barrenas e hidraulica de perforación
TRANSCRIPT
-
!"##! $"% $"%& '"( )
*+##! ),&%- )% )$
-( )$
%,. )/ .( 0*(.( /#((, 1 $2
3!4
"##! $5
%(, $5!(6%67 $$!((- $/%%(6%, $'
-((66%, $2
-(% 0)
3 *8#4# # 01% 01*(%.% 01-,. 9'
3#!:##4#34# # /5% /53,((%,( /)3,((%,( //
3;+4#4# # '5
-
(?%((%>(((6,-A7%>(%,& ((B(A,@>%((%(,(
,(B(%%B(6(%(A(,C%%>%(6(
"(=%%((C(@% (%%(C%%%(%((%%
((,,>(C6D-,( %%D%7 %C,(?
E4-((6%(,->%(
E4%,%C-E46%67C-(>CF%G
E4%7(.E(%H(C.((.(((
E4((
((,(6E4%,(6(6E4%.(6,E4,(%,(%7%(,E4%,(%-,E4(,F&((#G%%(#%((6%%
(C(B(,,(?(((-C%
(%(,(C>%(%%(%%(%(((C>%((I,B%(C((%6 (% (, -(%(=7%>6%%(,?>%%
4%.(%%7>%(%B(%C%%(%%%(((,
&(B-(.(((>(,%I%>,(,>%I,6B(6C(>%.(%,(%
!!
4%%(,>6)25)((%(,%%%(>%A67B(%(=&>%,(%%7%7.>
-
I%%,(7 = (6& >%A((C
%C%B%-B(>(%%%,>?(%BB((CBB7(%=(@%%
(,%B%%=(6(66!,6B(,>%(-(@(-%(%%%>,&(,. (,(%(
4%,.%(C(>C%(B 7 ( (,(B(6
-
(,=F6)G4%,(,%%-7(((%-(%((C>-(-%(%7((,(&(%%%(, (( %,%6%(%%%=,>B)29)B%7%(7,%6%%,@%B(6&%==((>%%%
(%-@%-(%%7(>%%%>%C-.(,%(.>(K(%B,.(&&%,(=%%
)292B((.%(,(((B((%>%% (,B>(&%((((6(-(,F69G %(,>%,%6%
(.%%(6((6)2/2(%(&%F=((G4%&%&((%,%6%(%%%K%(%B(-(,>((6(
4,%%%%>6,&37>%%%B%%%,%6>%,%% %%%? (%%%B(&%((,
4%%%B%B%.%,(&%B((,%%%%6(((,>F60G
(
#(((G(&(
J10)/2L)59/J19(,M(6
90L25'L$02L19J)$'/(,M(6
)$'/J))0(,M(6
4,
#@% %( %=.((%B.%(,(02N
%>)/M$OI)%>)9M$O$%>)/M$OJPO
$>)/M$O#%J59'256F-%,(.%,B6G
3%J
+(,J51'90@,J51'90Q)19J059(6
0$0; M059(6J)'5; M6F%,(B>7@)G
3J9$0M.(((F>(2G
7((%%%,(=-(
J-(%(B6M
J7((B(,M6
J(CB
J((B6M
!"
#$#%
#$ "
&
&
!"#$%#
$
-
46(,,((%@%.6(&%B>((B,(((=((B(%((,(4&%,(-%(B(6B,,,6B>(=%
4((&=(&%((@%%(%(&>%B%(=, (% ((((&%C4(%(%(,>=((>%@%,B%(C>%(=(%(%
#%(%((,%>%%(%%%%&>%4(%%(%>B,.%(B(%,%6%B(6&((4&%,(((B(,(B,(((=((#==(,>B(,(A,.(%
(%(%%(%.(,> &(B (, ,(BB%(&>
%.AB(>(%.(6((,%%.%(64,B,,&6B%>(%%.,%B&%.6.-6
%(6>%7(%((%%(%B%.%%(6$(%>DB&(%%(,B.((C6>(C%%4(,,(F69G>%%(%-%>,%.6(,.B>6((%%(%>%(,4@%%>%@%(&%> (=( %%&
(%.C%((%(,B,(%((B(&>%-(%,(>.%-%(>%,(B,%(@%(&(F6/G
!"
#
F((65/26%-B)19((((6G
(
J015>)$15F5/2GJ$B$9
J$'B)$)J$B$9(&%,(%
,7
;R
!
&
!
!
#'$#
&
!
&
&!(&
!#$%)$'$#)
'
(
!"
&!(&
!#$%)$'$#)
'
!!#'$#*
-
$
(%.%%(>61(%74>,,>%.-%(B (%%B%6@%
@%%A(?
%.((,(#%(,((,(%(,
(%%(7(>B((6,.>(4&%%.>(C(&%> (C(%(%76,%%&%,%%((B=B>, %%. ( %% %!,6B(6CB(6%,B%&%>%%6
(,%(B(&%%.((%(CB(%,@-I.B(6B(-(%(%B(%(((,,((&(,(%(>&%C,,A%
4&(((((%.A(C(&=4%(,(>%(%,(&=%(6%(>&%%.6%B(%(,(%,%((,((&%B (%(%,%6%>% (=6C#. ((%(&%F,(((GB%(6BB%,((
#,%(,B(&%>((%#7%%&%%-7
%
:J K%,,B6(M J4%-(%(-7%B
(,M)55,J %(%B(46J 46%(J D(B(J ((B6MJD(7%B(J %B( J 7%,7(G
4J 46%%,7B
&(.((A=.(B(>(( (6 S4%T(S(.%"6=T
#((( (6 O(%O
K%7(C
%O /95
")1PO>))
9O>)29(,MB>01/O>09'5
>'O@$O>'5
@%F;RG>9O@$O>))55
>5OBC%>)5555
(?$OB(6>095
(
?)096M$
4/55J'' 4$55J9/3>$
>0(,M)55K(5>0(,M)55",(
7(@>B%>)$55
)O@/O
*.@,M$12$(,M(6>)5,M
(%
3( % > )9MF0M=G
.((=.(?)295#/95
(%%(>$955(,M(6
.(( (%
>#(($96(MM ,
$96(MM "Q)19OJ/)$6(M
$>((((6O(%O
!)!
+!*
+!
!!
'!!
,!!
-
((,.,(>4%%%%>,%6%%-7.(&>%((,((,%&((( &% = -((
-B ( % %>(((%%4.%%((((6FOO 6G.%(>%((C((((&%>-(-(%(%(64=%&>%,%%((6>6 %( (6%%%(6%%&%-.(6(7(%%>%%(
-(&%=%.(-C.(6(,>%4%,B%B%(%((=%%%((%((&%4(>(&%==%%( % ( ,CB (6B,C%%(%>%(%(6%>%%(6%%%>%%6(%%>(,(-(&%(%%%>%
(,((,>%?
E@(,(%,7
E&(&%-%(
E4%%((,%(&%
E4%-%
(%((,6((==.((C.%-( (C#%>%B%%,,6 ( ( %((,((,(%(B(7(,(%=B((%((=%((CF6)G
4,, % %%(((C%,%(C4((>,( (,B-%(%-(B7(((%,,%6%
4,%BB(.%(C (%( (%(B%(?C6B76%A7%A,%%>7%(,%B6%C%(#>%(%%% F#G#%@(((B((,%>%6
4#%(%%% >F#G=((%%>C((,%>((FG!((%F%%GB((>((AF%(,%(%(>%=%(%,(,%
-%%(%,-(%(%% ,>%(#(%F6#GB(%76%B(%
(76% %( %%%%%,
(V J%%B>6M(,>
6M)55
#%J+%,, B(6J %B(,M)55
7(%(%,7
J015>)$15FG
F(&%,(%G
7(%(%,7
!)55B(&%,>(%
-($555B)B555B555
JU(%%((&B(4/55J4%(-7%/554$55J4%(-7%$55KJ K(%B(,M)55
VJ U%B(,@6M)55
3J 3((((%(%,7BM
J .%%(%,B(6K J%6
-
%(%B(>%?
)%,(%$%0% % %6% ,(
9% % %6% ,(
/% % %6%
1%%%6%'%%%6%@>%
(676%%(6C( ((. (,37-B(%?E -E -E E
(%76%%(%%(, (,=(B%?
)%,(,(%.%,M(%A,(%.
$"(%.%((,0"(((%(,,(9"(((%((,/=((1=((%((,' (2%
4%,()%.%6(>CB(6#%%%(((,%
4,%%A(>%(# ( %B %-(B%%7%7>,((%(%B>.(%B-6D(%(,(%7%(,>
%(%(&(,,%6%F%CG,,
%,%,>%%(% ( 4 C @% ( (%%- %B(6%,>B=%-
4,%B@(,> B%,((((%(-==.(>%.A%(((>%-((,%(%(((-76(>F6'G
4%C((>F-76GB(,%%-,(((,=%,%%6>,.B ( (& %%C ( (& (B%,
-
(6%%,B((6&>%&%(-7(>%((>&B7C((>%-(,B(-CB%(> (6(%. ,- ( B.A.(%,(,
!
4#((%(%,%&(%(%?%%(B % >%(%(F G%%F(%%DG,%%7%,.>?
)%*%(((,$ ((,0A=.(((9%,((&/A(%1(%
(%(6#B@%(>%%( ( A , >%?((%B.6( ( (%( %B %%((,(6%(( (,!, %(( % >%%((((,>%B(%%6#
(%,(6%.(%(>%7%
(%,(%(%,%%(6#,%&,=%B(6#,%B(6#,%((( X%BB %%7%.(%(
1er Dgito 2do Dgito 3er Dgito
Sistema de rodamientoSistema deCorte
Dureza
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 91 Suave2 Media Suave3 Media Dura1
Dientes deaceropara
formacinblanda
4 Dura
1 Suave2 Media Suave3 Media Dura2
Dientes deacero paraformacin
media4 Dura
1 Suave2 Media Suave3 Media Dura
Dientes
de
Acero
3Dientes deacero paraformacin
dura4 Dura
1 Suave2 Media Suave3 Media Dura4
Dientes deinserto paraformacin
muy blanda4 Dura
1 Suave2 Media Suave3 Media Dura
5 Dientes deinserto paraformacin
blanda4 Dura
1 Suave6 Dientes de
inserto paraformacin
media1 Suave
2 MediaSuave
3 Media dura
7Dientes deinserto paraformacin
dura
4 Dura
1 Suave
2 MediaSuave
3 Media dura
Dientes
de
Insertos
8Dientes deinserto paraformacin
extradura 4 Dura
TOBERAS
PARA
LODO
Y
BALEROS
ESTANDAR
TOBERAS
AIRE/LODO
Y
BALERO
ESTANDAR
PROTECCIN
AL
CALIBRE
Y
BALERO
ESTANDAR
BALERO
SELLADO
AUTOLUBRICABLE
BALERO
SELLADO
Y
PROTECCIN
AL
CALIBRE
CHUMACERA
SELLADA
CHUMACERA
SELLADA
Y
PROTECCIN
AL
CALIBRE
PARA
PERFORACIN
DIERECCIONAL
OTROS
)#*+!#,-.$
(&%,(%
%-%%%-
(&%,(%
-
(#
4,%%(B(6((%%%B%&%(%CF-6'G(%(&(%%CB(%%%%(>%( (,B >%A((6#
(%,(%(%(>(-(>B%D(>%%(F62G% .% ( ( ,
- F!YGB-C,-F6)5G
(%%%,%B((6(%%>%( %%%(C>%(% %((I(%A-7(%A (,?%.,-(B.A.(>%,4%%(C%%,B6(
(%%(%(,%%D,%((>%(.=%=%(('5N(%%(B%((5N6(%-(C
"#$%
(A(,%%%%(B.B6(>%%(%,7(%>(%B(%(%
/,0*!)1+#2.
)#*+!#3$
,G!(7)$5Y6MB(%(%,,)5Y6MB>( (,'5Y6M,%.%=.(
>,(.@,M(,,,%6%(%B%,&(,,((
$>#( (B (7,&I%,>&(6(A((; =.(
0>(.(((7=%% ( 6 =.( >% 955155%B(6
9>( ( , (6%.6(A=.(
/>-( ( (C (.((=.(
1>#((((0(.(((7>B(%(((-%%%-4->((6%.%%>%,7
'>!((((6(%(
4,%>(04((%4(->(.%"6=
4 -((F(H%G(&(
"6=(&(
6(&%,(%
%
%"#$
(
%
( "#$
%"#$
)
)
-
%%,%%%B%%AB((,%%(4B %A%%7%%,%
%,%,%D(-C7(%(%
4,! 6(% A%%((%%A7A>%,%)55B555.15B555Z%%(%.%
% .(B ,6 %-
-
,%(
G(,.(?%(6>=(%%,,(%%%,(B%%
G!((A=.(?%(=>.(%B7(%(%(B,((C(%(%(,
E"-E"E"(
4,=-->(((>,(%-(6&4%,7(,>(,&%(6&I(=6%B((,,B(=(-(((6&7
,%,&>((,4,=%.A(B6,(B ( %, %.-%%(%(B6,(%-((B((%((4(%%(%.((,(,%(%-%(B%%@%>AB,%(&%
#.B@%%%,(B( ( B7B(%%B.(%-(%%%>?(,(B(,>%%,7-%%B,.%6AB(>%,7(@,(%%
+","
)[:(%B%(C%%%(%((>%
[:(%,
E,(6(6E%.(6,E"(%,(%7%(,E,(%-,E(,F&((#G
$[.(((,\
-(F%C%B,B>-(%(-%C
0[.((%,\
E"%E"%&E"(
-.!!
'#"/
%7%(%(%,.%(%%.(B(%%(.%.>%B7(,(>%(((,
!% -,(B % %,(B ( ((CB,@>%%-(6>%(%,
4.@%=.((,>(%-(,,B,(-((%%I,6B-C((6(-(O(C%OF%(-%(6GB(%(%=>.(&%%(-
4%=.((((,,%(CB%B-(%(((%(%B%,,%,G%(%%>-(%(%(%B&6%-(%=.((,%6(%C(%=.((,>(6%-(C
!@%(=.(( (CF; ;GM6(.(
4(.%(%,(6%(,,
(%A(%,(%% %% ( -(%B%(6% ( (C(6&%,(C(F6%@--,G-(%
(-(% (%>%B((6%C=.(,%%%(6%4(,&%>%(((%,B(67,,
@%(%%(6%(,>,?=6%@-->,B6&B(-(,B%(->(%((; =.(6%,&%?(%(C(6>&B (%B,(% (
,%%@%=%
-
"
B(.((67%(,.%@>((%(%>(A'5C>%(.B(%.(%
4#(((.?O4%(>(%%.((.%%(>%(C(,%7O
-%6,(.,,(B(,(-(67-(B(=%((OO#(6%%(C(.%,C%((,(6FGB%%(.%%B(((B,(%(64((>(.%,&>%(%%(,(>(A%((6%%(67(((.(>%%(
%7%(%((%7%(%%(!%%.@((((>%%,.(CB%,B(> (( ( B ( % ((B (,%(.%((((,%
/$
(B(%7%-(-7=B%%B#((( 6(B (B 6(4%.%%(%Y(%
%%% (%>7%7(((%%(>B7(((,>(-(%
&'
4(67(%(7>B%%%(B7>((((%(=6%(6.(%(C
4%,($%(7(>6 (( % % (
'
(-&
!(,>%( 6(% (((6
)4$-
((%-(%F>)95GB%%I(-(%%.%-((-->(%
()!
