ballast water treatment project

8/8/2019 Ballast Water Treatment Project

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Ballast WaterBallast Water

Treatment ProjectTreatment Project


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BackgroundBackground About 400 Marine and estuarine nonAbout 400 Marine and estuarine non--indigenousindigenous

species (NIS) established in USAspecies (NIS) established in USA

Global movement of ballast water is single largestGlobal movement of ballast water is single largesttransfer mechanism for marine NIStransfer mechanism for marine NIS

Transfer of NIS within ballast large issue on geoTransfer of NIS within ballast large issue on geo--political landscapepolitical landscape

BPOSC sponsored development of worlds firstBPOSC sponsored development of worlds firstballast water treatment system for tankersballast water treatment system for tankers


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Project PartnersProject Partners BP Oil Shipping Company USABP Oil Shipping Company USA Nutech O3Nutech O3 Northeast Technical Services Co. Inc.Northeast Technical Services Co. Inc.

USCGUSCG USEPAUSEPA US Fish and WildlifeUS Fish and Wildlife

University of North CarolinaUniversity of North Carolina Washington Smithsonian Environmental ResearchWashington Smithsonian Environmental Research Local NGOs including PWS Citizens Advisory CouncilLocal NGOs including PWS Citizens Advisory Council


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Why Ozone?Why Ozone? 0033 primarily used to disinfect waterprimarily used to disinfect water 0033 reacts with seawater to create iodine andreacts with seawater to create iodine and

hydrobromus acid to kill bacteria, viruses andhydrobromus acid to kill bacteria, viruses andmarine organismsmarine organisms

Interaction of 0Interaction of 033 and seawater is unstableand seawater is unstable once disinfected seawater returns to original stateonce disinfected seawater returns to original state

Treatment nonTreatment non--corrosivecorrosive

can be safely discharged without harm to local aquaticcan be safely discharged without harm to local aquaticlifelife


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Ballast Water Treatment ProjectBallast Water Treatment Project

Nutechs SCX 2000 System installed on ATCNutechs SCX 2000 System installed on ATCtanker Tonsina in September 2000 intanker Tonsina in September 2000 in

Hyundai SY KoreaHyundai SY Korea 120K DWT double hulled tanker120K DWT double hulled tankerApproximately 47K metric tons ofApproximately 47K metric tons of

segregated ballastsegregated ballast


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Installing ozone generator on Tanker TonsinaInstalling ozone generator on Tanker Tonsina


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How Does it Work?How Does it Work? Stream of 0Stream of 022 enriched air through an electrodeenriched air through an electrode Electric arc created in electrodeElectric arc created in electrode Resulting 0Resulting 033 created is piped to ballast tanks andcreated is piped to ballast tanks and

released into ballast water via diffusersreleased into ballast water via diffusers 1800 grams/hour of 01800 grams/hour of 033 is distributed to 15 ballastis distributed to 15 ballast

tanks via 700 meters of pipe and 1200 stonetanks via 700 meters of pipe and 1200 stonediffusersdiffusers


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Phase 1 Study ObjectivesPhase 1 Study Objectives

Evaluate chemical and biological quality of ballastEvaluate chemical and biological quality of ballastwater in treated vs. control ballast water tanks overwater in treated vs. control ballast water tanks over5 hour and 10 hour ozonation periods5 hour and 10 hour ozonation periods

Compare effectiveness of 0Compare effectiveness of 033 induced reductions ininduced reductions inorganism abundance and diversity to theorganism abundance and diversity to thebenchmark of ballast water exchangebenchmark of ballast water exchange

Evaluate potential toxicity (via 0Evaluate potential toxicity (via 033

& by products) of& by products) ofpostpost--treatment ballast water prior to dischargetreatment ballast water prior to dischargeusing whole effluent toxicity (WET) testsusing whole effluent toxicity (WET) tests


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Preliminary Test ResultsPreliminary Test Results

Kills in excess of 99.9% bacteria in 5 hoursKills in excess of 99.9% bacteria in 5 hours 90% kill rate of zooplankton after 10 hours90% kill rate of zooplankton after 10 hours 8585--90% kill rate of small fish and crabs90% kill rate of small fish and crabs

