GUIDED BY : - presented by : - PROF. V. R. SHAH unadkat vishal k. mrs. Dhara shah sd - 2010 mrs.aanal shah

SANTHOSH CBAMBOO AS STRUCTURAL MATERIALCONTENTSIntroductionBamboo species in GujaratTerminologyPreservation of bamboo for structural purposesMethods of test for bambooDesign guide lines as per Bureau of Indian standardsApplication of bamboo in various projectsReferences

INTRODUCTIONMore than 100 species of bamboo are native to India and a few of them are solid but most them are weak in structure.

All of them are systematically tested so far.

Out of them 16 species are recommended for structural usage in round form.

BAMBOO RESOURCES IN INDIA4SpeciesStates/UTsBambusa arundinaceaArunachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Orissa, Maharashtra, Himachal Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh and GujaratBambusa balcooaArunachal Pradesh, MizoramBambusa pallidaArunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Mizoram, TripuraBambusa tuldaArunachal Pradesh, Assam, Mizoram, Nagaland, TripuraBambusa polymorphaTripuraDendrocalamus hamiltoniiArunachal Pradesh, Assam,Mizoram, NagalandDendrocalamus longispathusMizoramDendrocalamus strictusAndhra Pradesh, Assam, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Himachal Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Manipur, Orissa, Karnatak, Uttar Pradesh, RajasthanMelocanna bambusoidesAssam, Mizoram, Nagaland, Tripura, Manipur, MeghalayaNeebenzia balcooaNagalandOxytenanthera nigrociliataTripura, AssamOxytenanthera parvifloraAssamPseudostachyus polymorphiumArunachal PradeshPolystachia pargracileOrissaSPECIES IN GUJARAT There are 22 species of bamboos reported from the State; the dominant species are Bambusa arundinacea (Katas or Thorny bamboo) and Dendrocalamus strictus (Manvel or Solid bamboo).

Dendrocalamus strictus is economically the most important. It is found in the dry forests over a large part of the State. Bambusa arundinacea is found in mixed moist forests as well as in the moist dry forest of the State.

Forest DivisionDistrictForest areaBamboo bearing areaValsad(S)Valsad557365Valsad(N)Valsad & Navsari628426Dang (S)Dang475451Dang(N)Dang563563VyaraSurat937933Rajpipla(W)Surat/ Bharuch709543Rajpipla(E)Narmada1,163896ChhotaudepurVadodara723162GodhraPanchmahals1,106417BariaDahod884602Sabarkantha(S)Sabarkantha587214BanaskanthaBanaskantha1,107165JunagadhJunagadh38291PorbandarPorbandar19239Total5,867Distribution of bamboo bearing area in Gujarat (in sq. km)

Dendrocalamus strictus

Local namesNakur bans, Kiri bidiru GUJARAT

Habitat & distributionFound normally, in dry, open forests. Widely distributed, it is the most common bamboo in India.

CulmThe culm is up to 10 m tall, erect but slightly arched at the top.

UsesThe culms are used as building material and for making furniture, mats, basketry and implements. Introduction continued.Bambusa bambos

Habitat & distributionPrefers rich and moist soil, and thrives near perennial rivers and valleys. Found almost throughout India, and is common in Central and South India.

CulmThe culm is up to 30 meters tall, cylindrical, dark green, erect, strong and hollow. UsesIt is used as raw material for pulp and paper, to make panel products and handicrafts, and for thatching and roofing.Introduction continued.

Introduction continued.GROUPING

16 species of bamboo recommended for structural applications are classified in three groups on the basis of their strength properties namely

Modulus of elasticity(E) in green conditionModulus of rupture (R)Maximum compressive strength (fc max)

Introduction continued.GROUPMODULUS OF RUPTURE(R)N/mm2

MODULUS OF ELASTICITY(E)103 N/mm2MAX. COMPRESSIVESTRENGTHN/mm2GROUP A

R> 70E> 9MCS> 35GROUP B70 >= R >509 >= E >6 35 > MCS >30GROUP C50 >=R > 306 >= E > 330 >= MCS > 25COMPARISION

TERMINOLOGYBAMBOO :- Tall perennial grasses found in tropical and sub-tropical regions.