!=%,(%(>,,M(-(%%(-(%
(,,(-(%.%%(B( %( ( -,( >(%(%,% (%>%B%.%,.%&%
(%(-(67.>,(,F%(,,>
M-(%G.(%%(-(%I>@%(67=.((6(C%((CF610G %(B%(-(67.%.%6%->,(-(%B((66%(%(%%%%(,
4BW4$$+"("BW B-)215B)$1244BWK"($B>%#% (3( ( B
*B)22$
)0.1!!
%(.B((%>((C((C((%=%(
4(%((>B((((%,(6%(
%.%(6(%>%=.(
(%=.(B%6%B(.@B(%.%
(6%((-(((((%,I%>%B(%(67(((%((C
(%%B,=(.((=.((%((B7>(.%%(%,I%B
-
67
4%67>((6,6.(((%(%(>%(-
66.
4%(6.A>%&(%%7(((%%%B((!,B@%>(B%,%>%%(
4%,(9%6(((>(%6
TIPO DIAMETRO (mm)
CANTO RODADO 265
PEDRUSCOS 64-265
GUIJARROS 4-64
GRANULOS 2-4
ARENA ,ARENISCA 0.062-2
CIENO 0.004-0.062
ARCILLA MENOR A 0.004
%7%)555 %C(%.6((>6B%A>%7%(
G(6
((%(%%%>( ( 6B%> ,(-%(((-
4(.%,% %A46>(B,6((%A(%,(0
))"
CLSTICO QUMICO ORGNICO
CARBONATOS EVAPORITAS
CONGLOMERADOS CALIZA YESO TURBA
ARENISCA DOLOMITA ANHIDRITA CARBN
CIENO SAL DIATOMITA
LUTITA CALIZA
) #$
,(GID@% % .% %C % ,(%%,(>6%(,((&(
(%(,(-(>%%.,%>% ,(,%=%(-(-7%(,,>I%6(C%(,B((C% (. % %6%%F61G
+
4-(%(-((((%%=6(%4-(%@>D%-(>%
(%(-(%>,(-(>%%.%, ( % ( ,,,%%B(%%>(-(%%F61$G
%(61$>-(-(%%%>( (-( %>IB@%(((%, >B((%(->(%(-(> % ( ,%.&(>%@(
%%-B>,.
4/$
$
/
$
-
,G%7%
"=
6%6(%%-%(((
6(
!%%%6%>B6((,=B% &% 6%%%(%%((
(C
%.%B(%B,%(%6.=(%B%,=C(((
(%
(C (%((=(>C6> ((CB >.
%
%((CI>-BB(,(6C%.,%B -(-. % (,((C
(
*%( (7B % 6& %% %%
4%%
%%%((((%%4(%%%B(%%(.,%(
#
%-(-47 ( >% 6% C%,%(B7(>((((6%.6B@(6(
4,((6( ( == % (,((((((C-(*>=%%(,(B>(%B%(B(((%(,%%%%(>%4((,,.%,-%%((%%7% ( B ( B B%%#.B,. %(.(6%,>C-6&(B((%(67B%(%(%..(%B((6-%(.>%%((%
.%%%(.B(-(>%%.6,(
,,M(->( % >%@%(%>(((>%% %. (% (>((B % =.(,(B -(6&B>(((,B((%>%( ( % >B% (-(%> = (%%((,%,%>, F,
$
8/9$
#/$86
-
(.#%(%F6)G
%(%%OO%@>%B.B(7 %-6(%(%.%%-%- (%%B%%C@C.((7%((M##%(-%C(%%-.%%
,-(6)B@%D>%(%-
-
#(C(%%((>B(C%%(%(%%,(%(#.B(%(%C(6%B>B%((%D(C %%(6)$((%%6(&
& (%(&Q(-% QB%>.%(@BBC>,B(.#(@B(C@(C>(%%.((.#(&CC((%%(%(((# (&C@% (%@%%-%(((%(C(%(%%(-%C @>( %%%.%(%,.C.(%((,((%,(%(C(((@%%C((@((((
,@%%%6&%(C,@(BB(,&((.(((-.,,((F(%G->(,(F6)0G
%(,C(%%?
C(BB(((IB%D(%,((>%!((.(.6((%C(=C%(
C%B%-%C((%B%.(, (%
4(C@(>%(6)9
Z
Y
X
xz
xy
x
Pox
0
%
y
x
n
0
$%55
!$:5
n
y
x
''
'
n''
n'
$
%,(-(%(6%(&
=-7(%((7%(C(,%>-(%=B(-(%%(%(6&%.>@-((((=.( 4 6 /2 15 (% (%(=.(,(-(%%>,,
((B=%,((->(%%%>((,,(B%6(C>%((CI%((7(
,%%,(%(,>B((((6.->(,, %,-%B % ,((C((6&
%-(%%%(>% =.( ( , %B@%%->,%%(&(C%=.(>B(-(%(%=.((,?
(C%=>.(((C?
( %(-(((%-
-
4C(%.?
,-(6)1((.( %% =6 (%%?
%%(C(%>% C %,%(C( 6(((6, ^ ^^(% @ %-%(
%?
%
!%%(%%?
,&(%B%?
%C ( ( % %6>.(C
C(
(6)1,-(C@%D(,(-%(((%#-
(%%(C=C%( @%.?
.(6,%
0=/$:
Pn
Py
Px
P
P ''
P '
Pn''
Pn'
"
.+).+ + "
+*)+*
.+ + +*
$
;$/
$
(%(%%((,(->(%%(6/1/'!@%.%%(6%(7?
?3J%%BN3(
4 @ % -.( D% (((%%($5N-(
%.
(%.%,(>%%((=(%(=.(
,%%(6%%-%>6(CBD@%6(%>%%(%I(=@%D%(((@%
,(%B(>B(C(@>%%,@%%>-(%%(6>%6%?
[:(6&.%\
[.( (.(%.%((C(,(>(6&\
[:%%-( (>C\
%%(((B%>%(-((6&B(((%
K(%=%(==6%(&%((,(-(((%-%,&(,B%%((C%(( %%B=%,( (-(((,&(,%>
+*".#+*".#
-
:((C(((%
_%(C%-
4@_(% %(C%-4@(% _ ^^ @B ?
4C(%%%B->%.(B#B.(%(C%%?
(C(%%F!&&(((%G%?
:((C%%B((%
4(%-(%%>(%.(%>C %((C%,(
((CB((C%%->C%-(,&%- (%((C%(>%%(C(%4%%B((>B,%%((>-,%%
4%(76((C% (( ((%-(%(%4%((&&%(C%!((%%-((((B%>(%.(%46)'(%($:
.+
22
=
=
.+
2
)
0
?!((%,&C(A(&(%,((6&> ,(B(%(% %((B (=%((%%>%,(( )-$
,88?.
%,( ( 6& ,(%(,
%%(%%.%,( -B% >(%.4C(((%>%((%(->( %B ?
4%7%(,>(%(%>,(%B->%(%>=(%%>%(,F%B>%B%,,(B,,((>%(%,((>%(%((6&
! ,6B ( % % %.((.5N-(B%,(-(%-%%D(% ,(%%((%>%(-((,,(>(((
-
oEs p
Co
A Ef
B *
C
*
Desplazamiento
Fuerza
Falla de laroca
Deformacinpermanente
(#/-$:@$
o
(a)
o
(b)
o
(c)
F
FQ
P PF
Q'
$:@$
4%(C,(C%>-B%C%-(&%(.6((> (( %- F G %(6%
.%%.(%(-(CB>@%. ( 4@((%((>C(B%&(%46.(C(%(>.-(((6)2
%-%%%6(6((F#G(%,(%@%%(((6%!(-B(7(%>7 (%7>%4(%%.(>%
%((6F#"GB(7(%(>%((>(6%((
% (( %%(BB(((((6?
47(%%%(66B(%%B((6(6C((.%@(%(>%%>6
%.((.(%"(((6B6A-,(,6((%%(.(%%(>(%%(-(-.7(((.%%%!>,6B(%7(%6%=(.((4(6%-,%(%(C(%%
.(-(C((>CM %( (C ( 65FB,G
4 -CMFG (( (7((C,%(%#%%((> (( % % F( 6G!,6B%((%(%(((%(.%465>%(-%-6%(>((46F,G%%(%%(.%%%.D(%(C(%((4(%%%(
=
$
$
/
-
%( %6(%C(,%-#.B(67(>(6(6 (%>%B=(DB(-(%% B(% :(%6%(-((%6%6(%(% BB((((%46%(%>%(%((.%%((((.>%%(%6%%((=%(67 %( ( -%
#(C-((.>!(B%.@.(%(46)(%(,.% ( , (6% , C(
B(C%-%(((,(%(B>(FGB,6%-(,@( C( >%)%-I(%>
%B(%((()>%%6%-4((@>(%((%(6%((>( @?
-)
#((C%%(%6(B%-#((-%(>%%(%.4(((%,C4-(>((((6%=(%76-
(%C%-%>6(% C6=)2$B6 ( ((%( -7(%( ((6%((
4(C%-C6=(((.(((C(FC(((G((7%6( (%%B(C%-@?
(C%%((
%C%--(%%(M(=>= (%% (6(%((%%(6(% ((%%(.%BB(.%,(>( ( (%% (6(4@?
Fuerza
GeometraOriginal
GeometraDeformada
d2
d1
#
($
/$
#/$
-
O CQ P2 1
#->8
A
B
CO 3 1
//$>8
6,((>%(((%((C%-(9$00)7%(-(
51
@%(%(C(%>-B(( %( (7%%(( (%,((((!(>%,&%%C..@>4-(C.@F)G(%F$G>%((
@%-%((((%%B7(%.(6((( (%(,,(67%
&/
)255*= ((C((%(B(C(C((%((%7%(%((6*=,,(%(C(B%)B$%-%4(((%.(6(()$%!,6B%,(B\$)`#(C(6B)%.% %.%:(6%%C(.% :B(%B
I%.? J)MF)>G ( %%B (%%((&=C%(>(-(.@7(C((.F@%G(-(.@>(CC((%
4(7(*=%-%%=%(((>,%-(-%((%( %7 (C(C((%%.(>%(%(JFG46>$%%(%.%(-#"
4((%.(6(-(%(((%%%%
%(((6>6(B7,%%.>%F692G
,%%(%B==(%%%(%>(7(%(%(-(>%F6/5G
#. = , (% (%((-(>%B%,((%%6%-F>6/)/G
(%%B%,-(%(,%=%(6%B%(-(>%B%>(%(%,&>,(F-((/N-(G
!=,%,A,F)GB %%-,(-(%)-(%7(%AF>6/$G (,.%>%(%A(%7((.6,(
B ( %B%, ( %AB%%(%7((((&6>(,(-( % 7>%B % >%%?
,B,(,(,C(%(F*"G?
?
N3J%(N*"J ,C(%(
"
(%(-(%%(-%(%(% %(%((
(%%(B((%.(%((7>=(%(7(,( ( ( C F&G
%(%(,((B(((>%(((
4 - ( (% = ( =,((&%7(6>(%-%(%((CF%%G(%(%(6/0
#(%(6(B(-(>%%
&7/$
-
( C %((%%.>(%(%(((-(-%*=%%(&(% ( C((% ( 4 60-(-%%7*=%-,
4@%.%((%(C((%(C%%B(>(=@%%(6@(((-#"?
(CC((%B(>%=-B(.6(%(C(%-
4@%.%%(%%(%%(%%,(?
(7((7%%#,%(%(
%%(C,(%(((,C , (% ((D%(4.%B%((,%6(B,(5)B5555)I,6B-79)96()
0!
%%%.,((C%%(C-(7%?
4((-%(%>C
4.%(%(BV%.(>(.6(%B(=
(((6%?
6.(7CW-%(((%(-(,((((((
%(@((CB( (%@,(%7@%C6="%%%BB6(>%%(C.(>
1 2
3
ToCo 1'2'
To Resistencia uniaxial a la tensin.Co Resistencia uniaxial a la compresin.1 Circulo de Mohr para una prueba a tensin uniaxial2 Crculo de Mohr para una prueba a compresin uniaxial3 Circulo de Mohrs para una prueba Triaxial ( 2= Presin deconfinamiento)
//-$
#
,"#"#
"#
+*
.+
"#+*)
"#+*)
/ /3 +
%(B-%,&-%6B-(@%((,%B=%>((%(%>,(-(((>((6((CF-(((&C>O(H>-(%OGI((-C ( -(( ( %-,(B(-(((%-((-(%> ((%((! ,6B >, (,% (C>((( F6>,%%G (F6>6(G% % %(->(7%% &( , (-( %F691G
, (,% >%(%(-(%@%-(05I-(%>%6%
(%(->,(-(%> @%.%%(7B-.>
(-(-05F69'G?
?
J3(.%((BF%G
%(%(((B(%(-(. 7( @( , (%%B>(%%(B%(%%7((-((7B%%%
((((B(%>((.%%>,(%%!(%(%((%(%((7(B,@%(%=%(%
$
//$
-
%%%64%%(.%%%?
(,((%C(,(,(%%(%.?
!(%B6(,( % (B (%B (,( (%CA(>(,(%%(B(@(
&$
#(%%C%-,( (%%B((,%%%,(,%%(.%#%>6(((>,.
*
%%((@%% ( (%( ( (6%(*%.%%@?
&2
(%(C>(6%(%%,(>(.%((%%(C-(,!@?
&-
(%(C((((%%(,(((C%6(,((!@?
&)"
(,-((>C(-(,,>((@?
*(,(
( , ( ( -( %C-(>(!@?
((@%%(,-(
-
((%,(%(C((%?
(%(%(C((%(CC((%?
((%-(-7>(%(.B(%%?
!%?