Toxicity of ozonated seawater very low and noToxicity of ozonated seawater very low and noproblem for immediate dischargeproblem for immediate discharge 0033 distribution was unevendistribution was uneven--expect higher kill rateexpect higher kill rate

of biota in next series of experimentsof biota in next series of experiments

Toxicity of ozonated seawater was very lowToxicity of ozonated seawater was very low---- nonoproblem for immediate dischargeproblem for immediate discharge


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IMO Ballast Water ConventionIMO Ballast Water ConventionDiplomatic Conference Feb. 2004Diplomatic Conference Feb. 2004

International Convention for the Control andInternational Convention for the Control andManagement of Ships' Ballast Water and SedimentsManagement of Ships' Ballast Water and Sediments

Adoption: 13 February 2004Adoption: 13 February 2004 Entry into force: 12 months after ratification by 3Entry into force: 12 months after ratification by 3States, representing 35 per cent of world merchantStates, representing 35 per cent of world merchantshipping tonnageshipping tonnage


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General ObligationsGeneral ObligationsWith respect to the prevention, reduction orWith respect to the prevention, reduction orelimination of the transfer of harmful aquaticelimination of the transfer of harmful aquatic

organisms and pathogens through the control andorganisms and pathogens through the control and

management of ships' ballast water and sediments,management of ships' ballast water and sediments,consistent with international law. Parties shouldconsistent with international law. Parties shouldensure that ballast water management practices doensure that ballast water management practices donot cause greater harm than they prevent to theirnot cause greater harm than they prevent to theirenvironment, human health, property or resources,environment, human health, property or resources,

or those of other Statesor those of other States


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Reception facilitiesReception facilities

Parties undertake to ensure that ports andParties undertake to ensure that ports andterminals where cleaning or repair of ballast tanksterminals where cleaning or repair of ballast tanksoccurs, have adequate reception facilities for theoccurs, have adequate reception facilities for thereception of sedimentsreception of sediments

Research and monitoringResearch and monitoring Calls for individually or jointly to promote andCalls for individually or jointly to promote andfacilitate scientific and technical research on ballastfacilitate scientific and technical research on ballastwater management; and monitor the effects ofwater management; and monitor the effects ofballast water management in waters under theirballast water management in waters under their

jurisdictionjurisdiction


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Survey, certification and inspectionSurvey, certification and inspection Ships are required to be surveyed and certifiedShips are required to be surveyed and certified

and may be inspected by PSC who can verifyand may be inspected by PSC who can verifythat the shipthat the ship

has a valid certificatehas a valid certificate inspect the Ballast Water Record Bookinspect the Ballast Water Record Book sample the ballast watersample the ballast water


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Survey, certification and inspectionSurvey, certification and inspection

If there are concernsIf there are concerns a detailed inspection may be carried outa detailed inspection may be carried out Party carrying out the inspection shallParty carrying out the inspection shall

take such steps as will ensure that the ship shall nottake such steps as will ensure that the ship shall notdischarge Ballast Water until it can do so withoutdischarge Ballast Water until it can do so withoutpresenting a threat of harm to the environment, humanpresenting a threat of harm to the environment, humanhealth, property or resources."health, property or resources."

All possible efforts shall be made to avoid a shipAll possible efforts shall be made to avoid a ship

being unduly detained or delayedbeing unduly detained or delayed


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Survey, certification and inspectionSurvey, certification and inspection

Technical assistanceTechnical assistanceAvailable forAvailable for Training personnelTraining personnel Ensure the availability of relevant technology,Ensure the availability of relevant technology,

equipment and facilitiesequipment and facilities

Initiate joint research and development programmesInitiate joint research and development programmes Undertake other action aimed at the effectiveUndertake other action aimed at the effective

implementation of this Conventionimplementation of this Convention


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AnnexAnnex -- Section A General ProvisionsSection A General Provisions

This includes definitions, application & exemptionsThis includes definitions, application & exemptions

Under Regulation AUnder Regulation A--2 General Applicability: "Except where2 General Applicability: "Except where

expressly provided otherwise, the discharge of Ballastexpressly provided otherwise, the discharge of Ballast

Water shall only be conducted through Ballast WaterWater shall only be conducted through Ballast WaterManagement, in accordance with the provisions of thisManagement, in accordance with the provisions of this

Annex."Annex."


