division between the 1850s and early 20

th

century.

The site is a rare example of its type within the area, retaining a significant number of above and below ground features and fabric relating to its history as a mine site. In addition, the fabric is in good condition. This makes it a place worthy of further investigation and a level of protection that will enable it to be retained as an important reminder of the gold mining history in Sebastopol and Ballarat West.

There if very little information about the lives of the people who worked at and those who managed this mine (or other mines in the area), making it difficult of provide a conclusive assessment of significance. The features that are retained at this mine such as the mine shaft opening, pieces of concrete, blocks of stone, the mullock heaps, the blue stone lined channel and the dam north of shaft and the possibility that the house was once part of the mine operation make it suggest that there is some potential to understand quite a bit more about the layout and cultural history of this mine. Archaeological investigation, combined with further historical research might reveal something about the mine operation and the lives of the people who worked in the mine.


61

Sources:


Claim of the Bonshaw Gold Mining Co. c. 1866 (SLV H1758, mp003248). This image may relate to the operation that existed to the south of the Three Chain Road.



Allan, Robert. Plan of the Ballarat and Sebastopol gold mines showing the various claims and leases. (NLA 1870-79 MAP RM 3446)

Mining district of Ballaarat compiled from the maps in the Surveyor Generals Office and the mining surveyors plans at the Office of the Board of Science, R. Brough Smyth, Secretary, 25 June 1859 - Winter's PR. (NLA MAP RM 1000)

Plan of Ballarat, Sebastopol and Buninyong gold field showing mining areas to be drained by a proposed Adit along the valley of the Yarrowee River 1870-79 (NLA).

The Prince of Wales and Bonshaw Mine. This image is taken from Views of Ballarat West, 1 August 1893. (SLV), Accession No: IAN01/08/93/13, Image No: mp006328.




The Prince of Wales and Bonshaw Co. mine offers the opportunity to develop interpretation and public awareness about the mining history of the Ballarat West and Sebastopol goldfields because this site has more retained mine features than any of the other mines assessed in this study. This site has been the subject of at least 2 previous surveys (Supple in 1999 and Ecology Partners in 2010) with each describing the area around the mullock heaps, the dam and the mine shaft opening. The recent survey, which was assisted with information provided by a resident at the property, was able to locate more features that may relate to its mining history. Further investigation should include:

Archaeological investigation - to better understand this site, a detailed site plan showing the layout of features should be developed. If any site cleanup works are proposed, archaeological monitoring should also be undertaken, particularly in the area of the mine shaft and footings, to further record these features. Any plans to disturb this site will require a permit under the State Heritage Act 1995.

Historical research - Further historical research should also be undertaken to refine our understanding of the historical significance of the site. This research should attempt to relate the recorded features with 19

th century photographs, mapping or other historic plans of the

site.

Community consultation – to better understand the significance of this site, public consultation should be undertaken to document to importance of this site for the local community. This information, combined with the archaeological and historical research will provide a better understanding of how this site is significant to the people of Sebastopol and Ballarat West. This site is likely to be reminder of their gold mining heritage. Options for


62

future use of the site and interpretation should be considered as an outcome of the consultation.

General recommendations for the ongoing management of this site include:



• Develop a CMP (that incorporates the H7622-0217 (Bonshaw Co.) and H7622-0137 (Prince of Wales) site)




63

GREENHALGHS ROAD PRECINCT

Site of the Wiltshire Arms Hotel Land Description/AddressLand Description/AddressLand Description/AddressLand Description/Address: 316 Glenelg Highway, Delacombe



GDAGDAGDAGDA94949494 Co Co Co Co----ordinates:ordinates:ordinates:ordinates: Easting Northing Description

747718 5835994 Hotel ruin

Figure 30: An 1889 plan showing the site of the Wiltshire Arms Hotel.

Excerpt from the: Parish of Cardigan, County of Grenville, 1889 (SLV, MAP RM 3012).

Figure 31: Greenhalghs Road precinct area showing the site of the Wiltshire Arms. Also showing buildings relating to the present farm complex at the site.

Excerpt taken from a plan produced by the Australia Army Survey Corps, Ballarat. 1933-35 (MAP ASC 3. Tile a3).

Site Description

This site of the Wiltshire Arms Hotel is located near an extant complex of rural and domestic farm buildings on a parcel of land on the corner of Wiltshire Lane and the Glenelg Highway. The site measures approximately 200m (north to south) x 200m (east to west) and is situated in the far southeast corner of the property.


64

Site History

The Wiltshire Arms Hotel was built in 1863. According to the Ballarat and District Genealogical Society, the first publican to hold the licence for the hotel was G. Kent and the hotel was apparently visited by Prince Alfred, the Duke of Edinburgh on 8 December 1867.