BAMBOO CULM :- A single shoot of bamboo usually hollow except at nodes which are often swollen.

CROSS WALL :- A wall at the node closing the wall inside circumference and completely separating the hollow cavity below from that above. Terminology continued.SLIVER :- Thin strips of bamboo processed from bamboo culm.

BAMBOO MAT BOARD :- A board of two or more bamboo mats bonded with an adhesive.

CURVATURE :- The deviation from the strightness of the culm.

Terminology continued.NODE :- The slab in a bamboo culm where branches sprout and a diaphragm is inside the culm and the walls on both sides of node are thicker.

LENGTH OF INTERNODE :- Distance between the adjacent nodes.

Terminology continued.SPLITS :- The pieces made from the quarters by dividing the quarters radially and cutting longitudinally.

TAPER :- The ratio of the difference between minimum and maximum outer diameter to length.

WALL THICKNESS :- Half the difference between outer diameter and inner diameter of the piece at any cross section.

PRESERVATION OF BAMBOOVarious recommended preservatives are given below :-

Coal Tar Creosote :- This is a fraction of coal tar with boiling point range 200.c and widely used admixed with fuel oil.

Copper- Chrome-Arsenic composition :- Composition of Copper Sulphate CuSO4.5H20, arsenic pentoxide As2O5.2H2O and Sodium dichromate Na2Cr2O7.2H2O in proportion of 3:1:4. Preservation continued.Acid-Cupric-Chromate Composition :- Composition of this preservative comprises of 1.68 parts chromic acid Cr2O3,50 parts of copper sulphate CuSO4.5H2O and 47.5 parts of sodium dichromate Na2Cr2O7.2H2O.

Copper-Chrome-Boron Composition :- Composition of this preservative comprises of boric acid H3BO3, copper sulphate CuSO4.5H2O and sodium dichromate Na2Cr2O7.2H2O in proportion of 1.5:3:4. Preservation continued.Boric-Acid-Borax :- This has been used successfully against lyctus borers. A mixture in ratio of 1:1.5 is found more suitable.

Copper-Zinc-Napthenate :- These are copper and zinc salts of napthenic acid.

1. Surface application ( brushing, dipping)2. Hot & Cold Method3. Boucheire Process5. Inter Nodal Injection4. Diffusion ProcessMETHODS OF TREATMENT21METHODS OF TEST FOR BAMBOOFollowing are the physical and mechanical properties of round bambooPhysical PropertiesMoisture ContentBasic mass per volume or densityShrinkageMechanical PropertiesStatic bending strengthCompressive strength parallel to grainTensile strength parallel to grainShear Strength parallel to grain

MOISTURE CONTENTThe test specimen shall be about 25mm in length and 25 mm in width and having full wall thickness.

It shall be weighed (mi) and then dried in a hot air oven at a temperature of 103 c for 24 h.

The weighing shall be carried out and recorded every 2 h until the difference between successive weighing does not exceed 0.01 g, when drying shall be completed.

The final mass shall be considered as the oven dry mass (m0)

Moisture Content percentage= (mi m0/ mi) x 100

BASIC MASS PER VOLUME OR DENSITYPlace a beaker containing water on a top-pan balance and tare the weight to zero.

The test specimen attached to a sharp needle shall then be completely immersed in water while ensuring that specimen does not touch the beaker.

Considering the specific gravity of water as 1, displaced water mass reading shall be considered as the volume of the test specimen in (Vg).

Mass per volume = (m0/Vg)x100DESIGN CONSIDERATIONBASIC REQUIREMENTSA structure shall be designed and constructed by personnel having the appropriate skill and experience in such a way that,

With appropriate probability, it will remain fit for the use for which it is required, having due regard to its intended life and costs.

The structure will be adequately maintained.