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AnnexAnnex -- Section BSection B

Management and Control Requirements for ShipsManagement and Control Requirements for Ships

Ships are required to have on board and implement a BallastShips are required to have on board and implement a Ballast

Water Management Plan approved by the AdministrationWater Management Plan approved by the Administration

(Regulation B(Regulation B--1). The Ballast Water Management Plan is1). The Ballast Water Management Plan is

specific to each ship and includes a detailed description of thespecific to each ship and includes a detailed description of the

actions to be taken to implement the Ballast Wateractions to be taken to implement the Ballast Water

ManagementManagement


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Ships must have a Ballast Water Record Book (Regulation BShips must have a Ballast Water Record Book (Regulation B--

2) to record when ballast water is taken on board; circulated or2) to record when ballast water is taken on board; circulated or

treated for Ballast Water Management purposes; andtreated for Ballast Water Management purposes; and

discharged into the sea. It should also record when Ballastdischarged into the sea. It should also record when Ballast

Water is discharged to a reception facility and accidental orWater is discharged to a reception facility and accidental or

other exceptional discharges of Ballast Waterother exceptional discharges of Ballast Water

The specific requirements for ballast water management areThe specific requirements for ballast water management are

contained in regulation Bcontained in regulation B--3 Ballast Water Management for3 Ballast Water Management for

Ships:. Ships constructed before 2009 with a ballast waterShips:. Ships constructed before 2009 with a ballast water

capacity of between 1500 and 5000 cubic metres must conductcapacity of between 1500 and 5000 cubic metres must conduct

ballast water management that at least meets the ballast waterballast water management that at least meets the ballast water

exchange standards or the ballast water performance standardsexchange standards or the ballast water performance standards

until 2014, after which time it shall at least meet the ballastuntil 2014, after which time it shall at least meet the ballast

water performancewater performance


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. Ships constructed before 2009 with a ballast water capacity of. Ships constructed before 2009 with a ballast water capacity of

less than 1500 or greater than 5000 cubic metres must conductless than 1500 or greater than 5000 cubic metres must conduct

ballast waterballast water

management that at least meets the ballast watermanagement that at least meets the ballast waterexchange standards or the ballast waterexchange standards or the ballast waterperformance standards until 2016, after whichperformance standards until 2016, after whichtime it shall at least meet the ballast watertime it shall at least meet the ballast waterperformance standard.performance standard.

. Ships constructed in or after 2009 with a ballast water. Ships constructed in or after 2009 with a ballast water

capacity of less than 5000 cubic metres must conduct ballastcapacity of less than 5000 cubic metres must conduct ballast

water management that at least meets the ballast waterwater management that at least meets the ballast water

performance standard.performance standard.

..


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Under Regulation BUnder Regulation B--4 Ballast Water Exchange, all ships using ballast water exchange4 Ballast Water Exchange, all ships using ballast water exchange

shouldshould

:: .. whenever possible, conduct ballast water exchange at least 200whenever possible, conduct ballast water exchange at least 200

nautical miles from the nearest land and in water at least 200 metresnautical miles from the nearest land and in water at least 200 metres

in depth, taking into account Guidelines developed by IMO;in depth, taking into account Guidelines developed by IMO;

.. in cases where the ship is unable to conduct ballast water exchange.. in cases where the ship is unable to conduct ballast water exchange

as above, this should be as far from the nearest land as possible, andas above, this should be as far from the nearest land as possible, and

in all cases at least 50 nautical miles from the nearest land and inin all cases at least 50 nautical miles from the nearest land and in

water at least 200 metres in depthwater at least 200 metres in depth..

