BAROQUE

BAROQUEPERIOD

Definition of baroque

1 art : of, relating to, or having the characteristics of a style of artistic expression prevalent especially in the 17th century that is marked generally by use of complex forms, bold ornamentation, and the juxtaposition of contrasting elements often conveying a sense of drama, movement, and tension 2 : characterized by grotesqueness, extravagance, complexity, or flamboyance

It began around 1600 in Rome, Italy and spread throughout Europe. It lasted until around mid 17th century.

FACTS

1stL to R:ColosseumEU FlagMap of ItalyChurch of Santi Luca e Martina4

Baroque may have been derived from the Portugese barocco or the Spanish barueco which means irregularly shaped pearl.It is marked by decisive affirmation of native taste and genius in all the arts.

1st L to R:Medusa by CaravaggioLaocoon and His Sons by Athenodoros of Rhodes, Polydorus of Rhodes, and Agesander of RhodesPortrait of Johannes BachChurch of Santa Engracia by Joao Antunes

2ndBaroque Pearls5

HISTORYEARLY BAROQUE

c. 1590s Baroque was a new Biblical art style to support the Catholic Reformation and convey the miracles and sufferings of the Saints. More emotional and imbued with a greater realism. Initial impetus came from the arrival in Rome of Annibale Carracci and Caravaggio. Their presence sparked a new interest in realism.

TOP to BOTTOM, L to R:

Annibale Carraccis Self Portrait with Father and Nephew AntonioThe Temptation of St Anthony Abbot by Annibale Carracci

The Fortune Teller by CaravaggioCaravaggios self portrait6

HIGH BAROQUE

c. 1630s

Marked by the phenomenal quadraturaGenerally considered the most characteristic mode of 17th century artTime in Baroque where most churches were built and frescoes were paintedProduced an astonishing number and variety of international painters of the first rank, including Rembrandt, Rubens, Velzquez, and Anthony van Dyck

LATE BAROQUE

c. 1660

Italy lost its position of artistic dominance to France and late baroque style was especially popular in Germany and AustriaMassive forms of the baroque yielded to the lighter, more graceful outlines of the rococo

ROCOCO/ROCCOCOc. 1730

Sense of movementEnergyTension (real/ implied)Strong contrast of light and shadowsIntense spiritualityInfinite spaceRealism

FEATURES

Rape of the Daughters of Leucippus

1stL to R:ColosseumEU FlagMap of ItalyChurch of Santi Luca e Martina11

Father of Baroque ArtMany of his paintings were considered vulgar in his time, his blunt realism attracted many followers, often known as Caravaggisti

NOTABLEARTISTS

MICHELANGELO MERISI DE CARAVAGGIO

Known for his use of chiaroscuroSome of his famous works include: The Calling of Saint Matthew, The Cardsharps, Judith Beheading Holofernes, and The Conversion of Saint Paul

The Conversion of Saint Paul

Pope Innocent XSpanish painterCaravaggistiLeading artist in the court of King Philip IV

DIEGO VELAZQUEZOne of the most important painters of the Spanish Golden AgeHe is known for painting Las MeninasSome of his other famous works include: Rokeby Venus, The Surrender of Breda, and Pope Innocent X

Flemish/Netherlandish draughtsman and painterLoved portraying the human emotional and psychological stateHis drawings are mostly extremely forceful but not overly detailed

PETER PAUL RUBENS

Some of his famous works include: The Elevation of the Cross, The Descent from the Cross, Massacre of the Innocents, and The Judgement of Paris

The Judgement of Paris

San Carlo alle Quattro FontaneOne of the greatest architects of the 17th century, and a lifelong rival of BerniniStudent of the architecture of Michelangelo

FRANCESCO BORROMINIOne of the most important painters of the Spanish Golden AgeHe is known for painting Las MeninasSome of his other famous works include: Oratorio dei Filippini, Sant'Agnese in Agone, Sant'Ivo alla Sapienza, and San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane

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