It is likely that the Wiltshire Arms Hotel served the many miners who occupied the area during the gold rush. According to the E. Jenkins (1964) and J. Hargreaves (n.d.) there were many hundreds of hotels on the Ballarat and Sebastopol goldfield and many were located on or near mine sites.

Since the hotel closed it has been demolished and the site has been used for domestic and agricultural purposes.

Key site features:

• Large areas of bluestone and brick footings, floors and paving. This feature may be the footprint of the Wiltshire Arms Hotel itself

• Small red brick building with timber lintels in the south of the site

• Red brick and concrete rendered domed well located immediately southwest of the small red brick structure

• Several cypress pine windbreaks and plantings

• An unoccupied Federation style house situated in the northeast of the property

• Small Federation style structure connected to a small red brick water tank (above ground) to the west of the modern hay shed

• Stockyards and a sheep dip

• A small basalt culvert / bridge

• Iron and timber refuse heaps

• A large red brick above ground water tank connected to the hay shed

• An ornate timber gate at the Glenelg Highway entrance to the property. According to the Ecology Partners report, this gate is one of a pair, with the other set being stored off site. Other information states that this is one of the pair of original toll gates across the Glenelg Highway.

• A paved dam located to the north west of the built farm complex


According to the assessment undertaken by Ecology Partners, the remains of the Wiltshire Arms Hotel is in a ruinous state and has been subject to some disturbance but is otherwise in fair to good condition. They have identified the domed well situated close to the Federation house and the areas of basalt and red brick paving and footings as being likely to contain intact and stratified archaeological deposits.

Significance

Ecology Partners have assessed the archaeological (scientific) and historical significance of the Wilshire Arms Hotel site, and the broader domestic house and rural complex as one site. Although they don’t provide an explanation as to why they have considered features from both phases of occupation together, it is assumed that some features cannot be separated from one period to another. That is, the domed well may relate to the period when the Wiltshire Arms


65

Hotel operated, but it may also have been in use during the rural and domestic occupation phase, or in deed may only relate to the later phase.

Therefore, they have determined that the site of the Wiltshire Arms Hotel is of high archaeological (or scientific) significance. They argue that the site contains a number of relatively unique archaeological features that only occur occasionally (such as the relatively undisturbed stone footings and the potential for intact archaeological deposits in and around various features at the site such as the domed well and the rare and unique type of gate).

Furthermore, the site is potentially historically significant because, during the Wiltshire Arms Hotel phase of occupation, the site is said to have been visited by a member of the British royal family (though, as Ecology Partners have stated, this event needs verification).

Ecology Partners considered the site to be of high scientific significance at a local level. It contains a number of components that are likely to contain archaeological deposits. Excavations at the site may reveal further foundations, floors and artefacts associated with the use of the site as a hotel and as a later domestic rural site.

Statement of Significance:

There if very little information about this former hotel site, making it difficult of provide a conclusive assessment of significance. Ruinous architectural features such as the areas of bluestone and brick footings, floors and paving and the associated farm buildings, yards, vegetation and associated features suggest that there is some potential to understand something more about the layout and cultural history of this site. Archaeological investigation, combined with further historical research might reveal something about the lives of the people who established hotels in Ballarat West during the Gold Rush and those who settled the area shortly after to establish rural lifestyles and economies.

Limited information about this site means that little can be said about its significance at this stage. This statement of significance could be further enhanced by undertaking further research at this site.

In summary, the Wiltshire Arms Hotel site has moderate archaeological potential, but is likely to be of moderate to low historical and social significance for the people of Ballarat West and Sebastopol.

Sources:


J. Hargreaves. 193?. Ballarat Hotels Past and Present. Unpublished manuscript.

E.D. Jenkins, 1964. Sebastopol Victoria. An Historical Survey of Early Sebastopol. Borough Council of Sebastopol.

Lock, J. I. 1999. Hotels of Ballarat: a listing of hotels that have been licenced since 1853. Unpublished history.


The best way to determine whether this site should be retained or removed to make way for development is to undertake detailed recording to assess its archaeological potential.

The significance of the Wiltshire Arms Hotel site (and broader domestic and rural complex) can only be determined by further recording. This may involve developing a detailed site plan showing the layout of features and undertaking subsurface testing in and around the features that are likely to contain archaeological deposits that will reveal information about use of the


66

site during the two phases of occupation. Of particular interest are features relating to use of the site as a hotel.

Further historical research should also be undertaken to verify the historical significance of the site.

Once further archaeological and historical research has been undertaken a more complete understanding of the significance of this place will be understood and decisions about the retention or removal to make way for development of the UGZ can be made.

Should it be decided that the site is to be retained, a separate landscape and site conservation and management plan should be developed to ensure any significance elements are protected and to ensure that the site is correctly interpreted and sensitively incorporated into a public or other open space area.