(%B(.6(%(( %( C.(6(09ZI%B((C((%(.6(%-C(%(((-(C(F69G
(.6(%6(> A ( ((I .B %.%((>%((((
% ( .6( % %.CC((%>%(%(%(>% (%%B-%(%-%(.6(%F>6/G%.%%6(-((%(C((%(%(%#7B(%(%.A(>%((%(%((%6(%(,CA(%(D%(#(%(>% (-(.6(>%%=%B(.6(((C((%%(%D%(,C
C C
6,((C((C,(%(((,(%6(,7(%(-((,(-(> % -(C,((CF,G(%
,(%B(6(((>(
-
*)
%%(%(>%B(%(%((%4%(>%-((>6D(((( ,%(%-%F%6%%,(((!-(,%(%(C-6,%?
4(!%%(C,%@((%,%(%>-%4((%-( % %. (-(-%*=#%(% ( (( ( >%(@(((-(->% (( ( %-%?
- $ & $
@%((.%(%%(.%
(&%,%%
(%-%.%B->%%-((>.,%(6% B(==%,.%%-(%C>% %(B(%.%>(%D(>%6(6(6(6B(6%%%%,(%
&'
!(-((%%.%(&(%.>,(B(%%(.%.,%=6
%,%( ( %B %
6(%,7 %(-(
%(C((%7B77
#%
4(%%%(((6>(%((B%(=%.%((((B%D,((C
?
=J =%.% J
?
(` 5 =` (a5 =a (J5 =J
4(%-%D(%(6-B -(B (7(((>%B(C%&>,(%6(,%%%(((C
4%%((%B(%%B(%(,((%6%-6B (,-%(-(%
#%(%%>(F%O;(HOGB>%%%.(%B @% ,(,>%((=,
(69%(%(
((,(%%C(*B(((D-%(((
%,7(%(%%(>(%(-(%,%(C",((((B,,(%%%&%((
((,%B(%(((,(-(%=%(=%.%F69$G
%%B (690%>%(-(%,%(%%(%6>%(-(,%> (6 (=(,%>(6(%,((6
4%%(699B ((,%%%C(%@%B( ( % (%(=%.%(
"
$
/$
-
!$$'
6(B(%(67((,B,(%(6> (.B %,((%((%(67(B(>%(((%,>(# (,%6(%(%%.%((((>(,(B%>%4 61&( (%%-(6((%%(D%((%(,(%%(%(6.-(F6'G(((67(F62G&(?(61%'555%(%%.%)216M%F6MG(6' % %( (@%$%29B)500))$)6M%%%C(1(7(62
$>K(%%.%6%(((B6$5
0>!,6$52(((%%-((%%.>%%%B6$)
%( (% (,6%B%(->(%
,(%(((>%(,(>( (%B%(>%7%(6(((%(%(,
==(%>%%%(> ( B @ (
)'$!$"'$
, ( B %((-,(,B>M(%((
#G ((3
%( %(((BA%>%(((>%.((=.(%,%(C%%%(,>((CI7(>%((,,>-(%B(6-(%
4(A((%7%(-,((-(6%?
(,(,(%>
-(%((6& %(%((6& *C(A( %(( *%(%,((6& %(%6%
$
$/$
-
110 130 150 170 190 21090
2000
4000
6000
8000
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
Pro
fun
di d
ad, p
i es
Tiempo de viaje sonicomsec/pie
100 120 140 160 180 200110 130 150 170 190 21090 100 120 140 160 180 200
B6$6
100 120 140 160 180 20080
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
Tiempo de viajesonico msec/pie
Pro
fun
did
ad,p
ies
90 110 130120 150 170 190
6383 73 61 53 51
34 3223 21 13 1112
43insertos decarburo
dientesfresados
B6$
ROP
Co
EXTREMADAMENTEDEBILES
DEBILES
MEDIANAMENTEDEBILES
MEDIANAMENTEDURAS
DURAS
EXTREMADAMENTEDURAS
#1C4
0
#
TIPO DE
LITOLOGIA
RESISTENCIA
COMPRESIVA
CODIGO IADC
Roca dbil, Altaplasticidad
30000 837
( 6$% (((C%(((>,((-(%
#(C((%%(&&%%=(%,-
@%(%,&*((, B((%(C%(%%(C(%H((-,
((.((6%K
$%&
,( C(>%%,>,(%,(%( ( % ( >(
$
(%%-,(>,(-(%>%.,%(6%% %(C%(B(%%-,(,(> ( 6(>%,(I,>%%B = ,((((%> -C. (.%(%%% (%%B(->(%>.((%>(>%(%%
! ,6B % %,(C>%@> %% ( (C%( (C-C>
$
(,(%(,(6%(B6(,B6(%>=%(%-((6,(%%(%(,=%CO%O.%%,D>%,((%(C((>B%%((C(,
!,6B@%>% % ,(%, (6 #7B (% % ((=%,(B %(% ( % (
($%
$
$,4894.0/
$
-
(6% %%,-((%-@(%((,
(%((67(&%%%(6%F)OB$O9OG
(6%%B,((%%.%((%((C((%(
$>%(.6( % (
0>,-(%7%6-((%,&%%(%--(>%(%,&(,
/>(C((6>-(%B(C(%%%6.?(%%-(C%-C((%%>C , -( ( ,(%%.(,((C%7(&,>(6%7B(.(B7(C%,(
$"
J C(J C%
J +6(% @J C=C%(Q#-J #-%(((CQ J C=C%(@BBCJC(@BBC#=J #=C%(((C
J ((KJ CJ #6(
J *(6-J ( ^J C(%-
J %%(.%"% J ((()BB$JC(
J %=-(KJ *(C((%V,J *(-()B)2'1
> H((!=(,6B"+++-$BB)>9B)22
$> (B B " "$(B?92>/1B)2'1
0> *=( W B "$ 3$$
""BR(B)02>)9)B)22'
9> !(,6B3$$ /$" B*@B3>2B)2'0
/> W66B "$ 4-%BR(B/>1B)2'1
1> * B $$ -5" &" $ B 1>1B)220
'> ";R(YB#"(YBR V(,B$$ """" "4" 3$$"%B ! )9/5B(B)2'/
2> V4*B "$"+
, (,% =%(%%>% (,( F6G %-(>%((((CF->602GB(%( ,( F6G
%%,( B A%(%((%(6(,=%.%(
%((==(>% ,
%. 6( ( =%.%%((((B(-(%>%%,@%(((6&,F%GF%,G=%(@%%%IB=>% ( -(% ( ( % ( =%.%(6&( %#B ==( (% -(,% ( (6,>>((%F,G
.%(((%(C((%B(>%(-(%%C6%>(%(%(((%
%(%B C %
1
/$
$
&7/$
$/
-
1+B! )$9/B!%,)/>)2B)2'0)5> V6(-B WB1"%$+, """6 "
$" + 1+B #M
#29>$9B#()2>)B)229
))> * @B KR4-( "" " "+"% "%-%$"1+6! 09$B!%,$5>%,$B)21$
)> %((B,%B& B*%7B#*B)222
)1
!!
"$'
4 )
((%(>(,&%-B(%%%((>(C%.%>(&%7%(,>((%C%((A7>%
*((,&%-((C( %,(%6%((,>= (,D( %.%6I,(%(.@%%%%%,(B(>7(%%(-&
(%C(%%%,((%>7%(,%>%-%& 7 (,%6(,(%=C%(%%CB(6(B%=6B(%(%B(%((-,> ( (, ( , B % ((B.%(%(%(((
'(,%>%%( (%(A%B(.(>
%7(%I%,>(,%
/
.(,&%-(C(F>C%G(%(((CB((%(6(>(,4.(=%>C(6% ( ( CB %(@(%%%7%(!,%((6%,>%%-(.(C,&%-4 %,%BBA%6b %B%,((C@((C.%>6=%%%B.(%(>6(6,7(C(>((%
(.((6%(,>%6-(.B,(%>(%B%(7%%%%A (6(B>.B%(C,-C.(.((%(>=-(%6-.(B=B(,.,(>%(C(.%%((,%(%%@%%(%%(,(F>%G
(%(((-%.6(=%%(.%%(6%(>%(%(F%C(,(G
@% (C( (,%=>%(%(6(6%B (%.%((.6(!,6B%(%F>%((GB((((,6(%.6((.%
4%((.%( %(%(%C(,(((>%.&%F60/G
,(60/(((%(B@(%(%(%>7%(.%(B((->(%((%%F601G
-(% (%.%,(F60'G
(%,((,,(,(%%>(-(%((C6(((((B(%%% ((
%%.&%=%.%((((I%%(%%.&%(>(%@%C(%%,(%%%%(6((C
(B%(B((%D(%(6->B(%(((%7(-(%
!((%%,(((>F(%((GB(>(%-7B,(,=%.%(>I(%%%(%((C7(C ( %%B ( ( ,(B%6((>%-C,(%-(B(%%B(-(%@%.,6%-(>%((
$:
-
%(%%% I(>%(%%((! -76D((%(67((,6>%.,((C,B6>%B(%-((((4(-(-(%-((>(
'/467=.(B((((C4.(=%%.(.%%(C(%,(=.(76>% (C % 4 676%(7%=.>(F;!G%(%-A%(%(6%B(C%%,%(C(&.%=.(((>,%
5(,((>%(%47(-%%,46A,%%(D%%(%C(%!,%&7>(,(%(4,,%((%>6((((A7%,%%,%-(-%(>C (6%.,(A7%.(%%(C%(% %(67B %B7%6(
*
4.%%-,(%,(,%C(, (6(B(.%(>.(%(%%%%, , ( ( %B(6%,%>(,%
>%% !"(%B%%>%% %,(>% %F G,(
)#*&%4-(>(A7%(C(,(.%-,%(6%%.>%6%&(,(64,%%(C&(,((%-(>%
,64%%B%6(D%( (6(B%%%(C(7(,%,(A% ( %% %! ,6B@%%%%>C%%(
!(.=(B,>%(,((>=@-A(((>,,%(6(,%A4-,(%(%,4%%%%.((%6B(%%B=%>B6B(%7%(>A(,
-%C(%%%-&
%.(((%I%((..%%((C%,&
%%-B (6.%B%M>%%I%((6&%-(%%(((,(#>.B%((@%-6%(,((>%(%%6((%,&
,
( % ( % %@%(6%(%%(( ,(%%%(%B%B((
*!$
(%-%B((%((%,&.,ABB(,&(A7
(%,(>%,&B%.%(>%-%(%,&%(>6. ( ( ( %,%%%%B( (% ( ( % ,%.,&-( (%-
4
(6((%((=>(6((%.,,(%-=(,D-(%-B(>%6(((%-(CB%%.,&B(,C.%%A(%,(%,&(%>((%%.>,%(,(
%7
(((6&B,&%(%,7-%>%((-,-@( (%%B>%%((@,(((66%
=B(6&>%(%7%%(%-((,(%-(%,(%(.(-,(
#%(>7,%(%(C!,%%%%%%B(.%(6>&-B%>%=.(B%6(%B6 %,7 -%>%B,(%((6&
%,(% ((%(C(%,&B,&( (>((%,&-(CB@%(,(6&>(( (%>% %CB(((-%(((&(>C%(
%'
!,(%(%7%(>%-%((C=(C6%-%6B(%(-((,%I,6B( ( 6, (-(%=(%%%-
-
%(%(%B(@%%>!,,%(,F-&G&6((
-6!(C%/P(6B%7(%A(&%%(,(
%(% !"B(%.%%!,,%%(%%>(C%(6
#(6%%(C(%-(F`95 *G4@- *%(6%%B%B(.%(C4>6.,-(C%-(%,%%,%(%(%%-B(%(,>B( %%( %-(
4%,%(,%-6D%67.%%(%B,%%-.(%>((%%67 . (.% -( (,%% (,%%>%=(,>%%,(%(C,(%(D(%A(,B%=%((%
$
!%%,(>
,.(%-(,&%-B.(.((%%%%(((>B,%%
' (6(B((%(6(%%(&((%. (. % (,>%!,6B ((>%C.D. %% ( %(%(6-,(B6%->.((6-(%%>(%%->%?%B(
' D. (.%((,-C(6 (,%((%B(6>=.(%%((,%%?
,(C(> ( %-( ,&%- -. 6&(( (, %-(B,(%B%%>,%4( (7(%%%.(%(
.(%(>@%.(@,((>%%7%6- (,B(% (,%(,%6((C(
%%7%((%,((%(67(%-(%!,.>((%7%%B7(
,#%(,%= % % (%%((B(6(B>(,%!,6B%>%%%B(,%%(&((,> 6 C%%(
K(%B(.%%((C%.>%B%%%B(.%>(.B@=,(((7(%(7%(
46(CB(%%(>((%((,%B % ( %B (%(#%(%.((-,(%(->(B,%(% (%, (>%B % 6 (-(%C(%>(%(
%,(#(%,(
)'$$"'$
! % (( -,( , ( 7%(%=>%(((C(C(
#G ( ;,( @ (>,& *%-"G (@,(#%%C %
G%7%( %( (% (,(% ,( %( %
%
%,(%((B%%((,( F(( B %-(B%%>( %.%%(((C(%%&6>(,(-(%
4(%%(>%(?
.
4((6=,((C(( %%% =,(B =,((%%%(%(C%,(IB(&%%
((C(%-->%%(%#7((,&%(%%(-. (%,( ((%=4(%,&%7%%(6(@(%%
8
4@(&%>%.%>B%==I(%%B>%(>B((%-(%6
,(%66%B(,.(C-((%@>%%D.-%(==((C(%(>B,%(IB( C %( (C O6O
!%%%(.%%(%-&&
-
$)(%%>(,C%>%(%(,(%(%(%(
+4-,(=%%%((%((,>(B(%((-,B (%(B% %6( ( %(67(A(,@%.%(>,(%(>%((-,4(((,%,)10IB#*B3(9
HB W ;? 9+++ $$+"9B(( # F)2/0G$2K((B*BRB#"?9 """3+%"",",4 "9B(( # F)2/$G0'K=B W RB *=B 4? 9!$,"$""" "3+%"",'"9! )$02>K%
%! >#*$0%=#(((*%6B((B%>,0>1B)292WBWB!=(BW?9!$"$$+" "/""9B W %=F-,)2//G)$'1>)$20*%BW?9"", "3+%"",$$+9B*!%=B4!%%B"%6F&)21)G
Y(BWW?9-'"""%"$" 0,$ $$+ "9B W %=F#,()2/1G90)>90/BB#*B3(05
%BW?9$"+"%",4 "9BW %=F-,)21)G)$92>)$/14BW4?9!"!$,""($$+9BW %=F-,)21)G)'9>)2$6B!BW?9"($$+"$9BW %=F#,()2/2G0'$>02/BB#*B3(0/(BWV?93%"-0;"9B %6F%,)2/9G1)"6B#BCBW#B*BK*?9", 1+9B =((6%%F*>W)21)G$/
)!