The structure shall be used in accordance with design limits brief.

SELECTION OF BAMBOOThe following factors should be considered in the selection of bamboo culms (whole plants) for use as reinforcement in concrete structures:

Use only bamboo showing a pronounced brown color. This will insure that the plant is at least three years old.

Select the longest large diameter culms available.

Do not use whole culms of green, unseasoned bamboo.

Avoid bamboo cut in spring or early summer. These culms are generally weaker due to increased fiber moisture content. COLUMNSColumns and struts are essential components sustaining compressive forces in a structure. They transfer load to the supporting media.

Design of column shall be based on one of the following criteria

Full scale buckling test on same species, size and other relevant variables.

Calculations based on the following.The moment of inertia shall be determined as follows

Columns continuedThe outer diameter and the wall thickness shall be measured at both ends, correct up to 1 mm for diameter of culm and 0.1 mm for the wall thickness.

With these values the mean diameter and the mean thickness for the middle of the column shall be calculated and moment of inertia determined.

For bamboo columns the best available straight bamboo culms shall be selected.

The bending stresses due to initial curvature, eccentricities and induced deflection shall be taken into account, in addition to those due to lateral load.

Columns continuedFor strength and stability, larger diameter thick walled sections of bamboo with closely spaced nodes shall be used. Alternatively, smaller sections may be tied together as a bundle-column.

APPLICATION OF BAMBOO IN PROJECTS

National Institute of Fashion Technology, Kangra, Himachal PradeshNMBA has designed classroom structures for NIFT.

National Institute of Fashion Technology has opened a centre at Kangra, Himachal Pradesh. In this regard NMBA has erected classroom structures at their centre at Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, by using engineered bamboo products in their premises.

On the basis of their requirement NMBA has designed twelve class room structures of size 32x26 incl 6 verandah having bamboo composite framework & engineered bamboo based false ceiling & wall panels. These structures have been well appreciated by NIFT authorities and are already in regular use. APPLICATION OF BAMBOO IN PROJECTS

SOUTH CAMPUS (DELHI UNIVERSITY)NMBA has designed a canteen structure for Delhi University.

Delhi University is in process of massive expansion of infrastructure like classrooms, hostels, cafeteria and other facilities.

In this regard on demonstration basis NMBA has erected a canteen structure at South Campus by using engineered bamboo products in their premises for the showcase.

On the basis of their requirement NMBA has designed a canteen structure of size 32x84 having steel framework, Bamboo jute composite roofing sheets & engineered bamboo based false ceiling & double wall panels.

APPLICATION OF BAMBOO IN PROJECTS

STRUCTURES FOR 96TH INDIAN SCIENCE CONGRESS, SHILLONG96th Indian Science Congress had been held from 3rd Jan. to 7th Jan. 2009 at North Eastern Hills University, Shillong.Meghalaya for which 50 nos. of one room set (22'x12'), 50 nos. of two room set (32'x24') & 10 nos. of dormitories (60'x20') had been constructed in cluster by using Engineered bamboo based materials for the accommodation of 550 delegates for the conference. These structures will be utilized for the accommodation for the future upcoming conferences/seminars and faculty.

APPLICATION OF BAMBOO IN PROJECTS

Dantewada, Chhattisgarh

Forty Eight Residential School Buildings are in under construction at very remote areas of Dantewada District, Chhattisgarh in collaboration with Rajeev Gandhi ShikshaN Mission. Chhattisgarh through technical & financial assistance by NMBA for the construction of these prefabricated structures for hostel accommodation. The structure consists of MS framework, GI roofing sheets engineered bamboo wall panels and bamboo false ceiling.

REFERENCESBOOKDesign and building with bamboo by:- Jules J.A.Jansse

CODESBureau of Indian standards CED 13(7702)WC- 2009Preservation of bamboo for structural purposes- IS 9096 : 2006Tests for bamboo IS 6874 : 2008REFERENCESWEB SITES

http://www.wondergrass.in

http://www.inbar.inthttp://www.bambootech.org

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