67

Stone Footings Land Description/AddressLand Description/AddressLand Description/AddressLand Description/Address: 21 Greenhalghs Road, Bunkers Hill



GDAGDAGDAGDA94 Co94 Co94 Co94 Co----ordinateordinateordinateordinates:s:s:s: Easting Northing Description

746276 5836928 Stone Footings

Figure 33: Area surrounding the site of the stone footings (lot 19, 20 or 21).

Excerpt taken from a plan of the Parish of Cardigan, County of Grenville, 1889 (MAP RM 3012).

Figure 34: Site of the stone footings in 1933-35 showing the location of a possible weatherboard house (marked as WH) on Greenhalghs Road.

Excerpt taken from a plan produced by the Australia Army Survey Corps, Ballarat. 1933-35 (MAP ASC 3. Tile a3).

Site Description

The site is located in a paddock immediately north of Greenhalghs Road. It is on the southern boundary of the property and it measures approximately 100m (north to south) x 100 meters (east to west).


68

According to the assessment undertaken by Ecology Partners in 2010, the site comprises a series of basalt and red brick footings and areas of paving. Seven basalt paved areas generally between 2m

2 to 4m

2 in size are present at the site. These are connected by a series of basalt

paths.

Ecology Partners have interpreted the site as dairying or creamery site or a slaughterhouse complex, with the cellar used to store milk, cream or meat. Their interpretation is based on the series of paved areas together with the cellar.

They assessed the significance of the site as being of moderate scientific significance based on the remaining features, its condition and representativeness.

Site History

The history for this place is largely unknown, except that it pre-dates the 1950s when the current landowner's father took over the lease and filled in the cellar.

According to the Ecology Partners report on this site, very little information about the site was obtained during consultation with the current landowner. He did however, say that his (or her) father took over the lease in the 1950s and filled in the cellar at that time.

Key site features:

• a series of basalt and red brick footings

• seven basalt paved areas generally between 2m2 to 4m

2 in size that are connected by a series

of basalt paths

• a filled in cellar to the south east of the basalt floors


Site is in poor deteriorated condition.

Significance

Ecology Partners have assessed this site to be a common type that is of moderate archaeological significance. This is based on the presence of a number of [ruinous] built features and the potential for intact archaeological deposits to be contained within the cellar that could reveal something about the buildings and the materials used to construct them and items that may also reveal information about the function of the site.

Statement of Significance:

There if very little information about this site, making it difficult of provide a conclusive assessment of significance.

Ruinous architectural features such as basalt and red brick footings, basalt paved areas and a filled in cellar suggest that there is some minor potential to understand something about the layout and cultural history of the site. This, combined with further historical research might reveal something about the lives of the people who settled in Ballarat West either during or shortly after the end of the ‘gold rush period to establish rural lifestyles and economies.

Limited information about this site means that little can be said about its significance at this stage. This statement of significance could be further enhanced by undertaking further research at this site.

In summary, the Stone Footings site has moderate archaeological potential, but is likely to be of low historical and social significance for the people of Ballarat West.


69

Sources:



The best way to determine whether this site should be retained or is able to be removed to make way for development is to undertake detailed recording to assess the sites archaeological potential. This may involve developing a detailed site plan showing the layout of features within the site and a minor subsurface testing component in the area of the filled in cellar.

It will only be once a better understanding of the physical nature of the site, and its former function has been determined that an assessment of its significance can be more fully understood. One this is known then any decisions to remove the site for development or to retain it as a feature within any new development can be made.

Should it be decided that the site is to be retained within a new development area, a separate landscape development and site conservation and management plan should be developed to ensure any significance elements are protected and to ensure that the site is correctly interpreted and sensitively incorporated into a public or other open space area.



70

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Studies

Ballarat West Growth Area, Precinct 1, Bonshaw and Sebastopol, Victoria: Aboriginal and Historical Heritage Assessment (Ecology Partners, 2010)

Ballarat West Growth Area. Precinct 2. Smythes Creek and Delacombe, Victoria (Ecology Partners, 2010)




Histories

Baragwanath, W. 1923. The Ballarat Goldfield', Geological Survey of Victoria Memoir No. 14, Department of Mines, Victoria.

Blainey, G. 1963. The rush that never ended: a history of Australian mining. Melbourne University Press, Parkville.

Davey, C. 1996. The Origins of Victorian Mining Technology 1851-1900. The Artefact. Volume 19, pp 52-62).

Hargreaves, J. n.d. Ballarat Hotels Past and Present. Unpublished Manuscript held at the Gold Museum, Ballarat.

Jenkins, A. 2002. The Yarrowee River…with a Personal Touch. Sebastopol Historical Society.

Lock, J. I. 1999. Hotels of Ballarat. Unpublished Manuscript held at the Gold Museum, Ballarat.

Jenkins, E. D and Jenkins, A. J. 1980. The Golden Chain, A History of Sebastopol (Victoria, Australia) with special reference to gold and mining. Sebastopol Historical Society.