"
%-(CO%OBO67O
((C%(%(-=,%(6-!,6B(A5=%((05B((67( C %(--%%>((
#%(%,(CA(-(C>(--(6%%(67-C#(C%(=-(>=%-%-67
4%6%(%-((C=&@%B.,=&%(%((67
"
"
#
#
'(',
(
"
)
-
"($'',/$"
"( $ %&$
,
,
*+
+
+,!
+
+
+,
*
!&"&,
!
"(
'!'
""
!!--
"
#!
"
!"(
'!'
*
"'
'!'
"(
'!'
(',!'
"('!'
"#
"('!'
"
.!
.!
.!.!
"#"(
'!'"
(
/
!"
/
)
1//2350
/")
/
")
-
%,((%!>,6(6%(%%(>C-.@%
%@=,(. (% ( K( *,.(%(C(%%.,&%
$"
J .%%( J@% ( %%
( J@%,&% J@%( J@%(,, J@%(-(% J@%(6%% J@%=.(, J%%,(" J6%,(
,J%(,(
J%(M
J%((M= J.%(, J.%(%,(, J (C6 JK%(;B;B;J%% ( %
,B& JU(%W J((6-(
%Y J .%,((CV J%% J@%(6%(& JD%%(% J%C(-(% J ,, JK%(&% J=%% J-&=RMJ ,,(6.%
(,@ J .% %
(@ J .%,&%@ J .%(
@ J .%,,>
@ J .%-(%
@ J .% 6% %
@ J .%=.((,
J 3% J(( J-(%((( J %%-(,(>
%.= J %%,-(
-(%%.=
/'&
-(%.(6>D(%(
a
a
a
a
!#!#!$$$$!#
#!#!##!
$$$$!###%
#!##!#$$$$!##
#%
#!##!##$$$$!#
#%
-
(>%6(>C((%CB-(@(C(>((C
46%(C(6%>6B76D%>66%((%(((%(67B((-.((6B(C(%.(666.B%6%B%%C(%6>((6%((B((%(67%%>(%B(-((((%(%%>(,(%7%.(F6$9G
(%> (6 %,% (% ( % ( 6%%B(6$/(%6(&
$$/
4.%%%(%(C,(7(C((%(=(%>7%(6%>-,(%,,(>%-(%
!((.%B%(6%#(%6%((%->%,&B,((,6%.(%%%, %6
4, (((% %,(%,,%,%>,%6%%,(B(, =(6%%=>%%-.(%,((
(%(%%,(%C((%(, B.(6%-B(%(%(,(==(, C-(((46%(%((%B%(%(4%, (%)1B,%(,(F%'G(6-%F%2B)5))G4 %)D.(%D,
#(( "%F%G *( -% 4%% 4 # #=% (C (% 6( ;% -(.
,%6>=O,6OB(6((, B(=%=(%(67@%%
4%(%(((%(67!,%(,((%B>(%%%(%%#(6> O(%%O (&((7((%%4,((%%R(@B((,%
&((((((,B(.%%(((%>(67((%((67,(%-%F6$G
,,(7>%-- ( %B ( C % (%,B7((D(@@C4>%-()'!,6B!%%=>% -( (( % ,&)5
47%-6%((6%(B(((6((C%=.(4%F-609G(6%(&%(7%-6,&%(,>,(((%-,(,(%%B%%( ( ( (%%-(B6>%(%%(C>%(
4%%(6(%>%(C(.((6(.%,(BVB?
(.%,(%.,(>(%%B.(6(@>%OO((W!=())%(C>(%%.(>(6%,((C>%(%%.>(6%((.%,(BVB%?
-C(-(%(67B(>%69(-(>(,
-
-F-(%)GB((6%(%(%(-(,B%(C(>%%*%(,,6.% (,%B FMGB%.?
(%%;FRMG,%(%,((%%,%(.(6
( -( ( - ( , %.?
(-(%%B%B%.?
(%,-;B,%%
)&%/
((6%(,(>)5%(C(,>%(%,,(-(%B(%%,((6%%;B)5296(-(C((-(,>%.(%(6%(%
6%B @(7% ((((&,,%%-(%=,%((6%(,((%(-(,#%%%,%%,((%%((%%%-
.
4(%%%(C>((%-(,,>(%C(=.((, ! ,6B % ( % (,, 6(% A (%(&B%(>%(%(6%,(,,((,(( C=.((((,,
,-()B-(%>%..@(%((%A%,(
(
2!
2!
(
2!
(
(#
2!
2!
2!3
-
""$+"$'
4%%(6%(,- ? 6(6B %-B &%%4D(%.%,-I(,,>%%(%,-%(C%%.C(6%>%%,(>-
,
(%.%%((>,(%(6(>
67(%-I ( 7 (B%(?
) 4 %(,-(%%> ( F%B (B6%%B%G((>6%%%(%>%,I((,(.%.%
%7(%.(((%(67(->%6(6=@>% @% 6%%>,(-%>%%% %.>%(%(=,4%7(%>,C%(>?&
,)
%%,A(6(67%>-(6%7(6&> (
(A,-#%((%>%-7(=>%(?
#(,B(%>%6%B(6(%((-C.c%,(((,%%==%(6%>%%,(=%((6((7%%( (,I%(,B>%B%.6%%
(-(%(%%(= B ( = 6%B ,%(%%
B(C)B((%(,(14(%> ,% (%% - C (.(%4B%,((%
4-(%C(%)
9!()
!%%()B%6())(%(%%(6%@B(>%%B,,(6>.%BRMB-(%BB%>%B%
?
)16%6#B$
!(-(,%B%.(%>(6%(%(6%(,(B%B( %% %B,%%%6(B(-(.A(%%B%,B?
%,(%-,>,,-(%B6((%>4%,('%(%>,(&(
,-(%,((%>%.%?
4&,,,->(%
4&-(%,,
(&,,-(>%
)
4 (7%B (%-% >(B ,% ( & , ,,-(%
(
,
#
4#(,(
"
(
( (
"4#+4
+
-
+*
4-(%(@(%O *OB-( *%4(%-(%B7(B(%(>% (,B(% (%BA>%%,%(,=(6((>%-(%I,6B=%%-(.%.@ *%(4((%>(%(>( -%-(7%,(%D?(-(%.>((C.@%>%B,(,,>-,((%(-(%(%%>((%%,((>6.(%>,(%%>(,%(7%-(%%7(6%(,
%((,A>%%,
%(-(%(%F(%B.>%B%B6%BB%B-(>%95=%/55B%(%,-(%)555GB(A7%&(%%=.(I,%,%6%%>6(,(I%(((%6@%?((6(%%%B>%(6
--
4(C%,,.B(%(,(,->%(6%@%%
:'
(@B%%(C-CB>%(C % >,((,,B-(>%B(%(C%-6,( %B % .6( %(6%%(,-%,(B ( (@,(%%(6%%.
& !$
%%%%6%(,&%%!%(%,B%B,%>%,&%?,-,(&(,(6(>,=I , ,, (,%%.((((,%(%.6(%((.>(%!(,&(6%%B,(%.%% ,%DB7%.%I-(,A(=,%.%(>%%%=,&%@%A,%(%,
/$$+"'
(.(-(,6%>=%((%,>-%(C%,6%B%.>,%(.@%((
4,%(-((6%(,6%-%->((#%(
%%% F# %%(#%((6%%G=(6AB
.% @ @ (( ( ('%%
%,%==6%B
(-(@@%(>C(%%(%$ &(((=(%)%.?
#7($5%%(%,(/%%?
$5
>5'2@)5L520@)5
>5$/@)5>
5>10>)>/$J'9
%-%%%-%> ! % %-( 9%%%-%-7%(%%%((7>%C,(
% % (%% C%4%(%,(/,- (( -,(>(.((6?B %%B, (,(6.%B-(>%B6%%FGB.%( D (B ( ( 6% (((&-((%%(6
%(C ( % %B (
)%6A
-
%,(%((->(6%(,
(,%&B%%>-((6%(>%-%,(-%
(%-(6%%>&(((!,%&QB%( D , % &% (((
4(DFKG((,!%(C6%(((,(,!6%OO(,(,B ( %B 6% ((, %. ( , %(C(.,()M)/6
4D(%((%-(>6%(#%(C6%(C
")
")
-((%%((%)292BK=*=(> ( %7( , (%C%%%>(C, %,&, (%>(%% ! ,6B 6 % (%,&-%.=-%,%>(C((%,%%>B.B(%>=(.%%%%=646%(%C%=>%(%(C>.(&F)G
4-%.(6D(%(%%(((%6
)6>%(=%%((-(=%%
!,6B (.%%7->()>%(%% ( )55NB % 6(6-C((
%(C(%%(.(%B(((-(6%-.(%>
%6%,((%.( 6D(%((D%%&(%6%-(>(()B%>,(.%>(D7>%%%(C(.(((.%@B=%(%%%%-%BB%%=%(.((6(C(%>%%%(6
(D.%(>((.(B(7D%%(>((%%%%6%>,B%.C=,>(((=%%(>6
(%%B(,,( -( % ,%
)46
%
) 1-
6
-
((,4%%&(%(6$1
%%%((.( ( = ( %%
%7(,=%(C-B( -(( %6 @- 6% (,((%#>(7%-,&>%B ( ( %(C .%(7%,>%I%C((-(%.7%(((%>((%,%--.(%(,%%%I=7(&%,%(-(AB=-.%(%(,B-(>B(6%B%4%(>C%.% %B 7 ( (%7%((&%
-(,(%(C(,%%%%%>,-,-(%@%
)46
)46"3D3@,3E#3(.
D%&6%F%$
6
DD65%
)B-$,%.
2
-
%A4%%.(%>%%%A
6
(6%(%%%(C?
(%%,(%,((%(F-%,(0G(%%(,(((%((6%(,>,-()5%.(C( %,-B;B%6((=-(%(%>7,()%.BB,,0B555(,6.%,-(%)55(B())%.(C(%%(,("(%7(,> %. (C % (6%(,B(((67(%>%6%(,%%..(>%((7(6%
F%BWB)21)G%(C( %>6% ( , . @- ( (=c( ,,.@,((,(,%(%%>%,%
$";
41((>(6(%(%%%-,(B(%%
, % % %(4%%%%-D(%(%7%>%-(%
=%%(C(.(6,(%=%(
,(-%)5B5556
6%=,%(%B, (,( %(>6%(%%%(C?
;B;B;FRMG@(%,>F-%,()B$G(%%,F;((%((6%(,G
4%%%.6(%,(
1$/$A915*
E
%
=
41001
#
(
('
=
-
&%/,54!#.
(%/
((%%%%460$%%7%%(,((-(1>(%(%,6(%%(C,%,%6%B(%>%-76%-%(6%(%%-((@%(6%(%B(@%
=%(>
%(6,-6()5=
/
4 %.((,,(%%B@%.?
%.,@%,(CY(%(600BY(%(%%((D((->%559
$
9
Q
%%B@%.?
(%%%>%(FRMG-%(%
-
(%@%(%(=%%6>((%%,%C%(=,,% ,%(O6(%OB%B%-B,
-
%C-?
%(=%J 2/%%(-&J 9)=
%(J 955dM;
%%%(,J d))B155%(%J 2)9
%B(%%(C-(%-(055502)9?
%(%,%B(%(C->B(%(,%#7B%.%%=(%%F G,(6(,%
!(%(B>%B(6%((((%%6B?
?J %(FdM;G
M J %%(C-FdM;G J -&B,%" J %(,%*J *%(,%
%B%?
J 955dM;
M J d252
J ));"J d)9155*J 2)9
#7?
4, %(2)9%%1$M;6((>%%(C-d252 (2)9
!(-(B(6%((((,Y->%?
?
,J*%6(% J%$5M;%?
%(,%(%%'9((6(%6(%
"$""$8''
%(>%,,%(((%%(6F605G(%(%
(%%((> ( %, %.(%%.(%,(%4%,>
04,-"
56 "#
-,78
5
9*-#,
%C(,,(-(%I%%(%C(=.((,%.(%(%%>%(, (,%#7>&%(%(.%-(B%%?
,(%(%%((
((((.(((B(,,B (-(%B(=.((,>B%%%((
,((%(C>%
(((>(%-(.%>@B,(%%M%B%.?
@ FCG ( @((%%((%>(-(%(%>%
(()(((B%%%%%.(6D(%(%
4%%%(%(%(,(%%c%-%(((6%%((>(.%%,(%>%*,@-(>%-(
4@%.%-%
&((2
%(((,%%((CCB-C=%(((%(%>&(%.%(%C(((>%(C%-%(%%%(>%-(%(.(((%?
%( (
%( (((6&.%,(,3(%6%(,;.((,
% %.%6(-(((%?
4((,,B-(%=.((,
(.(((%%
4((%(%%(C%(%B(>(.%I%B((
+
-
%.%(C(,%%6(6
%%,(-(,%(C>(.B(6%?
%, ((6 C%-
-B%B%>.6(,
,(.%(6%,(6B(,,>B-(%B6%B%(%%,(6%%(
-C(%%>%..((,(6.(%%(%(%>(CB((%>,&B=.%((O* *+Q* *!"4OF* GB(((((6%(?
* JFMGF/5G
(*.@ ,(,%%(%%%(%(-(,>B#4##((6%(%%(%@%%(%,((>=7%
%%(((%%(%B(%.>%(((%.@,(>%B.(,(%%%%.@@(%,.(((%6%
(%(%%(%.@,(>
-(605?%((>6%(%B%.%>(%%B>%(65#(605 %%%.%%.%>%B6 #"G B (%B ,-. %(%% F ( 6"(%G%7(-D%((,=%(%%%C(66%=(C(,%%%B(,>%(%%(,
(%((%%%(,,(%",-% 7(%
4(%(% (,>,(@
(%B(%((%.@,(B%(%%(6(>D%,(
#=B ( %( (6()5N7$)'9(* )$$M.()5N%(B6(6%%,.>%.@)0/%D%,(%,!(-(%.%%%,%>%%
)-=!1!!
"
(%%C((>6(%(%((=.((, %%>(% ( ((,,-(%>%%=%(C%.((((B(>((B%,>B7(%%,7-%>%%%
!,6B(&D(>%-,(%(C>%%.%(%C4-%((>%.%((%C(,,>B-(%B=.(.%(%,(,
-$"&"
4(%.%((>%%(C%(>((%(>O%7OF)20'>)2/'G%% ( %,& %C(%
4%7,((7%>%.,,%=%>%(,%,(,>(-(%
6(B(,%(7%>.%%%?(%%>%%%(,(,(-(%B,
%(,(,(-(%B,B.(-D%((,
#.B,(,(,M(-(%>%(%,(%%(%6% ( ,B (%>,(
4,%(%7>-(%%%-(->,(-(
3((%.%,.=6B%((%.@%(,.?
