baltex bridge cloud campaign part 2. guide what is bbc2? why bbc2? instrumentation organisation
TRANSCRIPT
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BALTEX BRIDGE Cloud Campaign
part 2
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Guide What is BBC2? Why BBC2? Instrumentation Organisation
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What is BBC2? Large international measurement campaign
100 researchers, 20 institutes, 5 countries Additional instrumentation in Cabauw Tethered balloons Aircraft Lead by KNMI Natural follow-up of BBC (Augustus-September
2001) April - May 2003 Topics: Cloud, aerosols, radiation and there
interactions
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Why BBC2? Improve the estimates of change of climate
based on climate model runs: 1.4 – 5.8K temperature
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Why BBC2? uncertainties can largely be attributed to
shortcomings in the representation of cloud related processes in GCMs
International Panel on Climate Change: improve the representation of clouds in climate
models increase knowledge of cloud related processes need for dedicated highly accurate
measurements of cloud properties
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FI-HO-ASG-004 / Mid Term Review / 22. May 2002 5 © Astrium
Redistribution of Solar and Terrestrial Radiation
Incoming Solar Radiation = 100% (342 W m-2 global mean)Peixoto and Oort, 1992; CCF 67%, IR, Energy transport
Redistribution of Solar and TerrestrialRadiation
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Clouds and climate change Low level clouds cool the earth High level clouds warm the earth
Future cloud climatology increase low level clouds = negative feedback increase high level clouds = positive feedback
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Clouds and climate models Cloud cover fraction
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FI-HO-ASG-02 26 October 2001 14 © Astrium
Vertically Integrated Clod Water(Liquid and Solid Phase)
Clouds and climate models
Liquid water pathWater path
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BBC2 main topics Radiative transport in inhomogeneous cloud fields Improvement measurement techniques
Synergy: Lidars, radars, microwave radiometers, .. Satellite retrievals (MSG, AVHRR, SCIAMACHY)
Improvement of cloud representation in models Focus on boundary layer clouds
Radiation and aerosols
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Radiative transport in inhomogeneous cloud fields
Inhomogenous clouds
Model: plane parallel homogeneous clouds
Different Photon Paths: Absorption, angular distribution
Boundary layer clouds Homogeneous plane parallel clouds
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Radiative transport in inhomogeneous cloud fields
Inhomogenous clouds
Model: plane parallel homogeneous clouds
Different Photon Paths: Absorption, angular distribution
Boundary layer clouds Homogeneous plane parallel clouds
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Cloud Cover [octas]
GCM’s
Transmissivity versus Cloud Cover, Cabauw
Radiative transport in inhomogeneous cloud fields
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Improvement of measurement techniques
Ground based instruments - Oxygen A band spectrometer
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Improvement of measurement techniques Ground based instruments - synergetic
methods
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MSG retrieval validation
Framework CM SAF
cloud top temperature,
phase, liquid water,
optical properties
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Improvement of measurement techniques Satellite based instruments
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adiabat
Data provided by: S. Rodts, Delft University, thesis available from:http://www.phys.uu.nl/~www.imau/ShalCumDyn/Rodts.html
Improving cloud representation in models
Understanding entrainment
in boundary layer clouds
(SCMS Florida 1995)
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Verification (with LES)
Cloud cover
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Cloud cover
Verification (with Observations)
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Aerosols and radiation
Plaatje Wouter
810W/m2; aerosol optical thickness 0.3; IWV known
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BBC2 - Participants Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute, KNMI Meteorological Institute University of Utrecht, IMAU
CESAR partners: RIVM, TUD, ECN, TNO/FEL, WU, ESA, TUE
4D-wolken partners GKSS, Uni. Bonn, Berlin, Leipzig, Heidelberg, Kiel
Aicraft consortium MeteoFrance, UK MetOffice, FU Berlin, Uni. Leipzig INTA (Spanish)
Additional Centre d’électronique de l’armement LOA (Uni Lille), Uni Leeds, ..