The Ballarat Goldfield, with plates and figures. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of Victoria. (W. Baragwanath, Dept. of Mines, 1923).

Maps and Plans

An Underground Survey of Mines, Ballarat. Surveyed by Robert Allan, under the direction of C. W. Langtree, Secretary for Mines, and Chief Mining Surveyor for the Colony of Victoria, March 1887 (Ballarat Gold Museum)

Allan, Robert. Plan of the Ballarat and Sebastopol gold mines showing the various claims and leases. 1870-79 (SLV MAP RM 3446, NLA 1870-79 MAP RM 3446)

Australia Army Survey Corps, Ballarat. 1933-35 (NLA: MAP ASC 3)

Borough of Sebastopol, Parishes of Ballaarat and Cardigan, County of Grenville 1940 (SLV).

Map of Ballaarat and Sebastopol compiled and engraved from official and original mining surveys by John L. Ross. (SLV MAPS SB 825.219 A 1868 )


71

Mining district of Ballaarat compiled from the maps in the Surveyor Generals Office and the mining surveyors plans at the Office of the Board of Science, R. Brough Smyth, Secretary, 25 June 1859. (SLV MAP RM 1000).

Mining District of Ballarat. Compiled from the maps in the Surveyor General's Office and the Mining Surveyors Plans at the Office of the Board of Science ; lithographed and printed in colours by DeGruchy & Leigh, Melbourne. (SLV MAPS X 825.21 GBC 1859)

Plan of Ballarat, Sebastopol and Buninyong gold field showing mining areas to be drained by a proposed Adit along the valley of the Yarrowee River 1870-79. (SLV MAPS 825.21 GBD 186-?)

Parish of Cardigan, County of Grenville, 1889 (SLV, MAP RM 3012).

Plan of Ballarat and Sebastopol. F. W. Niven and Co. 1879 (SLV, MAP 1048).

Township of Sebastopol, Parish of Ballarat, County of Grenville 1961 (SLV).

Victoria. Dept. of Crown Lands and Survey. Sebastopol, Parish of Ballaarat, County of Grenville, 1873. (SLV MAP RM 2740/43. Part 1)

Victoria. Mines Dept. Ballarat Gold Field 1874. (SLV MAP RM 1738)

Images

Claim of the Bonshaw Gold Mining Co.. 1866 (SLV H1758, mp003248)

Claim of the Prince of Wales GM Co.1966 (SLV, H2972, mp000474).

Prince of Wales Gold Mining Co, 1861. (SLV, H26077, mp000531).

Prince of Wales Gold Mining Co. (Ltd), Cobblers Ballarat. Herman Deutsch, ca. 1862.

Colour lithograph (SLV, No: H6864, b28401).

Street Scene, Sebastopol 1866 ( SLV- H2968, mp000470)

The Sebastopol lead, Ballaarat 1858. (SLV, IMN02-01-58-3, pi005816)

Views of Ballarat West, 1 August 1893. (SLV), Accession No: IAN01/08/93/13, Image No: mp006328.

United Working Miners Claim, Sebastopol, 1861. ( SLV, H26079, mp000533).

Registers, Lists and Inventories

Australian Heritage Database (including Register of the National Estate)

National Trust of Australia (Victoria) Register

Schedule to the Heritage Overlay, City of Ballarat Planning Scheme

HERMES database (Heritage Victoria)

Heritage Inventory Site Cards (held by Heritage Victoria)


72

APPENDIX A – SITE DETAILS Place namePlace namePlace namePlace name AddressAddressAddressAddress ParishParishParishParish Council Council Council Council

Property Property Property Property No.No.No.No.

TTTTitle (Plan number)itle (Plan number)itle (Plan number)itle (Plan number) Allot/ Allot/ Allot/ Allot/ SectionSectionSectionSection

MGA CoMGA CoMGA CoMGA Co----ordinatesordinatesordinatesordinates Easting Easting Easting Easting (GD(GD(GD(GDA94)A94)A94)A94)

MGA CoMGA CoMGA CoMGA Co----ordinatesordinatesordinatesordinates Northing Northing Northing Northing (GDA94)(GDA94)(GDA94)(GDA94)

DescriptionDescriptionDescriptionDescription VHI 7822VHI 7822VHI 7822VHI 7822---- SignificanceSignificanceSignificanceSignificance attributed by attributed by attributed by attributed by Previous studiesPrevious studiesPrevious studiesPrevious studies

Bonshaw Creek Bonshaw Creek Bonshaw Creek Bonshaw Creek PrecinctPrecinctPrecinctPrecinct


182-198 Grant St, Sebastopol

T/ship of Sebastopol Parish of Ballarat

2012845 # 180 (Northern portion)= Crown Land

12/35

749708 5834672 Area of ground disturbance (approx.)