(%
(%%
(%6%(%F%%>%G
( %6%(,( F>%G
4(%% (,.%.&%-?
(%((%(,B(%%(%-&
4,%(%(%F G%%.(
4-(,%(% (-(%B (-(,(,(%(B
-
%.%(C(,%%6(6
%%,(-(,%(C>(.B(6%?
%, ((6 C%-
-B%B%>.6(,
,(.%(6%,(6B(,,>B-(%B6%B%(%%,(6%%(
-C(%%>%..((,(6.(%%(%(%>(CB((%>,&B=.%((O* *+Q* *!"4OF* GB(((((6%(?
* JFMGF/5G
(*.@ ,(,%%(%%%(%(-(,>B#4##((6%(%%(%@%%(%,((>=7%
%%(((%%(%B(%.>%(((%.@,(>%B.(,(%%%%.@@(%,.(((%6%
(%(%%(%.@,(>
-(605?%((>6%(%B%.%>(%%B>%(65#(605 %%%.%%.%>%B6 #"G B (%B ,-. %(%% F ( 6"(%G%7(-D%((,=%(%%%C(66%=(C(,%%%B(,>%(%%(,
(%((%%%(,,(%",-% 7(%
4(%(% (,>,(@
(%B(%((%.@,(B%(%%(6(>D%,(
#=B ( %( (6()5N7$)'9(* )$$M.()5N%(B6(6%%,.>%.@)0/%D%,(%,!(-(%.%%%,%>%%
)-=!1!!
"
(%%C((>6(%(%((=.((, %%>(% ( ((,,-(%>%%=%(C%.((((B(>((B%,>B7(%%,7-%>%%%
!,6B(&D(>%-,(%(C>%%.%(%C4-%((>%.%((%C(,,>B-(%B=.(.%(%,(,
-$"&"
4(%.%((>%%(C%(>((%(>O%7OF)20'>)2/'G%% ( %,& %C(%
4%7,((7%>%.,,%=%>%(,%,(,>(-(%
6(B(,%(7%>.%%%?(%%>%%%(,(,(-(%B,
%(,(,(-(%B,B.(-D%((,
#.B,(,(,M(-(%>%(%,(%%(%6% ( ,B (%>,(
4,%(%7>-(%%%-(->,(-(
3((%.%,.=6B%((%.@%(,.?
(%
(%%
(%6%(%F%%>%G
( %6%(,( F>%G
4(%% (,.%.&%-?
(%((%(,B(%%(%-&
4,%(%(%F G%%.(
4-(,%(% (-(%B (-(,(,(%(B
-
%C-?
%(=%J 2/%%(-&J 9)=
%(J 955dM;
%%%(,J d))B155%(%J 2)9
%B(%%(C-(%-(055502)9?
%(%,%B(%(C->B(%(,%#7B%.%%=(%%F G,(6(,%
!(%(B>%B(6%((((%%6B?
?J %(FdM;G
M J %%(C-FdM;G J -&B,%" J %(,%*J *%(,%
%B%?
J 955dM;
M J d252
J ));"J d)9155*J 2)9
#7?
4, %(2)9%%1$M;6((>%%(C-d252 (2)9
!(-(B(6%((((,Y->%?
?
,J*%6(% J%$5M;%?
%(,%(%%'9((6(%6(%
"$""$8''
%(>%,,%(((%%(6F605G(%(%
(%%((> ( %, %.(%%.(%,(%4%,>
04,-"
56 "#
-,78
5
9*-#,
%C(,,(-(%I%%(%C(=.((,%.(%(%%>%(, (,%#7>&%(%(.%-(B%%?
,(%(%%((
((((.(((B(,,B (-(%B(=.((,>B%%%((
,((%(C>%
(((>(%-(.%>@B,(%%M%B%.?
@ FCG ( @((%%((%>(-(%(%>%
(()(((B%%%%%.(6D(%(%
4%%%(%(%(,(%%c%-%(((6%%((>(.%%,(%>%*,@-(>%-(
4@%.%-%
&((2
%(((,%%((CCB-C=%(((%(%>&(%.%(%C(((>%(C%-%(%%%(>%-(%(.(((%?
%( (
%( (((6&.%,(,3(%6%(,;.((,
% %.%6(-(((%?
4((,,B-(%=.((,
(.(((%%
4((%(%%(C%(%B(>(.%I%B((
+
-
(%@%(%(=%%6>((%%,%C%(=,,% ,%(O6(%OB%B%-B,
-
&%/,54!#.
(%/
((%%%%460$%%7%%(,((-(1>(%(%,6(%%(C,%,%6%B(%>%-76%-%(6%(%%-((@%(6%(%B(@%
=%(>
%(6,-6()5=
/
4 %.((,,(%%B@%.?
%.,@%,(CY(%(600BY(%(%%((D((->%559
$
9
Q
%%B@%.?
(%%%>%(FRMG-%(%
-
%A4%%.(%>%%%A
6
(6%(%%%(C?
(%%,(%,((%(F-%,(0G(%%(,(((%((6%(,>,-()5%.(C( %,-B;B%6((=-(%(%>7,()%.BB,,0B555(,6.%,-(%)55(B())%.(C(%%(,("(%7(,> %. (C % (6%(,B(((67(%>%6%(,%%..(>%((7(6%
F%BWB)21)G%(C( %>6% ( , . @- ( (=c( ,,.@,((,(,%(%%>%,%
$";
41((>(6(%(%%%-,(B(%%
, % % %(4%%%%-D(%(%7%>%-(%
=%%(C(.(6,(%=%(
,(-%)5B5556
6%=,%(%B, (,( %(>6%(%%%(C?
;B;B;FRMG@(%,>F-%,()B$G(%%,F;((%((6%(,G
4%%%.6(%,(
1$/$A915*
E
%
=
41001
#
(
('
=
-
((,4%%&(%(6$1
%%%((.( ( = ( %%
%7(,=%(C-B( -(( %6 @- 6% (,((%#>(7%-,&>%B ( ( %(C .%(7%,>%I%C((-(%.7%(((%>((%,%--.(%(,%%%I=7(&%,%(-(AB=-.%(%(,B-(>B(6%B%4%(>C%.% %B 7 ( (%7%((&%
-(,(%(C(,%%%%%>,-,-(%@%
)46
)46"3D3@,3E#3(.
D%&6%F%$
6
DD65%
)B-$,%.
2
-
%,(%((->(6%(,
(,%&B%%>-((6%(>%-%,(-%
(%-(6%%>&(((!,%&QB%( D , % &% (((
4(DFKG((,!%(C6%(((,(,!6%OO(,(,B ( %B 6% ((, %. ( , %(C(.,()M)/6
4D(%((%-(>6%(#%(C6%(C
")
")
-((%%((%)292BK=*=(> ( %7( , (%C%%%>(C, %,&, (%>(%% ! ,6B 6 % (%,&-%.=-%,%>(C((%,%%>B.B(%>=(.%%%%=646%(%C%=>%(%(C>.(&F)G
4-%.(6D(%(%%(((%6
)6>%(=%%((-(=%%
!,6B (.%%7->()>%(%% ( )55NB % 6(6-C((
%(C(%%(.(%B(((-(6%-.(%>
%6%,((%.( 6D(%((D%%&(%6%-(>(()B%>,(.%>(D7>%%%(C(.(((.%@B=%(%%%%-%BB%%=%(.((6(C(%>%%%(6
(D.%(>((.(B(7D%%(>((%%%%6%>,B%.C=,>(((=%%(>6
(%%B(,,( -( % ,%
)46
%
) 1-
6
-
+*
4-(%(@(%O *OB-( *%4(%-(%B7(B(%(>% (,B(% (%BA>%%,%(,=(6((>%-(%I,6B=%%-(.%.@ *%(4((%>(%(>( -%-(7%,(%D?(-(%.>((C.@%>%B,(,,>-,((%(-(%(%%>((%%,((>6.(%>,(%%>(,%(7%-(%%7(6%(,
%((,A>%%,
%(-(%(%F(%B.>%B%B6%BB%B-(>%95=%/55B%(%,-(%)555GB(A7%&(%%=.(I,%,%6%%>6(,(I%(((%6@%?((6(%%%B>%(6
--
4(C%,,.B(%(,(,->%(6%@%%
:'
(@B%%(C-CB>%(C % >,((,,B-(>%B(%(C%-6,( %B % .6( %(6%%(,-%,(B ( (@,(%%(6%%.
& !$
%%%%6%(,&%%!%(%,B%B,%>%,&%?,-,(&(,(6(>,=I , ,, (,%%.((((,%(%.6(%((.>(%!(,&(6%%B,(%.%% ,%DB7%.%I-(,A(=,%.%(>%%%=,&%@%A,%(%,
/$$+"'
(.(-(,6%>=%((%,>-%(C%,6%B%.>,%(.@%((
4,%(-((6%(,6%-%->((#%(
%%% F# %%(#%((6%%G=(6AB
.% @ @ (( ( ('%%
%,%==6%B
(-(@@%(>C(%%(%$ &(((=(%)%.?
#7($5%%(%,(/%%?
$5
>5'2@)5L520@)5
>5$/@)5>
5>10>)>/$J'9
%-%%%-%> ! % %-( 9%%%-%-7%(%%%((7>%C,(
% % (%% C%4%(%,(/,- (( -,(>(.((6?B %%B, (,(6.%B-(>%B6%%FGB.%( D (B ( ( 6% (((&-((%%(6
%(C ( % %B (
)%6A
-
""$+"$'
4%%(6%(,- ? 6(6B %-B &%%4D(%.%,-I(,,>%%(%,-%(C%%.C(6%>%%,(>-
,
(%.%%((>,(%(6(>
67(%-I ( 7 (B%(?
) 4 %(,-(%%> ( F%B (B6%%B%G((>6%%%(%>%,I((,(.%.%
%7(%.(((%(67(->%6(6=@>% @% 6%%>,(-%>%%% %.>%(%(=,4%7(%>,C%(>?&
,)
%%,A(6(67%>-(6%7(6&> (
(A,-#%((%>%-7(=>%(?
#(,B(%>%6%B(6(%((-C.c%,(((,%%==%(6%>%%,(=%((6((7%%( (,I%(,B>%B%.6%%
(-(%(%%(= B ( = 6%B ,%(%%
B(C)B((%(,(14(%> ,% (%% - C (.(%4B%,((%
4-(%C(%)
9!()
!%%()B%6())(%(%%(6%@B(>%%B,,(6>.%BRMB-(%BB%>%B%
?
)16%6#B$
!(-(,%B%.(%>(6%(%(6%(,(B%B( %% %B,%%%6(B(-(.A(%%B%,B?
%,(%-,>,,-(%B6((%>4%,('%(%>,(&(
,-(%,((%>%.%?
4&,,,->(%
4&-(%,,
(&,,-(>%
)
4 (7%B (%-% >(B ,% ( & , ,,-(%
(
,
#
4#(,(
"
(
( (
"4#+4
+
-
-F-(%)GB((6%(%(%(-(,B%(C(>%%*%(,,6.% (,%B FMGB%.?
(%%;FRMG,%(%,((%%,%(.(6
( -( ( - ( , %.?
(-(%%B%B%.?
(%,-;B,%%
)&%/
((6%(,(>)5%(C(,>%(%,,(-(%B(%%,((6%%;B)5296(-(C((-(,>%.(%(6%(%
6%B @(7% ((((&,,%%-(%=,%((6%(,((%(-(,#%%%,%%,((%%((%%%-
.
4(%%%(C>((%-(,,>(%C(=.((, ! ,6B % ( % (,, 6(% A (%(&B%(>%(%(6%,(,,((,(( C=.((((,,
,-()B-(%>%..@(%((%A%,(
(
2!
2!
(
2!
(
(#
2!
2!
2!3
-
(>%6(>C((%CB-(@(C(>((C
46%(C(6%>6B76D%>66%((%(((%(67B((-.((6B(C(%.(666.B%6%B%%C(%6>((6%((B((%(67%%>(%B(-((((%(%%>(,(%7%.(F6$9G
(%> (6 %,% (% ( % ( 6%%B(6$/(%6(&
$$/
4.%%%(%(C,(7(C((%(=(%>7%(6%>-,(%,,(>%-(%
!((.%B%(6%#(%6%((%->%,&B,((,6%.(%%%, %6
4, (((% %,(%,,%,%>,%6%%,(B(, =(6%%=>%%-.(%,((
(%(%%,(%C((%(, B.(6%-B(%(%(,(==(, C-(((46%(%((%B%(%(4%, (%)1B,%(,(F%'G(6-%F%2B)5))G4 %)D.(%D,
#(( "%F%G *( -% 4%% 4 # #=% (C (% 6( ;% -(.
,%6>=O,6OB(6((, B(=%=(%(67@%%
4%(%(((%(67!,%(,((%B>(%%%(%%#(6> O(%%O (&((7((%%4,((%%R(@B((,%
&((((((,B(.%%(((%>(67((%((67,(%-%F6$G
,,(7>%-- ( %B ( C % (%,B7((D(@@C4>%-()'!,6B!%%=>% -( (( % ,&)5
47%-6%((6%(B(((6((C%=.(4%F-609G(6%(&%(7%-6,&%(,>,(((%-,(,(%%B%%( ( ( (%%-(B6>%(%%(C>%(
4%%(6(%>%(C(.((6(.%,(BVB?
(.%,(%.,(>(%%B.(6(@>%OO((W!=())%(C>(%%.(>(6%,((C>%(%%.>(6%((.%,(BVB%?
-C(-(%(67B(>%69(-(>(,
-
%,((%!>,6(6%(%%(>C-.@%
%@=,(. (% ( K( *,.(%(C(%%.,&%
$"
J .%%( J@% ( %%
( J@%,&% J@%( J@%(,, J@%(-(% J@%(6%% J@%=.(, J%%,(" J6%,(
,J%(,(
J%(M
J%((M= J.%(, J.%(%,(, J (C6 JK%(;B;B;J%% ( %
,B& JU(%W J((6-(
%Y J .%,((CV J%% J@%(6%(& JD%%(% J%C(-(% J ,, JK%(&% J=%% J-&=RMJ ,,(6.%
(,@ J .% %
(@ J .%,&%@ J .%(
@ J .%,,>
@ J .%-(%
@ J .% 6% %
@ J .%=.((,
J 3% J(( J-(%((( J %%-(,(>
%.= J %%,-(
-(%%.=
/'&
-(%.(6>D(%(
a
a
a
a
!#!#!$$$$!#
#!#!##!
$$$$!###%
#!##!#$$$$!##
#%
#!##!##$$$$!#
#%
-
"($'',/$"
"( $ %&$
,
,
*+
+
+,!