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Cabauw - CESARCabauw Experimental Site for Atmospheric ResearchRadars 1.2 GHz radar (KNMI)
3 GHz radar (TUD) 35 GHz radar (KNMI)
Lidars Lidar (RIVM) Lidar ceilometer (KNMI) CIMEL (TNO/FEL)
Microwave 22 channel microwave radiometer (Uni. Bonn)
20,30,50 GHz microwave rad. (TUE) Sodar/RASS (KNMI)
GPS receiver (TUD)Rain gauges (WU)Scintillometer (WU)
Instrumentation for land/atmosphere interaction studies
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BBC2-Cabauw-extraRadars 94 GHz cloud radar MIRACLE (GKSS)
24 GHz Micro rain radars (WU, 2x Uni. Bonn)
Lidars Raman-lidar, ARAS (GKSS) Microwave MICCY (Uni. Bonn) 20, 30, 50GHZ radiometer (ESA/ESTEC) 13GHZ Radiometer (ESA/ESTEC) Commercial microwave radiometer (RPG) Sodar/RASS Ift Leipzig
Camera Infra-red cameras (France)
Tethered balloons: IMAU, Leipzig (microphysics)
Radiosondes: 4 per day, Army (land forces)
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BBC2-Cabauw-extra
Radiation components: Fluxes (BSRN upgrade, KNMI)
Oxygen-A band spectrometers (Uni. Heidelberg) Albedometer (IfT Leipzig) Sunphotometer (IfT Leipzig) SunPhotometer CIMEL (TNO/FEL) Narrow beam spectrometer (FUB) UV Spectrometer (RIVM)
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MAPSY Balloon Uni. Leipzig
Length: 21.2 m; Diameter: 6.54m; Volume: 450m3
Max. Height: 1500m; Max. Payload: 150kg
Instruments
Meteorological parameters Wind vector at 300HzPVM (LWC, Reff)Fast FSSP (n(r))Condensation Particle Counter
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BBC2-Aircraft
Merlin (Meteo France)
Partenavia (IfT Leipzig)
CASA (INTA)
Dornier (UK MetOffice)
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BBC2-Aircraft: Merlin IV (Meteo France)
Cloud -physics (GKSS)•Fast FSSP•FSSP 100, extended range•2D-C•2D-P•Nevzorow probe•PVM•King probe•CCN counter (optional)•Fast w,q,T•DIRAM (IMAU)
Various other radiation
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BBC2-Aircraft: Partenavia (IfT Leipzig)
Meteorological parameters
MicrophysicsOptical particle counter (Aerosol size)PVM (LWC and Reff)
Nevzorov (LWP, TWC)
Radiation components Spectral resolved fluxs up-down
(0.3 – 1 micron) Spectral resolved actinic fluxes
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BBC2-Aircraft: CASA (INTA)
Radiation (FUB)- FUBISS (spectrograph)- MIDAC (FTIR)- Casi (imaging spectrograph) IR imagers (INTA) Airborn version of POLDER MiniMIR (polarization at 0.6 and 1.6micron)
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BBC2 - Flight tracks
Type 1: Water clouds over land Cabauw - parallel to the wind Aircraft under, in and on top of cloud layer No-precipitation, no cirrus, satellite overpass.
Type 2: Cloud free conditions Surface characteristics (thermal and optical) Aerosol
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BBC2 - Flight tracks
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BBC2 – Flight plan
3 aircraft flying in concert
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BBC2 – Flight plan
3 aircraft flying in concert
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BBC2 – Organisation In the early morning cloud forecast
When, where, why? Wind direction and speed, cloud altitude Precipitation? cirrus? Cloud top below freezing level?
Flight Planning Meteorologist Internet + MWS Consultation of aviation meteorologist
Rotterdam Update (model runs, observations (Cabauw)) Decision Air Trafic Control (Amsterdam) / KLU (Nieuw
Millingen)
In flight changes
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BBC2 – Organisation Local Organising Committee
Arnout Feijt Irene Das Pier Siebesma Wim Hovius Henk Klein Baltink Wouter Knap
Contributors FPMs, WA, WM, Uni. Bonn, ..
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BBC2 summary Large international campaign
clouds, radiation, aerosols April - May 2003 Fits IPCC recommendations Well embedded in aims Atmos. Res.
Dept. CESAR www.knmi.nl/samenw/bbc2/
Open to suggestionsfor extention
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BBC2 additional topics Rain
Micro and macrostructure
Cirrus clouds SCIAMACHY validation Orientation
Turbulent structure of the convective boundary layer
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BBC2 SCIAMACHY validation
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BBC2 SCIAMACHY validation
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BBC2 GOME validation
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BBC2 Turbulent structure of the convective boundary layer
Goals- Understand the atmospheric budgets of wind, temperature, humidity and carbon dioxide. Assess the added value of turbulence characteristics derived from ground based remote sensing sensors, i.e. windprofiler for clear sky part and cloud radar for boundary layer clouds. How- Observe the profiles of fluxes in the convective boundary layer with a suite of ground based en tower based in-situ observations, remote sensing observation, ballon observations and airplane observations.- Use detailed boundary layer models for interpretation of the observations.