H7622-0133 Local




2012845 # 180 (Northern portion)= Crown Land # 182 (Southern portion) = Crown Land

12/35 14/35

749588 5834654 Mullock heap – co-ord. from base on Crown Street side

H7622-0213 Local

# 182 (Southern portion) =

Crown Land 14/35 749279 5834413 Small dam at far sth west end of

site (end of land parcel) n/a

Local

# 182 (Southern portion) =

Crown Land 14/35 749560 5834524 Channel at mid point between

mullock and St Joseph's home site

Part of H7622-0213

local

Winters Freehold Lot 32A Tait St

Delacombe

2031576 LP3975 n/a 749155 5835139 Mullock heap H7622-0134

Local

Prince Imperial 39 Miles St, Sebastopol

Cardigan 2000321 # 39 (West portion) 3/7A 748751 5833671 Mullock heap H7622-0135

Local

748842 5833740 Red brick ruin (partial walls and footings) near Miles Street fence line immediately nth of small mounds.

n/a Local

Albion Consul 39 Miles St, Sebastopol

Cardigan 2000321 # 39 (middle portion) 2/7A 748710 5833365 Mullock heap H7622-0135

Local

Prince of Wales No. 1 15-39 Prince St

Sebastopol


2026429 # 15-39 (north portion) = No plan no. given.

3/72 749980 5833406 Mullock heap (disturbance area) H7622-0136

Local

749935 5833405 Mullock heap (disturbance area)

H7622-0136 Local

750159 5833485 Ground disturbance at Prince

Street end of site H7622-0136

Local

750057 5833455 Ground disturbance at Prince

Street end of site H7622-0136

Local

n/a n/a Site of the ‘New Prince of Wales’

Shaft H7622-0136

Local


73

Place namePlace namePlace namePlace name AddressAddressAddressAddress ParishParishParishParish Council Council Council Council Property Property Property Property No.No.No.No.






Miles St Sebastopol T/ship of Sebastopol Parish of Ballarat

2023248 & 2049675

Crown 7A/72 749748 5833582 Mullock heap H7622-0216

Local

Miles St Sebastopol T/ship of Sebastopol Parish of Ballarat

Crown 7A/72 749917 5833576 Camp location (approx.) H7622-0216

Local

Dam

H7622-0216 Local

Prince of Wales No. 3 Cnr Grant and Miles St

Sebastopol


? TP265013 7/35 749797 5833798 Area of ground disturbance/ quarried mullock heap

n/a Local

Dam

n/a Local


362 Albert Street, Sebastopol


2000323 Lot 2 LP145877

749941 5832897 Mullock heap 1 H7622-0217 and H7622-0137

Local

750016 5832921 Mullock heap 2

H7622-0217 and H7622-0137

Local

749930 5832880 Rubble 1 /

Brick, concrete and wood rubble - possible footings

H7622-0217 and H7622-0137

Local

749975 5832810 Disturbed ground between

mullock heaps H7622-0217 and H7622-0137

Local

750001 5832906 Rubble 2 /

Brick, concrete metal, ceramics, concrete, metal sheeting, stone fragments, bricks (old reds and yellows)

H7622-0217 and H7622-0137

Local

750027 5832894 Edge of mullock above drainage

line H7622-0217 and H7622-0137

Local

749995 5832712 Bluestone channel and bridge

exposure. H7622-0217 and H7622-0137

Local

749919 5832808 Rubble 3 / Brick, concrete rubble

- possible footings H7622-0217 and H7622-0137

Local

749993 5832949 Mine shaft entrance

H7622-0217 and H7622-0137

Local


74

Place namePlace namePlace namePlace name AddressAddressAddressAddress ParishParishParishParish Council Council Council Council Property Property Property Property No.No.No.No.





749979 5832980 Rubble 4 / Brick and stone

rubble between shaft entrance and house

H7622-0217 and H7622-0137

Local

749932 5832988 House (mine admin?)

H7622-0217 and H7622-0137

Local

Dam

H7622-0217 and H7622-0137

Local

Greenhalgh RoadGreenhalgh RoadGreenhalgh RoadGreenhalgh Road PrecinctPrecinctPrecinctPrecinct


316 Glenelg Highway, Delacombe

Cardigan 2012289 TP310301 11/2 747730 5835991 Ruin site 200m x 200m.