When these requirements cannot be met areas may be designated where shipsWhen these requirements cannot be met areas may be designated where ships

can conduct ballast water exchange. All ships shall remove and dispose ofcan conduct ballast water exchange. All ships shall remove and dispose of

sediments from spaces designated to carry ballast water in accordance with thesediments from spaces designated to carry ballast water in accordance with the

provisions of the ships' ballast water management plan (Regulation Bprovisions of the ships' ballast water management plan (Regulation B--4).4).


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AnnexAnnex -- Section C Additional measuresSection C Additional measures

A Party, individually or jointly with other Parties,A Party, individually or jointly with other Parties,

may impose on ships additional measures to prevent, reduce, ormay impose on ships additional measures to prevent, reduce, or

eliminate the transfer of Harmful Aquatic Organisms and Pathogenseliminate the transfer of Harmful Aquatic Organisms and Pathogens

through ships' Ballast Water and Sediments.through ships' Ballast Water and Sediments.

In these cases, the Party or Parties should consult with adjoining orIn these cases, the Party or Parties should consult with adjoining or

nearby States that may be affected by such standards or requirementsnearby States that may be affected by such standards or requirements

and should communicate their intention to establish additionaland should communicate their intention to establish additional

measure(s) to the Organization at least 6 months, except in emergencymeasure(s) to the Organization at least 6 months, except in emergency

or epidemic situations, prior toor epidemic situations, prior to

the projected date of implementation of the measure(s). Whenthe projected date of implementation of the measure(s). When

appropriate, Parties will have to obtain the approval of IMO.appropriate, Parties will have to obtain the approval of IMO.


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AnnexAnnex -- Section D Standards for Ballast WaterSection D Standards for Ballast Water

ManagementManagement

There is a ballast water exchange standard and aThere is a ballast water exchange standard and a

ballast water performance standard. Ballast water exchangeballast water performance standard. Ballast water exchange

could be used to meet the performance standard:could be used to meet the performance standard:

RegulationRegulation DD--ll BallastBallast WaterWater ExchangeExchange StandardStandard -- ShipsShips performingperforming BallastBallast WaterWaterexchangeexchange shallshall dodo soso withwith anan efficiencyefficiency ofof

95 per cent volumetric exchange of Ballast Water. For ships exchanging ballast water95 per cent volumetric exchange of Ballast Water. For ships exchanging ballast water

by the pumpingby the pumping--through method, pumping through three times thethrough method, pumping through three times the

volume of each ballast water tank shall be considered to meet thevolume of each ballast water tank shall be considered to meet thestandard described. Pumping through less than three times the volumestandard described. Pumping through less than three times the volume

may be accepted provided the ship can demonstrate that at least 95may be accepted provided the ship can demonstrate that at least 95

percent volumetric exchange is met.percent volumetric exchange is met.


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Regulation DRegulation D--2 Ballast Water Performance2 Ballast Water Performance

StandardStandard -- Ships conducting ballast waterShips conducting ballast watermanagement shall discharge less than 10 viablemanagement shall discharge less than 10 viable

organisms per cubic metre greater than or equal toorganisms per cubic metre greater than or equal to

50 micrometres in minimum dimension and less50 micrometres in minimum dimension and less

than 10 viable organisms per milliliter less than 50than 10 viable organisms per milliliter less than 50

micrometres in minimum dimension and greatermicrometres in minimum dimension and greater

than or equal to 10than or equal to 10


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Review of standardsReview of standards

Under regulation DUnder regulation D--5 Review of Standards by the5 Review of Standards by the

Organization, IMO is required to review the Ballast WaterOrganization, IMO is required to review the Ballast Water

Performance Standard, taking into account a number ofPerformance Standard, taking into account a number of

criteria including safety considerations; environmentalcriteria including safety considerations; environmental

acceptability, i.e., not causing more or greateracceptability, i.e., not causing more or greater

environmental impacts than it solves; practicability, i.e.,environmental impacts than it solves; practicability, i.e.,

compatibility with ship design anj operations; costcompatibility with ship design anj operations; cost

effectiveness; and biological effectiveness in terms ofeffectiveness; and biological effectiveness in terms of

removing, or otherwiseremoving, or otherwise


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rendering inactive harmful aquatic organisms and pathogens inrendering inactive harmful aquatic organisms and pathogens in

ballast water. The review should include a determination ofballast water. The review should include a determination of

whether appropriate technologies are available to achieve thewhether appropriate technologies are available to achieve the

standard, an assessment of the above mentioned criteria, anc anstandard, an assessment of the above mentioned criteria, anc an

assessment of the socioassessment of the socio--economic effect(s) specifically ineconomic effect(s) specifically in

relation to the developmental needs c developing countries,relation to the developmental needs c developing countries,

particularly small island developing States.particularly small island developing States.

