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Revolutionary Technology for Rodent Control
• The first SGAR co-active to be available in the UK
• Formulation optimised to rodent sense of sight, smell
and taste (palatability)
• The first rodenticide in the UK market to include
fluorescent tracking
Muskil is a patented technology (EU 2090164) combining two active ingredients
Bromadiolone (0.0025 %) and Difenacoum (0.0025 %)
Muskil® is a registered trademark of Zapi S.p.A
• Fluo-NP is an abbreviation for Fluorescent and ‘No Phobia’
• No phobia to sight and smell
• Field Protocol:
– Step 1: Pre-treatment evaluation with placebo bait: Six days
– Step 2: Conditioning period: Six days
– Step 3: Muskil treatment: Six days
Muskil bait acceptance field trials: Summarised protocol
Efficacy and Performance features of Muskil
• Fast kill
• Effective against anticoagulant resistant rodent strains (Y139S & Y139C)
• Proven in laboratory and field (Reading University) vs both susceptible and resistant species
• Lower toxicity to non targets than other rodenticides such as Bromadiolone, Flocoumafen, Brodifacoum
PASTA LABORATORY EFFICACY TRIAL – RAT
Comparative results
0
10
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50
60
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100
1 2 3 4 5
N° DAYS
BROMADIOLONE PASTA
MUSKIL SUPER PASTA (study report2010/292)
BRODIFACOUM PASTA
DIFENACOUM PASTA
QUICKER SOLUTION
PASTA LABORATORY EFFICACY TRIAL – MOUSE
Comparative results
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
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100
1 2 3 4 5
N° DAYS
BROMADIOLONE PASTA
MUSKIL SUPER PASTA (study report2010/292)
BRODIFACOUM PASTA
DIFENACOUM PASTA
QUICKER SOLUTION
Romax Muskil Pasta efficacy trials against anticoagulant resistant strains
Source Prescott, Reading 2011
Laboratory Protocol • Test species 1: Welsh resistant Norway rat (Y139S)
• Test species 2: Reading resistant House Mouse (Y139C)
• Five male and five females used in each test with identical pasta
formulations with non toxic alternative food constantly available • Three actives tested :
• 50ppm bromadiolone • 50ppm difenacoum • Romax Muskil
Romax Muskil Pasta trials against resistant rat (Y139S)
Source Prescott, Reading 2011
Test Species Active ingredient
Sex Mortality Mean days to death
Welsh
resistant Norway Rat
(Y139S)
bromadiolone F M
4 out of 5 5 out of 5
6.3 4.6
difenacoum F M
Total 5.0 5.2
Romax Muskil F M
Total 4.0 4.6
Romax Muskil Pasta trials against resistant mouse (Y139C)
Source Prescott, Reading 2011
Test Species Active ingredient
Sex Mortality Mean days to death
Reading Resistant
House Mouse (Y139C)
bromadiolone F M
0 out of 5 1 out of 5
N/A
difenacoum F M
Total 9.6 7.2
Romax Muskil F M
Total
7.8 5.8
Laboratory evaluation: Resistance efficacy
• Two rodent resistant strains evaluated with Romax Muskil:
– Welsh resistant Norway rat (Y139S) – Reading resistant House Mouse (Y139C)
• Separated into males and females
– Romax Muskil gave 100 % control of these strains with faster kill.
– Bromadiolone killed one out of ten resistant mice. – Difenacoum also gave 100% control, but control took longer
than Romax Muskil (Mean days to death in mice between one to two days longer).
MUSKIL PASTA AND WAX BLOCK WITH ZAPI FLUO-NP® TECHNOLOGY
UV TRACKING TECHNOLOGY
FLUO=FLUORESCENT NP=NO PHOBIA
These particular colours have the chemical
property of absorbing UV (ultraviolet) field
radiations and emitting a visibly fluorescent
radiations through Wood’s lamp-UV torch
Wood’s Lamp-UV torch
The idea was born from the consideration that
adding fluorescence to rodenticide baits (fresh
baits and wax blocks of various shapes, sizes
and geometry) could be a valuable tool to be
used to:
- reduce the neophobia typical for rodents;
- increase the attractiveness-palatability of the
baits.
Reduction neophobia
By inserting a colour that absorbs in the UV
field, rats will recognize/identify the bait as
something the other members of the
community have already inspected or
encountered.
This way, they perceive the bait as something
safe and non-hazardous.
WHY REDUCED NEOPHOBIA?
Increase the attractiveness
Total consumption of pasta baits with and without Fluo - NP
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40
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120
140
Red Red Fluo-NP Yellow Fluo-NP Green Fluo-NP
Tota
l co
nsu
mp
tio
n (
g)
Total consumption of pasta baits with different colours
Fluo-NP: Visual acceptance of bait
The Fluo - NP contributes to the primary bait acceptance of Muskil, thereafter, the formulated ingredients enhance the palatability.
Muskil Fluo- NP: Fluorescent droppings
• Traceability of ingested bait
• Able to track rodent movement/ runs
Benefits to Professional users
• Less bait needed due to shorter baiting programs lowering overall treatment cost (Time and Resource).
• Effective program management of the pest and non-targets by tracking rodent activity.
• Effective control of anticoagulant resistant strains (Y139S and Y139C).
• Cost benefits extended into reduced call backs, customer satisfaction.
Stewardship and management benefits
• Contains human taste deterrent denatonium benzoate to avoid accidental ingestion.
• Relative low end toxicity to Non-targets compared with other SGAR’s: Good stewardship.
• Fluorescent colours are less toxic to humans than standard dyes in rodenticides
• Spilled, carried, used bait can be easier recovered by using UV torch, helping to reduce the risk to the environment and removing carried baits from sensitive areas.
• As Muskil FLUO NP will light up faeces of rodents, such faeces can show their contamination in sensitive areas and stress the need to control rodents and enable to clean contaminated sensitive areas
• Bait can be used indoors and around buildings for both rats and mice - thereby contributing to a reduction in stock holding and SKU management.