H7622-0449 Local Medium scientific significance

Stone Footings CA 21, Greenhalghs Road, Bunkers Hill

Cardigan 2012998 TP892321 20/1 746297 5836887 Ruin site 100m x 100m

H7622-0448 Local Low scientific significance


75

APPENDIX B – SUMMARY RECOMMENDATIONS Place namePlace namePlace namePlace name VHI 7822VHI 7822VHI 7822VHI 7822---- Sites to be included in a Sites to be included in a Sites to be included in a Sites to be included in a

heritage corridor heritage corridor heritage corridor heritage corridor –––– to be part to be part to be part to be part of planned open space in UGZof planned open space in UGZof planned open space in UGZof planned open space in UGZ

Isolated sites to be maIsolated sites to be maIsolated sites to be maIsolated sites to be managed naged naged naged as open space in UGZas open space in UGZas open space in UGZas open space in UGZ

Sites to be removed from UGZ / Sites to be removed from UGZ / Sites to be removed from UGZ / Sites to be removed from UGZ / to remain in rural zoneto remain in rural zoneto remain in rural zoneto remain in rural zone

Area requiring further investigationArea requiring further investigationArea requiring further investigationArea requiring further investigation ReReReRecommended land usecommended land usecommended land usecommended land use options for the options for the options for the options for the site(s)site(s)site(s)site(s) CCCControls or conditions (e.g. ontrols or conditions (e.g. ontrols or conditions (e.g. ontrols or conditions (e.g. requirement requirement requirement requirement for CMP’s, for CMP’s, for CMP’s, for CMP’s, detailed identification of the detailed identification of the detailed identification of the detailed identification of the locationlocationlocationlocation of significant parts of the site) of significant parts of the site) of significant parts of the site) of significant parts of the site)

Bonshaw Creek PrecinctBonshaw Creek PrecinctBonshaw Creek PrecinctBonshaw Creek Precinct


H7622-0133 The site to be include in mining landscape corridor (see proposed corridor plan)

Continue to remain undeveloped public space. Develop a CMP (that incorporates United Working Miners No. 2 shaft) Develop a landscape plan for the site that is sensitive to the management of the cultural heritage values. Develop interpretation for the site.


H7622-0213 The site to be include in mining landscape corridor (see proposed corridor plan) Part of the land to the west of site may be included in the UGZ with curtilage to buffer (see proposed mining landscape corridor plan). This rec is pending further research and investigation which may include sub surface sampling to rule out any significant archaeological deposits.

The far west end of the site where a small dam was located should be recorded in more detail. This feature might relate to former mine activity, however, this needs to be established.

Continue to remain undeveloped public space. Develop a CMP (that incorporates Evening Star / Working Miners No. 2) Develop a landscape plan for the site that is sensitive to the management of the cultural heritage values. Develop interpretation for the site.

Winters Freehold H7622-0134 Depending on the outcomes

of further research, this site and a curtilage of land around it should be managed as public space within the UGZ (see proposed corridor plan)

Site to be recorded in more detail when access is available.


Prince Imperial H7622-0135 Depending on the outcomes

of further research, this site and a curtilage of land around it should be managed as public space within the UGZ (see proposed corridor plan)


Mine site and red brick ruin to east of the mine site should be recorded in more detail when access is available.

The red brick ruin which might be associated with the mine should be further investigated and if found to be significant, it should be incorporated into the UGZ as publish space. If the site is to be incorporated into the UGZ, a CMP and a landscape design plan should be developed to manage the sensitive cultural heritage values at the site. This could include development of interpretation.

Albion Consul H7622-0135 Depending on the outcomes

of further research, this site and a curtilage of land around it should be managed as public space within the UGZ



If the site is to be incorporated into the UGZ, a CMP and a landscape design plan should be developed to manage the sensitive cultural heritage values at the site. This could include development of


76

Place namePlace namePlace namePlace name VHI 7822VHI 7822VHI 7822VHI 7822---- Sites to be included in a Sites to be included in a Sites to be included in a Sites to be included in a heritage corridor heritage corridor heritage corridor heritage corridor –––– to be part to be part to be part to be part of planned open space in UGZof planned open space in UGZof planned open space in UGZof planned open space in UGZ

Isolated sites to be maIsolated sites to be maIsolated sites to be maIsolated sites to be managed naged naged naged as open space in UGZas open space in UGZas open space in UGZas open space in UGZ

Sites to be removed from UGZ / Sites to be removed from UGZ / Sites to be removed from UGZ / Sites to be removed from UGZ / to remain in rural zoneto remain in rural zoneto remain in rural zoneto remain in rural zone

Area requiring further investigationArea requiring further investigationArea requiring further investigationArea requiring further investigation ReReReRecommended land usecommended land usecommended land usecommended land use options for the options for the options for the options for the site(s)site(s)site(s)site(s) CCCControls or conditions (e.g. ontrols or conditions (e.g. ontrols or conditions (e.g. ontrols or conditions (e.g. requirement requirement requirement requirement for CMP’s, for CMP’s, for CMP’s, for CMP’s, detailed identification of the detailed identification of the detailed identification of the detailed identification of the locationlocationlocationlocation of significant parts of the site) of significant parts of the site) of significant parts of the site) of significant parts of the site)

(see proposed corridor plan) interpretation.

Prince of Wales No. 1 H7622-0136 Part of this land may be included in a mining landscape corridor (see proposed corridor plan).