+
+
+,
*
!&"&,
!
"(
'!'
""
!!--
"
#!
"
!"(
'!'
*
"'
'!'
"(
'!'
(',!'
"('!'
"#
"('!'
"
.!
.!
.!.!
"#"(
'!'"
(
/
!"
/
)
1//2350
/")
/
")
-
$)(%%>(,C%>%(%(,(%(%(%(
+4-,(=%%%((%((,>(B(%((-,B (%(B% %6( ( %(67(A(,@%.%(>,(%(>%((-,4(((,%,)10IB#*B3(9
HB W ;? 9+++ $$+"9B(( # F)2/0G$2K((B*BRB#"?9 """3+%"",",4 "9B(( # F)2/$G0'K=B W RB *=B 4? 9!$,"$""" "3+%"",'"9! )$02>K%
%! >#*$0%=#(((*%6B((B%>,0>1B)292WBWB!=(BW?9!$"$$+" "/""9B W %=F-,)2//G)$'1>)$20*%BW?9"", "3+%"",$$+9B*!%=B4!%%B"%6F&)21)G
Y(BWW?9-'"""%"$" 0,$ $$+ "9B W %=F#,()2/1G90)>90/BB#*B3(05
%BW?9$"+"%",4 "9BW %=F-,)21)G)$92>)$/14BW4?9!"!$,""($$+9BW %=F-,)21)G)'9>)2$6B!BW?9"($$+"$9BW %=F#,()2/2G0'$>02/BB#*B3(0/(BWV?93%"-0;"9B %6F%,)2/9G1)"6B#BCBW#B*BK*?9", 1+9B =((6%%F*>W)21)G$/
)!
"
%-(CO%OBO67O
((C%(%(-=,%(6-!,6B(A5=%((05B((67( C %(--%%>((
#%(%,(CA(-(C>(--(6%%(67-C#(C%(=-(>=%-%-67
4%6%(%-((C=&@%B.,=&%(%((67
"
"
#
#
'(',
(
"
)
-
%(%(%B(@%%>!,,%(,F-&G&6((
-6!(C%/P(6B%7(%A(&%%(,(
%(% !"B(%.%%!,,%%(%%>(C%(6
#(6%%(C(%-(F`95 *G4@- *%(6%%B%B(.%(C4>6.,-(C%-(%,%%,%(%(%%-B(%(,>B( %%( %-(
4%,%(,%-6D%67.%%(%B,%%-.(%>((%%67 . (.% -( (,%% (,%%>%=(,>%%,(%(C,(%(D(%A(,B%=%((%
$
!%%,(>
,.(%-(,&%-B.(.((%%%%(((>B,%%
' (6(B((%(6(%%(&((%. (. % (,>%!,6B ((>%C.D. %% ( %(%(6-,(B6%->.((6-(%%>(%%->%?%B(
' D. (.%((,-C(6 (,%((%B(6>=.(%%((,%%?
,(C(> ( %-( ,&%- -. 6&(( (, %-(B,(%B%%>,%4( (7(%%%.(%(
.(%(>@%.(@,((>%%7%6- (,B(% (,%(,%6((C(
%%7%((%,((%(67(%-(%!,.>((%7%%B7(
,#%(,%= % % (%%((B(6(B>(,%!,6B%>%%%B(,%%(&((,> 6 C%%(
K(%B(.%%((C%.>%B%%%B(.%>(.B@=,(((7(%(7%(
46(CB(%%(>((%((,%B % ( %B (%(#%(%.((-,(%(->(B,%(% (%, (>%B % 6 (-(%C(%>(%(
%,(#(%,(
)'$$"'$
! % (( -,( , ( 7%(%=>%(((C(C(
#G ( ;,( @ (>,& *%-"G (@,(#%%C %
G%7%( %( (% (,(% ,( %( %
%
%,(%((B%%((,( F(( B %-(B%%>( %.%%(((C(%%&6>(,(-(%
4(%%(>%(?
.
4((6=,((C(( %%% =,(B =,((%%%(%(C%,(IB(&%%
((C(%-->%%(%#7((,&%(%%(-. (%,( ((%=4(%,&%7%%(6(@(%%
8
4@(&%>%.%>B%==I(%%B>%(>B((%-(%6
,(%66%B(,.(C-((%@>%%D.-%(==((C(%(>B,%(IB( C %( (C O6O
!%%%(.%%(%-&&
-
%(%%% I(>%(%%((! -76D((%(67((,6>%.,((C,B6>%B(%-((((4(-(-(%-((>(
'/467=.(B((((C4.(=%%.(.%%(C(%,(=.(76>% (C % 4 676%(7%=.>(F;!G%(%-A%(%(6%B(C%%,%(C(&.%=.(((>,%
5(,((>%(%47(-%%,46A,%%(D%%(%C(%!,%&7>(,(%(4,,%((%>6((((A7%,%%,%-(-%(>C (6%.,(A7%.(%%(C%(% %(67B %B7%6(
*
4.%%-,(%,(,%C(, (6(B(.%(>.(%(%%%%, , ( ( %B(6%,%>(,%
>%% !"(%B%%>%% %,(>% %F G,(
)#*&%4-(>(A7%(C(,(.%-,%(6%%.>%6%&(,(64,%%(C&(,((%-(>%
,64%%B%6(D%( (6(B%%%(C(7(,%,(A% ( %% %! ,6B@%%%%>C%%(
!(.=(B,>%(,((>=@-A(((>,,%(6(,%A4-,(%(%,4%%%%.((%6B(%%B=%>B6B(%7%(>A(,
-%C(%%%-&
%.(((%I%((..%%((C%,&
%%-B (6.%B%M>%%I%((6&%-(%%(((,(#>.B%((@%-6%(,((>%(%%6((%,&
,
( % ( % %@%(6%(%%(( ,(%%%(%B%B((
*!$
(%-%B((%((%,&.,ABB(,&(A7
(%,(>%,&B%.%(>%-%(%,&%(>6. ( ( ( %,%%%%B( (% ( ( % ,%.,&-( (%-
4
(6((%((=>(6((%.,,(%-=(,D-(%-B(>%6(((%-(CB%%.,&B(,C.%%A(%,(%,&(%>((%%.>,%(,(
%7
(((6&B,&%(%,7-%>%((-,-@( (%%B>%%((@,(((66%
=B(6&>%(%7%%(%-((,(%-(%,(%(.(-,(
#%(>7,%(%(C!,%%%%%%B(.%(6>&-B%>%=.(B%6(%B6 %,7 -%>%B,(%((6&
%,(% ((%(C(%,&B,&( (>((%,&-(CB@%(,(6&>(( (%>% %CB(((-%(((&(>C%(
%'
!,(%(%7%(>%-%((C=(C6%-%6B(%(-((,%I,6B( ( 6, (-(%=(%%%-
-
1+B! )$9/B!%,)/>)2B)2'0)5> V6(-B WB1"%$+, """6 "
$" + 1+B #M
#29>$9B#()2>)B)229
))> * @B KR4-( "" " "+"% "%-%$"1+6! 09$B!%,$5>%,$B)21$
)> %((B,%B& B*%7B#*B)222
)1
!!
"$'
4 )
((%(>(,&%-B(%%%((>(C%.%>(&%7%(,>((%C%((A7>%
*((,&%-((C( %,(%6%((,>= (,D( %.%6I,(%(.@%%%%%,(B(>7(%%(-&
(%C(%%%,((%>7%(,%>%-%& 7 (,%6(,(%=C%(%%CB(6(B%=6B(%(%B(%((-,> ( (, ( , B % ((B.%(%(%(((
'(,%>%%( (%(A%B(.(>
%7(%I%,>(,%
/
.(,&%-(C(F>C%G(%(((CB((%(6(>(,4.(=%>C(6% ( ( CB %(@(%%%7%(!,%((6%,>%%-(.(C,&%-4 %,%BBA%6b %B%,((C@((C.%>6=%%%B.(%(>6(6,7(C(>((%
(.((6%(,>%6-(.B,(%>(%B%(7%%%%A (6(B>.B%(C,-C.(.((%(>=-(%6-.(B=B(,.,(>%(C(.%%((,%(%%@%%(%%(,(F>%G
(%(((-%.6(=%%(.%%(6%(>%(%(F%C(,(G
@% (C( (,%=>%(%(6(6%B (%.%((.6(!,6B%(%F>%((GB((((,6(%.6((.%
4%((.%( %(%(%C(,(((>%.&%F60/G
,(60/(((%(B@(%(%(%>7%(.%(B((->(%((%%F601G
-(% (%.%,(F60'G
(%,((,,(,(%%>(-(%((C6(((((B(%%% ((
%%.&%=%.%((((I%%(%%.&%(>(%@%C(%%,(%%%%(6((C
(B%(B((%D(%(6->B(%(((%7(-(%
!((%%,(((>F(%((GB(>(%-7B,(,=%.%(>I(%%%(%((C7(C ( %%B ( ( ,(B%6((>%-C,(%-(B(%%B(-(%@%.,6%-(>%((
$:
-
(6% %%,-((%-@(%((,
(%((67(&%%%(6%F)OB$O9OG
(6%%B,((%%.%((%((C((%(
$>%(.6( % (
0>,-(%7%6-((%,&%%(%--(>%(%,&(,
/>(C((6>-(%B(C(%%%6.?(%%-(C%-C((%%>C , -( ( ,(%%.(,((C%7(&,>(6%7B(.(B7(C%,(
$"
J C(J C%
J +6(% @J C=C%(Q#-J #-%(((CQ J C=C%(@BBCJC(@BBC#=J #=C%(((C
J ((KJ CJ #6(
J *(6-J ( ^J C(%-
J %%(.%"% J ((()BB$JC(
J %=-(KJ *(C((%V,J *(-()B)2'1
> H((!=(,6B"+++-$BB)>9B)22
$> (B B " "$(B?92>/1B)2'1
0> *=( W B "$ 3$$
""BR(B)02>)9)B)22'
9> !(,6B3$$ /$" B*@B3>2B)2'0
/> W66B "$ 4-%BR(B/>1B)2'1
1> * B $$ -5" &" $ B 1>1B)220
'> ";R(YB#"(YBR V(,B$$ """" "4" 3$$"%B ! )9/5B(B)2'/
2> V4*B "$"+
, (,% =%(%%>% (,( F6G %-(>%((((CF->602GB(%( ,( F6G
%%,( B A%(%((%(6(,=%.%(
%((==(>% ,
%. 6( ( =%.%%((((B(-(%>%%,@%(((6&,F%GF%,G=%(@%%%IB=>% ( -(% ( ( % ( =%.%(6&( %#B ==( (% -(,% ( (6,>>((%F,G
.%(((%(C((%B(>%(-(%%C6%>(%(%(((%
%(%B C %
1
/$
$
&7/$
$/
-
110 130 150 170 190 21090
2000
4000
6000
8000
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
Pro
fun
did
ad, p
ies
Tiempo de viaje sonicomsec/pie
100 120 140 160 180 200110 130 150 170 190 21090 100 120 140 160 180 200
B6$6
100 120 140 160 180 20080
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
Tiempo de viajesonico msec/pie
Pro
fun
did
ad,p
ies
90 110 130120 150 170 190
6383 73 61 53 51
34 3223 21 13 1112
43insertos decarburo
dientesfresados
B6$
ROP
Co
EXTREMADAMENTEDEBILES
DEBILES
MEDIANAMENTEDEBILES
MEDIANAMENTEDURAS
DURAS
EXTREMADAMENTEDURAS
#1C4
0
#
TIPO DE
LITOLOGIA
RESISTENCIA
COMPRESIVA
CODIGO IADC
Roca dbil, Altaplasticidad
30000 837
( 6$% (((C%(((>,((-(%
#(C((%%(&&%%=(%,-
@%(%,&*((, B((%(C%(%%(C(%H((-,
((.((6%K
$%&
,( C(>%%,>,(%,(%( ( % ( >(
$
(%%-,(>,(-(%>%.,%(6%% %(C%(B(%%-,(,(> ( 6(>%,(I,>%%B = ,((((%> -C. (.%(%%% (%%B(->(%>.((%>(>%(%%
! ,6B % %,(C>%@> %% ( (C%( (C-C>
$
(,(%(,(6%(B6(,B6(%>=%(%-((6,(%%(%(,=%CO%O.%%,D>%,((%(C((>B%%((C(,
!,6B@%>% % ,(%, (6 #7B (% % ((=%,(B %(% ( % (
($%
$
$,4894.0/
$
-
!$$'
6(B(%(67((,B,(%(6> (.B %,((%((%(67(B(>%(((%,>(# (,%6(%(%%.%((((>(,(B%>%4 61&( (%%-(6((%%(D%((%(,(%%(%(6.-(F6'G(((67(F62G&(?(61%'555%(%%.%)216M%F6MG(6' % %( (@%$%29B)500))$)6M%%%C(1(7(62
$>K(%%.%6%(((B6$5
0>!,6$52(((%%-((%%.>%%%B6$)
%( (% (,6%B%(->(%
,(%(((>%(,(>( (%B%(>%7%(6(((%(%(,
==(%>%%%(> ( B @ (
)'$!$"'$
, ( B %((-,(,B>M(%((
#G ((3
%( %(((BA%>%(((>%.((=.(%,%(C%%%(,>((CI7(>%((,,>-(%B(6-(%
4(A((%7%(-,((-(6%?
(,(,(%>
-(%((6& %(%((6& *C(A( %(( *%(%,((6& %(%6%
$
$/$
-
*)
%%(%(>%B(%(%((%4%(>%-((>6D(((( ,%(%-%F%6%%,(((!-(,%(%(C-6,%?
4(!%%(C,%@((%,%(%>-%4((%-( % %. (-(-%*=#%(% ( (( ( >%(@(((-(->% (( ( %-%?
- $ & $
@%((.%(%%(.%
(&%,%%
(%-%.%B->%%-((>.,%(6% B(==%,.%%-(%C>% %(B(%.%>(%D(>%6(6(6(6B(6%%%%,(%
&'
!(-((%%.%(&(%.>,(B(%%(.%.,%=6
%,%( ( %B %
6(%,7 %(-(
%(C((%7B77
#%
4(%%%(((6>(%((B%(=%.%((((B%D,((C
?
=J =%.% J
?
(` 5 =` (a5 =a (J5 =J
4(%-%D(%(6-B -(B (7(((>%B(C%&>,(%6(,%%%(((C
4%%((%B(%%B(%(,((%6%-6B (,-%(-(%
#%(%%>(F%O;(HOGB>%%%.(%B @% ,(,>%((=,
(69%(%(
((,(%%C(*B(((D-%(((
%,7(%(%%(>(%(-(%,%(C",((((B,,(%%%&%((
((,%B(%(((,(-(%=%(=%.%F69$G
%%B (690%>%(-(%,%(%%(%6>%(-(,%> (6 (=(,%>(6(%,((6
4%%(699B ((,%%%C(%@%B( ( % (%(=%.%(
"
$
/$
-
((%,(%(C((%?
