basal eudicots - university of wisconsin–madison · nymphaea odorata - water lily basal eudicots...

Basal Eudicots. . . transition from basal angiosperm

to advanced eudicot . . .

• already looked at basalangiosperms except monocots

Basal Eudicots

• Eudicots are the majority ofangiosperms and defined by 3 poredpollen - often called tricolpates

• tricolpate pollen: onlymorphological featuredefining eudicotsconsistently

Basal Eudicots• tricolpate pollen: aderived or advancedcharacter state that hasevolved essentially once

• selective advantage forpollen germination

Basal Eudicots

• basal eudicots are a grade at thebase of eudicots - paraphyletic

Basal Eudicots

• morphologically are transitionarybetween basal angiosperms and thecore eudicots

core eudicots

lotus lily

trochodendron

sycamore

Dutchman’s breeches marsh marigold boxwood

• basal eudicots are a grade at thebase of eudicots - paraphyletic

Basal Eudicots

• morphologically are transitionarybetween basal angiosperms and thecore eudicots

core eudicots

• examine two orders only:Ranunculales - 7 familiesProteales - 3 families

*Ranunculaceae (Ranunculales) -buttercup family

Basal Eudicots

• largest family of the basaleudicots

• 60 genera, 2500 species

• distribution centered intemperate and cold regions ofthe northern and southernhemispheres

Ranunculaceae


Basal Eudicots

• perennial herbs, sometimeswoody or herbaceous climbers orlow shrubs

baneberry clematis anemone


Basal Eudicots

• perennial herbs, sometimeswoody or herbaceous climbers orlow shrubs

• leaves, alternate sheathing,usually basal and cauline, oftendivided or compound, orpalmately lobed; no stipules.

marsh marigold

anemone


Basal Eudicots

• floral diversity enormous except ∞ stamens and ∞ separatecarpels

CA 3+ CO (0)5+ A ∞ G (1)3+

• insect (bird) pollination! nectar or pollen reward, radial orbilateral symmetry

anemonecolumbine

Achenes = 1 seededindehiscent, dry fruit

buttercup

Berries = ∞ seededfleshy fruit

baneberry

Follicles = ∞ seededdehiscent fruit

*Ranunculaceae (Ranunculales) - diverse fruit typesbuttercup family

Basal Eudicots

columbine

Aconitum columbianum - monks’ hood


Basal Eudicots

Actaea rubra - red baneberry


Basal Eudicots

Anemone patens - pasque flower Anemonella thalictroides - rue anemone

only sepals!


Basal Eudicots

Aquilegia canadensis - american columbine

sepals

petals


Basal Eudicots

Caltha palustris - marsh marigold

sepals only, follicles


Basal Eudicots

Ranunculus - buttercup, crowfoot

Sepals + petals, achenes


Basal Eudicots

Dioecious - with separate male and female plants,wind pollinated!

male female

Thalictrum dioicum - early meadow-rue

*Berberidaceae (Ranunculales) -barberry family

Basal Eudicots

• 13 genera, 660 species; widespread in temperate regions ofNorthern hemisphere - ArctoTertiary relict distribution

• small shrubs (Berberis) or herbs (rest of family).

Berberis - barberryPodophyllum - mayapple


Basal Eudicots

• all genera attacked by same familyof rusts

Berberis - barberryPodophyllum - mayapple

Podophyllum – mayapplewith Puccinia podophylli


Basal EudicotsCA 6 CO 6/9 A 6/9 G 1

• 3 merous flowers, 1 superior carpel,marginal placentation, berry

marginal

Podophyllum peltatum - mayapple


Basal Eudicots

Podophyllum hexandrum eastern Asia


Basal Eudicots

Berberis thunbergiiJapanese barberry

Berberis vulgarisEuropean barberry


Basal Eudicots

Caulophyllum thalictroidesBlue cohosh


Basal Eudicots

Jeffersonia diphylla - twinleaf4-merous!

J. dubiaEastern Asia

Menispermaceae (Ranunculales) -moonseed family

Basal Eudicots

• mainly tropical family, arrow poisons, usually viney

Menispermum canadense moonseed

• dioecious; separate carpels each produce one seeded drupes= fleshy with one bony seed

Chondrodendron curare

*Papaveraceae (Ranunculales) -poppy family

Basal Eudicots

• 25 genera and about 200 speciesmainly of north temperates

• herbaceous, alternate compoundleaves with colored latex, narcotics

celadine poppy


Basal Eudicots

• 2 deciduous sepals, petals crumpledin bud

CA 2 CO 4/8 A ∞ G (2-∞)

celadine poppy


Basal Eudicots

• pistil syncarpic forming capsule =dehiscent syncarpic fruit

Papaver somniferumopium poppy

celadine

CA 2 CO 4/8 A ∞ G (2-∞)

Sanguinaria canadensis - bloodroot


Basal Eudicots*Papaveraceae (Ranunculales) -poppy family

Basal Eudicots

Eschscholzia - California poppy Stylophorum - celadine poppy


Basal Eudicots

• family Fumariaceae now in Papaveraceae = zygomorphicpoppies with 2 carpels

Dicentra cucullaria - Dutchman’s breeches 2 carpellate capsules


Basal Eudicots

• family Fumariaceae now in Papaveraceae = zygomorphicpoppies with 2 carpels

Corydalis

• Proteales - unusual order of 3 families

• Nelumbonaceae - lotus lily family• Platanaceae - sycamore family• Proteaceae - macadamia family

Basal Eudicots

• all 3 share unusual fruiting structures- 1 carpellate fruits in “heads”

Basal EudicotsNelumbonaceae (Proteales) -lotus lily family

one genus and two species -one North American and thesecond East Asian (sacredoriental lotus lily)

Nelumbo lutea - lotus lily

once considered related towater lilies of Nymphaeaceae -now known to be convergence

Nymphaea odorata - water lily


one genus and two species -one North American and thesecond East Asian (sacredoriental lotus lily)

Habit is an aquatic, floating oremergent leaved, perennialherb. Leaves are simple,peltate. Inflorescence is asolitary flower.



P ∞ A ∞ G [∞]

• undifferentiated perianth - tepals• filamentous stamens (vs. laminar in water lilies)



• separate, superior one-seeded carpels but held in thecavities of the obconical receptacle

receptacle

carpels


P ∞ A ∞ G [∞]


• “fruit” is a woody receptacle cone with a nut-like seedlaying loose in each cavity


P ∞ A ∞ G [∞]

Basal EudicotsPlatanaceae (Proteales) - sycamores

1 genus with 10 species of northernhemisphere trees, distinctive bark

Platanus occidentalis - sycamore


• monoecious, female flowers apocarpicin spherical heads - wind pollination

• fruit = head of achenes (one seeded)

• achene with coma - ant dispersed


• European plane tree - Platanusx hybrida - important urbanshade tree

Basal EudicotsProteaceae (Proteales) - proteas

• large southern hemisphere family of 75genera, 1400 species - ecologically andmorphologically diverse

• inflorescences of 4 merous flowers withsingle superior carpel

Basal EudicotsProteaceae (Proteales) - proteas

• large southern hemisphere family of 75genera, 1400 species - ecologically andmorphologically diverse

• infructescence - often woody “cone”with single seeded fruits; serotinous

basal eudicots - university of wisconsin–madison · nymphaea odorata - water lily basal eudicots...

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