The land along 15-39 Prince Street may be included in the UGZ. However, because this land was originally recorded as the site of the Prince of Wales No. 1 mine, it should first be subjected to sub surface sampling to rule out any significant archaeological deposits.


The CMP should incorporate the Prince of Wales No. 1 and No. 2 shaft sites, the Camp mine site and the area of the camp site area.


H7622-0216 This site should be include in mining landscape corridor (see proposed corridor plan)

See above

Prince of Wales No. 3 shaft n/a All of the remaining undeveloped land or at least part of this land should be included in the mining landscape corridor (see proposed corridor plan)



Prince of Wales and Bonshaw Co. H7622-0217 and H7622-0137 The site to be include in mining landscape corridor (see proposed corridor plan)

The extent of this site and the features relating to its significance need to be recorded in more detail.


Greenhalgh RoadGreenhalgh RoadGreenhalgh RoadGreenhalgh Road Precinct Precinct Precinct Precinct

Site of the Wiltshire Arms Hotel H7622-0449 This site and curtilage of land

around it to be managed as public space within the UGZ (see proposed corridor plan)



Stone Footings H7622-0448 This site and curtilage of land

around it to be managed as public space within the UGZ (see proposed corridor plan)




77

APPENDIX C - MAPPING AND CURTILAGES

What is a curtilage?

The New South Wales Heritage Office publication Heritage Curtilages (1996) defines a curtilage as:

… the area of land (including land covered by water) surrounding an item or area of heritage significance which is essential for retaining and interpreting its heritage significance …

What does the Burra Charter say?

The Australia ICOMOS Burra Charter, 1999 doesn’t mention the word “curtilage” but refers to the term “setting”.

Article 1.2 states in part:

“Cultural significance is embodied in the place itself, its fabric, setting, use, associations, meanings, records, related places and related objects.”

Article 1.12 states in part:

“Setting means the area around a place, which may include the visual catchment.”

Article 8 (“Setting”) states:

“Conservation requires the retention of an appropriate visual setting and other relationships that contribute to the cultural significance of the place.

New construction, demolition, intrusions or other changes which would adversely affect the setting or relationships are not appropriate.”

Why is a curtilage critical?

• To retain the setting or context of a significant building, element or place.

• To regulate demolition of significant elements associated with the heritage place (e.g. a homestead and its outbuildings, structures, trees and private cemetery etc.)

• To regulate subdivision of a significant building or place.

• To regulate new buildings and works in close proximity to the significant building or element.

What does the Victoria Planning Provision Practice note – Applying the Heritage Overlay – state?

The Victoria Planning Provision Practice Note Applying the Heritage Overlay (1999) states:

The Heritage Overlay applies to both the listed heritage item and its associated land (refer Clause 43.01 - Scope). It is usually important to include land surrounding a building, structure, tree or feature of importance to ensure that any new development does not adversely affect the setting or context of the significant feature. In most situations, the extent of the control will be the whole of the property (for example, a suburban dwelling and its allotment).

However, there will be occasions when the control should be reduced in its extent so that it does not apply to the whole of the property. Examples might include:

• a homestead on a large pastoral property where only the buildings and their immediate surroundings are important but not the remainder of the property

• a significant specimen tree on an otherwise unimportant property

• a horse-trough, fountain or monument in a road reservation


78

• a grandstand or shelter in a large but otherwise unimportant public park.

Where a heritage place does not encompass the whole of the property, care should be taken to show the most accurate parcel of land affected by the control. For instance, if a homestead is affected by the Heritage Overlay but not the whole of the farm, a polygon should be allocated to the area of affected buildings and associated land. The wording to describe the Heritage Place in the schedule should be specific to identify the area covered by the overlay control.

How do you establish a curtilage?

1. Consider each place on its merits and apply common sense.

2. Review the heritage study documentation and ask the question “What is significant?” The polygon should capture those elements of the place that are significant.

3. In addition to capturing the elements that are significant, it is almost always necessary to include some surrounding land in order to:

• retain the setting or context of a significant building, feature, element or place.

• regulate development (including subdivision) in close proximity to the significant building, feature or element.

4. Where possible, adopt the whole of the property or follow existing surveyed lines such as lot boundaries.

5. If it is not possible to achieve above point 4, uncomplicated and easily recognised boundary lines work best. Uncomplicated and easily recognised boundary lines leave little room for dispute in terms of the land affected by any Overlay.

6. Use aerial photos where they exist to assist in identifying a reduced curtilage.

7. If adopting a reduced curtilage, explain the basis for the polygon in the heritage study documentation.

8. Ground ‘truthing’ may be of assistance.

9. Where questions might arise in the future as to the extent of the polygon shown on the planning scheme map, use the entry in the Schedule to the Heritage Overlay (e.g. column two) to specify the area covered by the polygon. For example:

“The heritage place is the Moreton Bay Fig Tree and land beneath and beyond the canopy of the tree and extending for a distance of five metres from the canopy edge.”