(%(%(C((%(CC((%?
((%-(-7>(%(.B(%%?
!%?
(%B(.6(%(( %( C.(6(09ZI%B((C((%(.6(%-C(%(((-(C(F69G
(.6(%6(> A ( ((I .B %.%((>%((((
% ( .6( % %.CC((%>%(%(%(>% (%%B-%(%-%(.6(%F>6/G%.%%6(-((%(C((%(%(%#7B(%(%.A(>%((%(%((%6(%(,CA(%(D%(#(%(>% (-(.6(>%%=%B(.6(((C((%%(%D%(,C
C C
6,((C((C,(%(((,(%6(,7(%(-((,(-(> % -(C,((CF,G(%
,(%B(6(((>(
-
%%%64%%(.%%%?
(,((%C(,(,(%%(%.?
!(%B6(,( % (B (%B (,( (%CA(>(,(%%(B(@(
&$
#(%%C%-,( (%%B((,%%%,(,%%(.%#%>6(((>,.
*
%%((@%% ( (%( ( (6%(*%.%%@?
&2
(%(C>(6%(%%,(>(.%((%%(C-(,!@?
&-
(%(C((((%%(,(((C%6(,((!@?
&)"
(,-((>C(-(,,>((@?
*(,(
( , ( ( -( %C-(>(!@?
((@%%(,-(
-
( C %((%%.>(%(%(((-(-%*=%%(&(% ( C((% ( 4 60-(-%%7*=%-,
4@%.%((%(C((%(C%%B(>(=@%%(6@(((-#"?
(CC((%B(>%=-B(.6(%(C(%-
4@%.%%(%%(%%(%%,(?
(7((7%%#,%(%(
%%(C,(%(((,C , (% ((D%(4.%B%((,%6(B,(5)B5555)I,6B-79)96()
0!
%%%.,((C%%(C-(7%?
4((-%(%>C
4.%(%(BV%.(>(.6(%B(=
(((6%?
6.(7CW-%(((%(-(,((((((
%(@((CB( (%@,(%7@%C6="%%%BB6(>%%(C.(>
1 2
3
ToCo 1'2'
To Resistencia uniaxial a la tensin.Co Resistencia uniaxial a la compresin.1 Circulo de Mohr para una prueba a tensin uniaxial2 Crculo de Mohr para una prueba a compresin uniaxial3 Circulo de Mohrs para una prueba Triaxial ( 2= Presin deconfinamiento)
//-$
#
,"#"#
"#
+*
.+
"#+*)
"#+*)
/ /3 +
%(B-%,&-%6B-(@%((,%B=%>((%(%>,(-(((>((6((CF-(((&C>O(H>-(%OGI((-C ( -(( ( %-,(B(-(((%-((-(%> ((%((! ,6B >, (,% (C>((( F6>,%%G (F6>6(G% % %(->(7%% &( , (-( %F691G
, (,% >%(%(-(%@%-(05I-(%>%6%
(%(->,(-(%> @%.%%(7B-.>
(-(-05F69'G?
?
J3(.%((BF%G
%(%(((B(%(-(. 7( @( , (%%B>(%%(B%(%%7((-((7B%%%
((((B(%>((.%%>,(%%!(%(%((%(%((7(B,@%(%=%(%
$
//$
-
O CQ P2 1
#->8
A
B
CO 3 1
//$>8
6,((>%(((%((C%-(9$00)7%(-(
51
@%(%(C(%>-B(( %( (7%%(( (%,((((!(>%,&%%C..@>4-(C.@F)G(%F$G>%((
@%-%((((%%B7(%.(6((( (%(,,(67%
&/
)255*= ((C((%(B(C(C((%((%7%(%((6*=,,(%(C(B%)B$%-%4(((%.(6(()$%!,6B%,(B\$)`#(C(6B)%.% %.%:(6%%C(.% :B(%B
I%.? J)MF)>G ( %%B (%%((&=C%(>(-(.@7(C((.F@%G(-(.@>(CC((%
4(7(*=%-%%=%(((>,%-(-%((%( %7 (C(C((%%.(>%(%(JFG46>$%%(%.%(-#"
4((%.(6(-(%(((%%%%
%(((6>6(B7,%%.>%F692G
,%%(%B==(%%%(%>(7(%(%(-(>%F6/5G
#. = , (% (%((-(>%B%,((%%6%-F>6/)/G
(%%B%,-(%(,%=%(6%B%(-(>%B%>(%(%,&>,(F-((/N-(G
!=,%,A,F)GB %%-,(-(%)-(%7(%AF>6/$G (,.%>%(%A(%7((.6,(
B ( %B%, ( %AB%%(%7((((&6>(,(-( % 7>%B % >%%?
,B,(,(,C(%(F*"G?
?
N3J%(N*"J ,C(%(
"
(%(-(%%(-%(%(% %(%((
(%%(B((%.(%((7>=(%(7(,( ( ( C F&G
%(%(,((B(((>%(((
4 - ( (% = ( =,((&%7(6>(%-%(%((CF%%G(%(%(6/0
#(%(6(B(-(>%%
&7/$
-
%( %6(%C(,%-#.B(67(>(6(6 (%>%B=(DB(-(%% B(% :(%6%(-((%6%6(%(% BB((((%46%(%>%(%((.%%((((.>%%(%6%%((=%(67 %( ( -%
#(C-((.>!(B%.@.(%(46)(%(,.% ( , (6% , C(
B(C%-%(((,(%(B>(FGB,6%-(,@( C( >%)%-I(%>
%B(%((()>%%6%-4((@>(%((%(6%((>( @?
-)
#((C%%(%6(B%-#((-%(>%%(%.4(((%,C4-(>((((6%=(%76-
(%C%-%>6(% C6=)2$B6 ( ((%( -7(%( ((6%((
4(C%-C6=(((.(((C(FC(((G((7%6( (%%B(C%-@?
(C%%((
%C%--(%%(M(=>= (%% (6(%((%%(6(% ((%%(.%BB(.%,(>( ( (%% (6(4@?
Fuerza
GeometraOriginal
GeometraDeformada
d2
d1
#
($
/$
#/$
-
oEs p
Co
A Ef
B *
C
*
Desplazamiento
Fuerza
Falla de laroca
Deformacinpermanente
(#/-$:@$
o
(a)
o
(b)
o
(c)
F
FQ
P PF
Q'
$:@$
4%(C,(C%>-B%C%-(&%(.6((> (( %- F G %(6%
.%%.(%(-(CB>@%. ( 4@((%((>C(B%&(%46.(C(%(>.-(((6)2
%-%%%6(6((F#G(%,(%@%%(((6%!(-B(7(%>7 (%7>%4(%%.(>%
%((6F#"GB(7(%(>%((>(6%((
% (( %%(BB(((((6?
47(%%%(66B(%%B((6(6C((.%@(%(>%%>6
%.((.(%"(((6B6A-,(,6((%%(.(%%(>(%%(-(-.7(((.%%%!>,6B(%7(%6%=(.((4(6%-,%(%(C(%%
.(-(C((>CM %( (C ( 65FB,G
4 -CMFG (( (7((C,%(%#%%((> (( % % F( 6G!,6B%((%(%(((%(.%465>%(-%-6%(>((46F,G%%(%%(.%%%.D(%(C(%((4(%%%(
=
$
$
/
-
:((C(((%
_%(C%-
4@_(% %(C%-4@(% _ ^^ @B ?
4C(%%%B->%.(B#B.(%(C%%?
(C(%%F!&&(((%G%?
:((C%%B((%
4(%-(%%>(%.(%>C %((C%,(
((CB((C%%->C%-(,&%- (%((C%(>%%(C(%4%%B((>B,%%((>-,%%
4%(76((C% (( ((%-(%(%4%((&&%(C%!((%%-((((B%>(%.(%46)'(%($:
.+
22
=
=
.+
2
)
0
?!((%,&C(A(&(%,((6&> ,(B(%(% %((B (=%((%%>%,(( )-$
,88?.
%,( ( 6& ,(%(,
%%(%%.%,( -B% >(%.4C(((%>%((%(->( %B ?
4%7%(,>(%(%>,(%B->%(%>=(%%>%(,F%B>%B%,,(B,,((>%(%,((>%(%((6&
! ,6B ( % % %.((.5N-(B%,(-(%-%%D(% ,(%%((%>%(-((,,(>(((
-
4C(%.?
,-(6)1((.( %% =6 (%%?
%%(C(%>% C %,%(C( 6(((6, ^ ^^(% @ %-%(
%?
%
!%%(%%?
,&(%B%?
%C ( ( % %6>.(C
C(
(6)1,-(C@%D(,(-%(((%#-
(%%(C=C%( @%.?
.(6,%
0=/$:
Pn
Py
Px
P
P ''
P '
Pn''
Pn'
"
.+).+ + "
+*)+*
.+ + +*
$
;$/
$
(%(%%((,(->(%%(6/1/'!@%.%%(6%(7?
?3J%%BN3(
4 @ % -.( D% (((%%($5N-(
%.
(%.%,(>%%((=(%(=.(
,%%(6%%-%>6(CBD@%6(%>%%(%I(=@%D%(((@%
,(%B(>B(C(@>%%,@%%>-(%%(6>%6%?
[:(6&.%\
[.( (.(%.%((C(,(>(6&\
[:%%-( (>C\
%%(((B%>%(-((6&B(((%
K(%=%(==6%(&%((,(-(((%-%,&(,B%%((C%(( %%B=%,( (-(((,&(,%>
+*".#+*".#
-
#(C(%%((>B(C%%(%(%%,(%(#.B(%(%C(6%B>B%((%D(C %%(6)$((%%6(&
& (%(&Q(-% QB%>.%(@BBC>,B(.#(@B(C@(C>(%%.((.#(&CC((%%(%(((# (&C@% (%@%%-%(((%(C(%(%%(-%C @>( %%%.%(%,.C.(%((,((%,(%(C(((@%%C((@((((
,@%%%6&%(C,@(BB(,&((.(((-.,,((F(%G->(,(F6)0G
%(,C(%%?
C(BB(((IB%D(%,((>%!((.(.6((%C(=C%(
C%B%-%C((%B%.(, (%
4(C@(>%(6)9
Z
Y
X
xz
xy
x
Pox
0
%
y
x
n
0
$%55
!$:5
n
y
x
''
'
n''
n'
$
%,(-(%(6%(&
=-7(%((7%(C(,%>-(%=B(-(%%(%(6&%.>@-((((=.( 4 6 /2 15 (% (%(=.(,(-(%%>,,
((B=%,((->(%%%>((,,(B%6(C>%((CI%((7(
,%%,(%(,>B((((6.->(,, %,-%B % ,((C((6&
%-(%%%(>% =.( ( , %B@%%->,%%(&(C%=.(>B(-(%(%=.((,?
(C%=>.(((C?
( %(-(((%-
-
(.#%(%F6)G
%(%%OO%@>%B.B(7 %-6(%(%.%%-%- (%%B%%C@C.((7%((M##%(-%C(%%-.%%
,-(6)B@%D>%(%-
-
,G%7%
"=
6%6(%%-%(((
6(
!%%%6%>B6((,=B% &% 6%%%(%%((
(C
%.%B(%B,%(%6.=(%B%,=C(((
(%
(C (%((=(>C6> ((CB >.
%
%((CI>-BB(,(6C%.,%B -(-. % (,((C
(
*%( (7B % 6& %% %%
4%%
%%%((((%%4(%%%B(%%(.,%(
#
%-(-47 ( >% 6% C%,%(B7(>((((6%.6B@(6(
4,((6( ( == % (,((((((C-(*>=%%(,(B>(%B%(B(((%(,%%%%(>%4((,,.%,-%%((%%7% ( B ( B B%%#.B,. %(.(6%,>C-6&(B((%(67B%(%(%..(%B((6-%(.>%%((%
.%%%(.B(-(>%%.6,(
,,M(->( % >%@%(%>(((>%% %. (% (>((B % =.(,(B -(6&B>(((,B((%>%( ( % >B% (-(%> = (%%((,%,%>, F,
$
8/9$
#/$86
-
67
4%67>((6,6.(((%(%(>%(-
66.
4%(6.A>%&(%%7(((%%%B((!,B@%>(B%,%>%%(
4%,(9%6(((>(%6
TIPO DIAMETRO (mm)
CANTO RODADO 265
PEDRUSCOS 64-265
GUIJARROS 4-64
GRANULOS 2-4
ARENA ,ARENISCA 0.062-2
CIENO 0.004-0.062
ARCILLA MENOR A 0.004
%7%)555 %C(%.6((>6B%A>%7%(
G(6
((%(%%%>( ( 6B%> ,(-%(((-
4(.%,% %A46>(B,6((%A(%,(0
))"
CLSTICO QUMICO ORGNICO
CARBONATOS EVAPORITAS
CONGLOMERADOS CALIZA YESO TURBA
ARENISCA DOLOMITA ANHIDRITA CARBN
CIENO SAL DIATOMITA
LUTITA CALIZA
) #$
,(GID@% % .% %C % ,(%%,(>6%(,((&(
(%(,(-(>%%.,%>% ,(,%=%(-(-7%(,,>I%6(C%(,B((C% (. % %6%%F61G
+
4-(%(-((((%%=6(%4-(%@>D%-(>%
(%(-(%>,(-(>%%.%, ( % ( ,,,%%B(%%>(-(%%F61$G
%(61$>-(-(%%%>( (-( %>IB@%(((%, >B((%(->(%(-(> % ( ,%.&(>%@(
%%-B>,.
4/$
$
/
$
-
"
B(.((67%(,.%@>((%(%>(A'5C>%(.B(%.(%
4#(((.?O4%(>(%%.((.%%(>%(C(,%7O
-%6,(.,,(B(,(-(67-(B(=%((OO#(6%%(C(.%,C%((,(6FGB%%(.%%B(((B,(%(64((>(.%,&>%(%%(,(>(A%((6%%(67(((.(>%%(
%7%(%((%7%(%%(!%%.@((((>%%,.(CB%,B(> (( ( B ( % ((B (,%(.%((((,%
/$
(B(%7%-(-7=B%%B#((( 6(B (B 6(4%.%%(%Y(%
%%% (%>7%7(((%%(>B7(((,>(-(%
&'
4(67(%(7>B%%%(B7>((((%(=6%(6.(%(C
4%,($%(7(>6 (( % % (
'
(-&
!(,>%( 6(% (((6
)4$-
((%-(%F>)95GB%%I(-(%%.%-((-->(%
()!
