bangladesh fish processing
TRANSCRIPT
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Bangladesh Fish Processing
Abstract: Bangladesh fishery industry contributes 4.39% to the GDP, 23.00% to theagricultural GDP, and 6% to the total export value, and modern fish processing inthis country needs new fish processing equipment and technologies.
I. Fishery Is A Superior Industry in BangladeshBangladesh has 4.7 million hectares of inland water areas, and 166,000 squarekilometers marine areas for exclusive economic zone. At the same time, the uniqueclimate of available sunlight and temperature throughout the year as well as waterfertility in Bangladesh offer advantaged conditions to fish growth and production.Bangladeshis are traditionally fish-eating people. Fishes play a crucial role in theBangladesh diet, and fish supply in Bangladesh meets 60% of the domestic animalprotein consumption. Fishery is an important industry in Bangladesh that contributes4.39% to the GDP, 23.00% to the agricultural GDP, and 6% to the total export value.In 2010-2011, around 3.1 million metric tons of fish was caught in the country,comprising 2.5 million metric tons of freshwater fish and 0.6 million metric tons ofsaltwater fish. From 2011 to 2012, the total amount of aquatic products is 3.26 milliontons, and the amount of foreign exchange earning by exporting aquatic products is2.46%.Fish (including shrimp and prawn) is the second most valuable agricultural crop, andits production conduces to the livelihoods and employment. In Bangladesh, there are1.3 million people directly working by fishery for a living, and the other 10 millionpeople doing the work related to fishery.
II. Bangladesh Holds Fishery Resources with Wide VarietyBangladesh’s fishery production can be classified into marine fishery production, andinland fishery production that is divided into open waters and enclosed waters. Thus,based on the production water areas, Bangladesh’s fish resources can be divided intomarine and freshwater fishes & shrimps, 300 species of fish and 20 species of shrimpsinvolved. 1. The most common species is ilish, a kind of national fish.2. The major and minor indigenous carps are katla, rohu, mrigel, kalbasu; and bata,reba, nandin, gonia. Introduced exotic species are silver carps, grass carp, bigheadcarp, black carp, common carp, silver barb, Tilapia and Mahseer. Among these carps,rohu, katla, mrigal, and silver carp account for about 74% of pond production.3. Other major culture species in Bangladesh include the grass carp, common carp,tilapia and Pangas.4. The shrimps have two kinds: the brackish water shrimp, like the sugpo prawn,brown shrimp, Indian prawn; the fresh water shrimp, like the macrobrachiumrosenbergii.
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Fisheries Resources
Inland Open-waters (capture fishery)
4047316ha 84.75%Total Inland Area: 4575706ha
100.00%Inland Closed-waters (culture fishery)
528390ha 15.25%
Marine Waters 166,000 sq kmIII. Fish Products Processing in Bangladesh3.1 Processing on fishing boatUsually, the deep-sea fishing trawlers and mechanized fish boats are equipped withbasic fish processing machines and cold-store facilities to manage the fishes on thespot. But the small-scale (non mechanized) fishing boat has no fish processingequipment, the caught fishes and shrimps are stored with ice, and then they aredelivered to fish processing plants or distributors to have further processing.3.2 Fish processing plantsBefore 1971, there were 9 fish processing plants in Bangladesh, and all of these plantswere engaged in fish products production for exporting to Europe and the USA. In1972-1984, 40 processing plants were installed by the private sector mostly undergovernment initiation and bank loan support to promote the vision of exports toEurope and the USA. In 1985-1998, 72 more processing plants were established bythe private sector for processing and exporting shrimp and fish products for anextended business around the world.
There are 133 aquatic products processing plants in Bangladesh currently, of which 74plants are under regular surveillance by EU member state and U.S. Food and DrugAdministration (FDA) officials to ensure food safety requirements are met. And mostof the processing plants are located in port cities (Khulna and Chittagong). In themean time, HACCP (Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point) has been introduced
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in the plants for fish processing.3.3 Modern fish processing needs new machinery and technologyWith the development of fishery industry of Bangladesh, the need for new machineryand technology of modern fish products processing is obvious. So the fish processingplants in the country keep introducing as well as developing advanced facilities andtechnologies to help a high-quality fish products production. And the fish processingmachines has been improved to meet the international standard, such as the fishcleaning machine (fish should be washed and cleaned properly before handling inplants), fish descaling machine, fish skinning machine, and fish meat separatingmachine, etc.; as a traditional practice in Bangladesh, dried fish and fish mealproduction is also bettered a lot nowadays by using advanced fish meat dryingmachines; frozen fishes and shrimps is one of the major fish products of Bangladesh,the advanced refrigerating equipment is necessary.
IV. Fish Products Exports of BangladeshThe main import countries of Bangladesh fish products are European countries, theUS and Japan, and these three markets has a 98% import share of the total exportvalue in Bangladesh. The rest 2% fishery products are mainly exported to SoutheastAsian countries and Middle East countries.Modern fish processing of Bangladesh is done almost entirely for the export market,with shrimp processing holding almost 80% of that segment. In July/June fiscal year2011-2012, Bangladesh exported $598 million worth of fish and seafood, with shrimpcontributing $472 million of the total. And the export product scale comprises 72%unprocessed products (frozen whole), 24% prepared/processed and 4% other products(frozen freshwater fish). The major aquatic products for exports in Bangladesh arefrozen prawns, IQF (Individual Quick Freezing) prawns and white meat fishes, PUDand P&D prawn pieces, packed frozen prawns for retail, fresh and frozen hilsa herring,dried/salted and dehydrated fishes, fresh fishes and crabs, and small amount of fishesand shrimps that have additional values.