Source: Heritage Victoria Model Consultants Brief for Heritage Studies


79

APPENDIX D - GAZETTEER AND PHOTOS SitSitSitSite namee namee namee name, , , , Address, Address, Address, Address, Property Property Property Property No.No.No.No.

VHIVHIVHIVHI PhotosPhotosPhotosPhotos



2012845

H7622-0133

Figure 35: View across parkland to the site of the Evening Star/Working Miners No. 2 mine (left of photo) and the Uniting Working Miners No. 2 Shaft mullock heap.



2012845

H7622-0213

Figure 36: Uniting Working Miners No. 2 Shaft mullock heap (background) and drain


80

outlet in the area where the former mine shaft may have been situated.

Figure 37: Uniting Working Miners No. 2 Shaft mullock heap.

Figure 38: Small dam located to the west of the Uniting Working Miners No. 2 Shaft site.


81

Winters Freehold No. 2

Lot 32A Tait St, Delacombe

2031576

H7622-0134

Figure 39: View across to the site of the Winters Freehold No. 2 mine and mullock heap.

Prince Imperial

39 Miles St, Sebastopol

2000321

H7622-0135

Figure 40: Prince Imperial mine site and mullock heap.

n/a

Figure 41: Red brick ruin to the east of the Prince Imperial mullock heap.


82

Albion Consul

39 Miles St, Sebastopol

2000321

H7622-0135

Figure 42: View across to the site of the mine site and mullock heap.


15-39 Prince St

Sebastopol

2026429

H7622-0136

Figure 43: Eastern margin of the Prince of Wales No. 1 mine.


83

Figure 44: View across the top of a mullock heap on the site of the Prince of Wales No. 1.mine.

H7622-0136

Figure 45: View across to the Prince of Wales No. 1mine showing the area of disturbance. The Prince Imperial mine and mullock heap are visible in the background.


84


Miles St Sebastopol

2023248 & 2049675

H7622-0216

Figure 46: Prince of Wales GM No. 3 Camp GM Co. mullock heap and entrance to the property.

H7622-0216

Figure 47: View across to the site of the Prince of Wales GM No. 3 Camp GM Co. showing the area of the former camp site.


85


Cnr Grant and Miles St

Sebastopol

n/a

Figure 48: Red brick chimney on part of the site of the Prince of Wales No. 3.


362 Albert Street, Sebastopol

H7622-0217 and H7622-0137

Figure 49: Mullock heap at the Prince of Wales and Bonshaw Co.


86

H7622-0217 and H7622-0137

Figure 50: Mullock heap at the Prince of Wales and Bonshaw Co mine site.

H7622-0217 and H7622-0137

Figure 51: Rubbish blocking the entrance to the shaft at the Prince of Wales and Bonshaw Co mine site.


87

H7622-0217 and H7622-0137

Figure 52: Rubble and concrete footings at the Prince of Wales and Bonshaw Co. mine site.

H7622-0217 and H7622-0137

Figure 53: Brick, stone, concrete, metal, ceramic and glass rubble between the mullock heaps at the Prince of Wales and Bonshaw Co. mine site.

H7622-0217 and H7622-0137

Figure 54: Stone, metal, concrete and ceramic rubble between the mullock heaps at the Prince of Wales and Bonshaw Co. mine site.


88

H7622-0217 and H7622-0137

Figure 55: Rubble and concrete footings adjacent to the mullock heap at the Prince of Wales and Bonshaw Co. mine site.

H7622-0217 and H7622-0137

Figure 56: Timber cottage adjacent to the mine shaft and mullock heaps. This cottage may have been part of the mine operation for the Prince of Wales and Bonshaw Co.

H7622-0217 and H7622-0137

Figure 57: Brick and stone rubble and possible footings between the timber cottage and mine shaft at the Prince of Wales and Bonshaw Co. mine site.


89

H7622-0217 and H7622-0137

Figure 58: Bluestone lined channel at the southern end of the Prince of Wales and Bonshaw Co. mine site.

Figure 59: Bluestone lined channel and section of timber bridge/crossing at the southern end of the Prince of Wales and Bonshaw Co. mine site.

Greenhalgh Greenhalgh Greenhalgh Greenhalgh Road Road Road Road PrecinctPrecinctPrecinctPrecinct


316 Glenelg Highway Delacombe

2012289

H7622-0449

Figure 60: Entrance to the farm complex where the Site of the Wiltshire Arms Hotel is


90

located.

Figure 61: View across to the site of the Wiltshire Arms Hotel from Wiltshire Lane.

Stone Footings

CA 21, Greenhalghs Road, Bunkers Hill

2012998

H7622-0448

Figure 62: View across to the site of the stone footings from Greenhalghs Road.

ballarat west growth areas report register documents the development and issue of the report...

Documents