!=%,(%(>,,M(-(%%(-(%
(,,(-(%.%%(B( %( ( -,( >(%(%,% (%>%B%.%,.%&%
(%(-(67.>,(,F%(,,>
M-(%G.(%%(-(%I>@%(67=.((6(C%((CF610G %(B%(-(67.%.%6%->,(-(%B((66%(%(%%%%(,
4BW4$$+"("BW B-)215B)$1244BWK"($B>%#% (3( ( B
*B)22$
)0.1!!
%(.B((%>((C((C((%=%(
4(%((>B((((%,(6%(
%.%(6(%>%=.(
(%=.(B%6%B(.@B(%.%
(6%((-(((((%,I%>%B(%(67(((%((C
(%%B,=(.((=.((%((B7>(.%%(%,I%B
-
,%(
G(,.(?%(6>=(%%,,(%%%,(B%%
G!((A=.(?%(=>.(%B7(%(%(B,((C(%(%(,
E"-E"E"(
4,=-->(((>,(%-(6&4%,7(,>(,&%(6&I(=6%B((,,B(=(-(((6&7
,%,&>((,4,=%.A(B6,(B ( %, %.-%%(%(B6,(%-((B((%((4(%%(%.((,(,%(%-%(B%%@%>AB,%(&%
#.B@%%%,(B( ( B7B(%%B.(%-(%%%>?(,(B(,>%%,7-%%B,.%6AB(>%,7(@,(%%
+","
)[:(%B%(C%%%(%((>%
[:(%,
E,(6(6E%.(6,E"(%,(%7%(,E,(%-,E(,F&((#G
$[.(((,\
-(F%C%B,B>-(%(-%C
0[.((%,\
E"%E"%&E"(
-.!!
'#"/
%7%(%(%,.%(%%.(B(%%(.%.>%B7(,(>%(((,
!% -,(B % %,(B ( ((CB,@>%%-(6>%(%,
4.@%=.((,>(%-(,,B,(-((%%I,6B-C((6(-(O(C%OF%(-%(6GB(%(%=>.(&%%(-
4%=.((((,,%(CB%B-(%(((%(%B%,,%,G%(%%>-(%(%(%B&6%-(%=.((,%6(%C(%=.((,>(6%-(C
!@%(=.(( (CF; ;GM6(.(
4(.%(%,(6%(,,
(%A(%,(%% %% ( -(%B%(6% ( (C(6&%,(C(F6%@--,G-(%
(-(% (%>%B((6%C=.(,%%%(6%4(,&%>%(((%,B(67,,
@%(%%(6%(,>,?=6%@-->,B6&B(-(,B%(->(%((; =.(6%,&%?(%(C(6>&B (%B,(% (
,%%@%=%
-
%%,%%%B%%AB((,%%(4B %A%%7%%,%
%,%,%D(-C7(%(%
4,! 6(% A%%((%%A7A>%,%)55B555.15B555Z%%(%.%
% .(B ,6 %-
-
(#
4,%%(B(6((%%%B%&%(%CF-6'G(%(&(%%CB(%%%%(>%( (,B >%A((6#
(%,(%(%(>(-(>B%D(>%%(F62G% .% ( ( ,
- F!YGB-C,-F6)5G
(%%%,%B((6(%%>%( %%%(C>%(% %((I(%A-7(%A (,?%.,-(B.A.(>%,4%%(C%%,B6(
(%%(%(,%%D,%((>%(.=%=%(('5N(%%(B%((5N6(%-(C
"#$%
(A(,%%%%(B.B6(>%%(%,7(%>(%B(%(%
/,0*!)1+#2.
)#*+!#3$
,G!(7)$5Y6MB(%(%,,)5Y6MB>( (,'5Y6M,%.%=.(
>,(.@,M(,,,%6%(%B%,&(,,((
$>#( (B (7,&I%,>&(6(A((; =.(
0>(.(((7=%% ( 6 =.( >% 955155%B(6
9>( ( , (6%.6(A=.(
/>-( ( (C (.((=.(
1>#((((0(.(((7>B(%(((-%%%-4->((6%.%%>%,7
'>!((((6(%(
4,%>(04((%4(->(.%"6=
4 -((F(H%G(&(
"6=(&(
6(&%,(%
%
%"#$
(
%
( "#$
%"#$
)
)
-
(6%%,B((6&>%&%(-7(>%((>&B7C((>%-(,B(-CB%(> (6(%. ,- ( B.A.(%,(,
!
4#((%(%,%&(%(%?%%(B % >%(%(F G%%F(%%DG,%%7%,.>?
)%*%(((,$ ((,0A=.(((9%,((&/A(%1(%
(%(6#B@%(>%%( ( A , >%?((%B.6( ( (%( %B %%((,(6%(( (,!, %(( % >%%((((,>%B(%%6#
(%,(6%.(%(>%7%
(%,(%(%,%%(6#,%&,=%B(6#,%B(6#,%((( X%BB %%7%.(%(
1er Dgito 2do Dgito 3er Dgito
Sistema de rodamientoSistema deCorte
Dureza
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 91 Suave2 Media Suave3 Media Dura1
Dientes deaceropara
formacinblanda
4 Dura
1 Suave2 Media Suave3 Media Dura2
Dientes deacero paraformacin
media4 Dura
1 Suave2 Media Suave3 Media Dura
Dientes
de
Acero
3Dientes deacero paraformacin
dura4 Dura
1 Suave2 Media Suave3 Media Dura4
Dientes deinserto paraformacin
muy blanda4 Dura
1 Suave2 Media Suave3 Media Dura
5 Dientes deinserto paraformacin
blanda4 Dura
1 Suave6 Dientes de
inserto paraformacin
media1 Suave
2 MediaSuave
3 Media dura
7Dientes deinserto paraformacin
dura
4 Dura
1 Suave
2 MediaSuave
3 Media dura
Dientes
de
Insertos
8Dientes deinserto paraformacin
extradura 4 Dura
TOBERAS
PARA
LODO
Y
BALEROS
ESTANDAR
TOBERAS
AIRE/LODO
Y
BALERO
ESTANDAR
PROTECCIN
AL
CALIBRE
Y
BALERO
ESTANDAR
BALERO
SELLADO
AUTOLUBRICABLE
BALERO
SELLADO
Y
PROTECCIN
AL
CALIBRE
CHUMACERA
SELLADA
CHUMACERA
SELLADA
Y
PROTECCIN
AL
CALIBRE
PARA
PERFORACIN
DIERECCIONAL
OTROS
)#*+!#,-.$
(&%,(%
%-%%%-
(&%,(%
-
%(%B(>%?
)%,(%$%0% % %6% ,(
9% % %6% ,(
/% % %6%
1%%%6%'%%%6%@>%
(676%%(6C( ((. (,37-B(%?E -E -E E
(%76%%(%%(, (,=(B%?
)%,(,(%.%,M(%A,(%.
$"(%.%((,0"(((%(,,(9"(((%((,/=((1=((%((,' (2%
4%,()%.%6(>CB(6#%%%(((,%
4,%%A(>%(# ( %B %-(B%%7%7>,((%(%B>.(%B-6D(%(,(%7%(,>
%(%(&(,,%6%F%CG,,
%,%,>%%(% ( 4 C @% ( (%%- %B(6%,>B=%-
4,%B@(,> B%,((((%(-==.(>%.A%(((>%-((,%(%(((-76(>F6'G
4%C((>F-76GB(,%%-,(((,=%,%%6>,.B ( (& %%C ( (& (B%,
-
((,.,(>4%%%%>,%6%%-7.(&>%((,((,%&((( &% = -((
-B ( % %>(((%%4.%%((((6FOO 6G.%(>%((C((((&%>-(-(%(%(64=%&>%,%%((6>6 %( (6%%%(6%%&%-.(6(7(%%>%%(
-(&%=%.(-C.(6(,>%4%,B%B%(%((=%%%((%((&%4(>(&%==%%( % ( ,CB (6B,C%%(%>%(%(6%>%%(6%%%>%%6(%%>(,(-(&%(%%%>%
(,((,>%?
E@(,(%,7
E&(&%-%(
E4%%((,%(&%
E4%-%
(%((,6((==.((C.%-( (C#%>%B%%,,6 ( ( %((,((,(%(B(7(,(%=B((%((=%((CF6)G
4,, % %%(((C%,%(C4((>,( (,B-%(%-(B7(((%,,%6%
4,%BB(.%(C (%( (%(B%(?C6B76%A7%A,%%>7%(,%B6%C%(#>%(%%% F#G#%@(((B((,%>%6
4#%(%%% >F#G=((%%>C((,%>((FG!((%F%%GB((>((AF%(,%(%(>%=%(%,(,%
-%%(%,-(%(%% ,>%(#(%F6#GB(%76%B(%
(76% %( %%%%%,
(V J%%B>6M(,>
6M)55
#%J+%,, B(6J %B(,M)55
7(%(%,7
J015>)$15FG
F(&%,(%G
7(%(%,7
!)55B(&%,>(%
-($555B)B555B555
JU(%%((&B(4/55J4%(-7%/554$55J4%(-7%$55KJ K(%B(,M)55
VJ U%B(,@6M)55
3J 3((((%(%,7BM
J .%%(%,B(6K J%6
-
$
(%.%%(>61(%74>,,>%.-%(B (%%B%6@%
@%%A(?
%.((,(#%(,((,(%(,
(%%(7(>B((6,.>(4&%%.>(C(&%> (C(%(%76,%%&%,%%((B=B>, %%. ( %% %!,6B(6CB(6%,B%&%>%%6
(,%(B(&%%.((%(CB(%,@-I.B(6B(-(%(%B(%(((,,((&(,(%(>&%C,,A%
4&(((((%.A(C(&=4%(,(>%(%,(&=%(6%(>&%%.6%B(%(,(%,%((,((&%B (%(%,%6%>% (=6C#. ((%(&%F,(((GB%(6BB%,((
#,%(,B(&%>((%#7%%&%%-7
%
:J K%,,B6(M J4%-(%(-7%B
(,M)55,J %(%B(46J 46%(J D(B(J ((B6MJD(7%B(J %B( J 7%,7(G
4J 46%%,7B
&(.((A=.(B(>(( (6 S4%T(S(.%"6=T
#((( (6 O(%O
K%7(C
%O /95
")1PO>))
9O>)29(,MB>01/O>09'5
>'O@$O>'5
@%F;RG>9O@$O>))55
>5OBC%>)5555
(?$OB(6>095
(
?)096M$
4/55J'' 4$55J9/3>$
>0(,M)55K(5>0(,M)55",(
7(@>B%>)$55
)O@/O
*.@,M$12$(,M(6>)5,M
(%
3( % > )9MF0M=G
.((=.(?)295#/95
(%%(>$955(,M(6
.(( (%
>#(($96(MM ,
$96(MM "Q)19OJ/)$6(M
$>((((6O(%O
!)!
+!*
+!
!!
'!!
,!!
-
46(,,((%@%.6(&%B>((B,(((=((B(%((,(4&%,(-%(B(6B,,,6B>(=%
4((&=(&%((@%%(%(&>%B%(=, (% ((((&%C4(%(%(,>=((>%@%,B%(C>%(=(%(%
#%(%((,%>%%(%%%%&>%4(%%(%>B,.%(B(%,%6%B(6&((4&%,(((B(,(B,(((=((#==(,>B(,(A,.(%
(%(%%(%.(,> &(B (, ,(BB%(&>
%.AB(>(%.(6((,%%.%(64,B,,&6B%>(%%.,%B&%.6.-6
%(6>%7(%((%%(%B%.%%(6$(%>DB&(%%(,B.((C6>(C%%4(,,(F69G>%%(%-%>,%.6(,.B>6((%%(%>%(,4@%%>%@%(&%> (=( %%&
(%.C%((%(,B,(%((B(&>%-(%,(>.%-%(>%,(B,%(@%(&(F6/G
!"
#
F((65/26%-B)19((((6G
(
J015>)$15F5/2GJ$B$9
J$'B)$)J$B$9(&%,(%
,7
;R
!
&
!
!
#'$#
&
!
&
&!(&
!#$%)$'$#)
'
(
!"
&!(&
!#$%)$'$#)
'
!!#'$#*
-
(,=F6)G4%,(,%%-7(((%-(%((C>-(-%(%7((,(&(%%%(, (( %,%6%(%%%=,>B)29)B%7%(7,%6%%,@%B(6&%==((>%%%
(%-@%-(%%7(>%%%>%C-.(,%(.>(K(%B,.(&&%,(=%%
)292B((.%(,(((B((%>%% (,B>(&%((((6(-(,F69G %(,>%,%6%
(.%%(6((6)2/2(%(&%F=((G4%&%&((%,%6%(%%%K%(%B(-(,>((6(
4,%%%%>6,&37>%%%B%%%,%6>%,%% %%%? (%%%B(&%((,
4%%%B%B%.%,(&%B((,%%%%6(((,>F60G
(
#(((G(&(
J10)/2L)59/J19(,M(6
90L25'L$02L19J)$'/(,M(6
)$'/J))0(,M(6
4,
#@% %( %=.((%B.%(,(02N
%>)/M$OI)%>)9M$O$%>)/M$OJPO
$>)/M$O#%J59'256F-%,(.%,B6G
3%J
+(,J51'90@,J51'90Q)19J059(6
0$0; M059(6J)'5; M6F%,(B>7@)G
3J9$0M.(((F>(2G
7((%%%,(=-(
J-(%(B6M
J7((B(,M6
J(CB
J((B6M
!"
#$#%
#$ "
&
&
!"#$%#
$
Sin ttulo002barrenas e hidraulica de perforacion(2)I. INTRODUCCIN Y DEFINICINInformacin requerida y principios
II. TIPOS DE BARRENASBarrenas tricnicasBarrenas de cortadores fijosBarrenas especiales
III. MECNICA DE ROCASObjetivoIntroduccinEvaluacin de formacionesConceptos bsicosPropiedades mecnicas de las formacionesMedicin de las propiedades mecnicas de las rocasAplicacin a seleccin de barrenasReferencias
IV. SELECCIN DE BARRENASCriterios de seleccin de barrenasSeleccin por medio de registros geofsicosSeleccin en funcin a la formacin que se va a perforarFactores que afectan el desgaste de barrenasEvaluacin del desgasgte de barrenasEvaluacin econmica de rendimientos
V. OPTIMIZACIN DE LA PERFORACINIntroduccinModelos matemticos de perforacinDerivacin de ecuaciones bsicas
VI. FACTORES QUE AFECTAN LA VELOCIDAD DE PENETRACINIntroduccinVariables inalterablesVariables alterables
VII. HIDRULICA DE LA PERFORACIN