Basic Car Maintenance (preventive )

OBJECTIVES: Upon completion of the module, participants should be

able to:

1. Understand the reasons for applying preventive maintenance.

2. Identify Tools & Equipment needed. 3. Understand the essential operating systems within a car.

4. Identify basic car components. 5. Procedures in checking car parts. 6. Understand basic car maintenance and perform basic checks.

7. Useful tips to reduce maintenance cost.

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• Knowledge (pengetahuan)

(learning to know)

• Skills (kemahiran)

(learning to do)

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Reports from Tribunal Tuntutan Pengguna. In 2007 and 2008

Antara masalah pengguna yang dikenal pasti ialah.

1. Mutu pembaikan yang rendah.

2. Alat gantai yang digunakan tidak berkualiti.

3. Melakukan pembaikan melebihi daripada yang diminta.

4. Bayaran mahal.

5. Lambat.

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• Mempunyai pengetahuan teknikal tentang pembaikan kenderaan bermotor

• majoritinya (70.5%) menyatakan mereka mempunyai pengetahuan yang sedikit.

• 20.5% menyatakan mereka tidak mempunyai pentahuan langsung.

• Hanya 9 % mempunyai pengetahuan. (June 2010, Malaysian Journal of Consumer, Pg. 3).

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• 51.5% - menghantar kenderaan mereka setiap 5,000 km.

• 25% - setiap 10,000 km.

• 23.5% - mengikut keperluan iaitu apabila mengalami kerosakan.

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TOOLS & EQUIPMENT

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• Sockets

• Combination wrenches

• Pliers

• Screwdrivers (slotted & Phillips)

• Ratchet handle

• Extension bars

• Spark plug socket

• Ring spanner

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Sockets, Ratchet handle

Extension bars

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Combination wrenches

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Screwdrivers (slotted & Phillips)

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open spanner

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Ring spanner

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Pliers

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adjustable wrench

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hammer

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Spark plug socket

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tyre pressure gauge

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oil filter wrench

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Pipe or Jack Handle

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Jack

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oil container

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OIL PAN & DRAIN PLUG

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funnel

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hand gloves

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Rags

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Cap

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apron

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Mat or card board

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service creeper

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Shoes

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Over maintenance

&

Under maintenance

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• There are three types of maintenance on your car:

• Check your car. • Adjust your car. • Replace fluids and parts.

The first letters of these three maintenance

procedures can be remembered as the acronym C-A-R.

• Keep your vehicle properly tuned. Regular vehicle maintenance can improve fuel mileage by an average of 4.1% 37 TongKK

• Car maintenance should be performed on a regular basis:

• Fluids should be checked about every week.

• Adjustments should be made about every six months.

• Fluids and parts should be replaced every year or two.

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Purpose of Periodic Maintenance

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• 16-point inspection (RM30 value) - Engine oil - Brake fluid - Coolant levels - Battery - Lights - Tyres - Air filter - Fan belt - Automatic transmission fluid - Wiper blades - Power steering fluid - Windshield wash fluid - Absorber - Brake pad - Drive shaft - Tyre pressure

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1.Understand the essential operating systems within a car.

2. Identify basic car components.

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Vehicle Description

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Engine (enjin)

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• Energy is obtained from the combustion of gasoline, the conversion of a hydrocarbon to carbon dioxide and water. The combustion of octane follows this reaction:

2 C8H18 + 25 O2 → 16 CO2 + 18 H2O

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Cooling & Heater System (Sistem penyejukan & Pemanas)

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Drive train

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Suspension(penggantungan)

Physically supports the axles to ensure a better ride. Front suspension Rear suspension

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Steering

Changes the direction of travel of the vehicle

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Brakes (Brek)

Decelerate or stop the vehicle. Foot brakes Parking brakes

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Tires & Disc Wheels

Support the vehicle through contact with the road surface

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Body electrical

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Air Conditioner

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Every Seven Days or Once a Week— Whichever Comes First

• Brake Fluid Anti-lock Brake Reservoir • Clutch Fluid (5-M/T Only) • Automatic Transmission Fluid Dipstick • Engine Oil Fill Cap • Power Steering Fluid • Washer Fluid • Coolant Reservoir • Engine Oil Dipstick • Tyre pressure

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Location of car components

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Power Steering Fluid

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• Check your air filter for clogs.

• Replacing a clogged air filter can improve a vehicle's fuel mileage by as much as 10%.

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Coolant Reservoir

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Engine Oil Dipstick

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ATF CONDTION

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ATF LEVEL

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Brake Fluid Brake Reservoir

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• The brake fluid flush is one of the most frequently overlooked vehicle maintenance services.

• Brake fluids are hygroscopic (water absorbing), which means they absorb moisture from the atmosphere under normal humidity levels.

• Brake fluid is toxic and combustible and can damage painted surfaces.

• If the brake fluid gets too hot and boils it effectively puts air in the lines and will lead to brake failure.

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Boiling point ranges

• Dry boiling point Wet boiling point

• DOT 3 205 °C (401 °F) 140 °C (284 °F)

• DOT 4 230 °C (446 °F) 155 °C (311 °F)

• DOT 5 260 °C (500 °F) 180 °C (356 °F)

• DOT 5.1 270 °C (518 °F) 190 °C (374 °F)

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Oil Filter

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Battery

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Electrolyte level

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Battery water

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air filter

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fuel filter

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wiper blades

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brake pads

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brake shoes

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fan (V)belt

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timing belt

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The Least You Need to Know • Check your car’s oil level on the engine dipstick and add

oil as needed. • Check your car’s coolant level by removing the coolant

cap and add coolant if the level is low. • Check your car’s windshield washer fluid level by

removing the reservoir cap and add fluid as necessary. • Check your car’s power steering fluid level, if any, by

removing the power steering reservoir cap and visually inspecting the dipstick, adding new fluid if needed.