AnnexAnnex-- Section E Survey and CertificationSection E Survey and Certification

Requirements for Ballast Water ManagementRequirements for Ballast Water Management GivesGives

requirements for initial renewal, annual, intermediate andrequirements for initial renewal, annual, intermediate and

renewal surveys and certification requirements. Appendices giverenewal surveys and certification requirements. Appendices give

form of Ballast WatE Management Certificate and Form ofform of Ballast WatE Management Certificate and Form of

Ballast Water Record Book.Ballast Water Record Book.


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micrometres in minimum dimension; and discharge of the indicator microbes shall notmicrometres in minimum dimension; and discharge of the indicator microbes shall not

exceed the specified concentrations.exceed the specified concentrations.

The indicator microbes, as a human health standard, include, but are not be limited to: a.The indicator microbes, as a human health standard, include, but are not be limited to: a.

Toxicogenic Vibrio cholerae (01 and 0139) with less than 1 colony forming unitToxicogenic Vibrio cholerae (01 and 0139) with less than 1 colony forming unit

(cfu) per 100 milliliters or less than 1 cfu per 1 gram (wet(cfu) per 100 milliliters or less than 1 cfu per 1 gram (wet

weight) zooplankton samples;weight) zooplankton samples;

b. Escherichia coli less than 250 cfu per 100 milliliters;b. Escherichia coli less than 250 cfu per 100 milliliters;

c. Intestinal Enterococci less than 100 cfu per 100 milliliters.c. Intestinal Enterococci less than 100 cfu per 100 milliliters.

Ballast Water Management systems must be approved by the Administration inBallast Water Management systems must be approved by the Administration in

accordance with IMO Guidelines (Regulation Daccordance with IMO Guidelines (Regulation D--3 Approval requirements for Ballast3 Approval requirements for Ballast

Water Management systems). These include systems which make useWater Management systems). These include systems which make use of Waterof Water.. chemicals or biocides; make use of organisms or biological mechanisms; or which alterchemicals or biocides; make use of organisms or biological mechanisms; or which alter

the chemical or physical characteristics of the Ballastthe chemical or physical characteristics of the Ballast


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Prototype technologiesPrototype technologies

Regulation DRegulation D--4 covers Prototype Ballast Water Treatment Technologies. It4 covers Prototype Ballast Water Treatment Technologies. It

allows for ships participating in a programme approved by the Administrationallows for ships participating in a programme approved by the Administration

to test and evaluate promising Ballast Water treatment technologies to have ato test and evaluate promising Ballast Water treatment technologies to have a

leeway of five years before having to comply with the requirements.leeway of five years before having to comply with the requirements.

Resolutions adopted by the ConferenceResolutions adopted by the Conference


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The Conference also adopted four resolutions:The Conference also adopted four resolutions:

. Conference resolution 1: Future work by the Organization. Conference resolution 1: Future work by the Organization

pertaining to the International Convention for the Control andpertaining to the International Convention for the Control and

Management of Ships' Ballast Water and SedimentsManagement of Ships' Ballast Water and Sediments

. Conference resolution 2: The use of decisionmaking tools. Conference resolution 2: The use of decisionmaking tools

when reviewing the standards pursuant to Regulation Dwhen reviewing the standards pursuant to Regulation D--55

. Conference resolution 3: Promotion of technical. Conference resolution 3: Promotion of technical coco--operation andoperation andassistanceassistance

.. ConferenceConference resolutionresolution 44:: ReviewReview ofof thethe AnnexAnnex t

ballast water treatment project

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