• Check your car’s brake (and clutch, if applicable) fluid level as recommended by the manufacturer.

• Check your car’s tire pressure using a pressure gauge, adding air if it is lower than recommended by the manufacturer.

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Tyre safety

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Male or Female ?

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Tires are Male

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Because they go bold easily and are often over

inflated .

Bolt & Nut

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A BIG JOB FOR A SMALL SURFACE

• The part of your tyre that is actually in contact with the road is only about the size of a man’s hand.

• Your safety, comfort and fuel economy depends on that very small surface.

• It’s important because your tyres: Are the only link between your vehicle and the road

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• Carry the entire weight of your car, a load of up to 50 times their own weight

• Respond to driving inputs such as steering, acceleration and braking from the car to the road surface

• Absorb every obstacle on the road

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Tyre safe limit is 1.6 mm of tread left.

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Tyre Damage types

Puncture Hump

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Note • Inspection by a professional is absolutely necessary

because internal damage is not visible while the tyre is mounted.

• But in one of the following situation the tyre definitely can not be repaired: 1. Punctures to the sidewall 2. Bead wire visible or distorted 3. Separation of rubbers or fabrics 4. Creases in rubbers or fabrics 5. Damage by hydrocarbons or corrosive substances. 6. Chafing or mottling of internal rubbers by running under inflated.

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• Tyre air pressure is expressed in pounds per square inch (psi) or

• kiloPascals (kPa), the metric designation

• Alignment

When all wheels on the vehicle are adjusted so that they are pointed in the optimum direction relative to the road and each other.

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A QUICK AND EASY SAFETY MEASURE

• Make sure to regularly check the tread depth of your tyres and replace them when they are worn.

• This will guarantee maximum traction and grip, helping you avoid any unpleasant surprises.

• Your safety depends on a good level of tread depth because:

• The tread grooves disperses water from underneath your tyre, helping maintain control

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• The more tread depth you have remaining on your tyres, the more water you can disperse and therefore reduce the risk of aquaplaning

• Correct air pressure as well as regular vehicle maintenance will ensure your tyres perform at their best for the longest possible time

• The tread grips to the road, affecting the distance you require for braking

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CHECK YOUR TYRE PRESSURE EVERY MONTH • Correct tyre pressure reduces the risk of losing

control of your vehicle. • It also protects your tyres from premature wear and

irreversible damage to the internal construction. • Tyre pressure can drop due to small perforations,

the natural escape of air through the tyre's components or even from a decrease in ambient temperatures.

• So it is important to check it least once a month, because:

• Low pressure increases the risk of damage to your tyres

• Excess pressure of 20% can reduce the life of your tyre by up to 10,000 kms

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• Correct tyre pressure will even save fuel

• The recommended tyre pressure can be found:

• In the User's Manual of your vehicle

• On the labels on the side door beside the driver's seat

• In the storage drawer near the driver's seat

• But NOT on the tyre. The inflation pressure shown on the tyre sidewall is only the maximum tyre inflation pressure.

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KEEP YOUR BALANCE FOR LONGER LIFE

• Balancing helps prevent premature wear of your tyres and eliminates vibration. It also protects the suspension, steering system and bearings of your vehicle.

• A wheel is out of balance when one area is heavier or lighter than the rest. This will cause:

• Uneven and rapid tread wear

• Vibration

• More stress on front-end parts causes front-end parts to wear prematurely

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• HE FIRST STEP TO REPAIR A TYRE IS TO SEE A PROFESSIONAL

• When a tyre needs to be repaired, it is essential to have an authorised tyre retailer or technician remove the tyre from the wheel and inspect it from the inside.

• It is absolutely necessary because internal damage is not visible while the tyre is mounted to the wheel. A professional will:

• Verify the internal condition of the tyre, detecting any damage not visible on the surface

• Ensure the correct methods and materials are used to repair the tyre

• Ensure the tyre is refitted correctly, optimising handling and comfort

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VALVE CAPS PROTECT YOU AND YOUR TYRES

• Valves and their components are ordinarily made of rubber, so they are subject to deterioration over time.

• Replace them when you buy new tyres. At high speeds, a cracked, deteriorated rubber valve stem can bend from centrifugal force and allow air loss.

• The valve cap is also important. It is the primary air seal and helps to keep out dust and dirt particles.

• You should check that your valves and valve caps are in good condition to:

• Maintain an airtight seal

• Maintain the correct tyre pressure

• Ensure longer tyre life

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After five years or more of use, inspection must be carried out at least once a year.

• As a precaution, if the tyres have not been replaced 10 years from their date of manufacture,

• It is recommend replacing them with new tyres even if they appear to be in usable condition and have not worn down to the tread wear indicator.

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Practical In This Lesson

• Adjusting the carburetor and throttle linkage on older cars.

• Checking Brake Fluid level

• Clutch Fluid level (5-M/T Only)

• Automatic Transmission Fluid level

• Engine Oil level

• Power Steering Fluid level

• Washer Fluid level

• Coolant Reservoir level

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Practical

In This Lesson:

• Visual inspection of tyres.

• Measuring the tyre pressure.

• How to replace a flat tyre.

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Flat tyre

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Even on a quick two-KM hop, make sure you have a good spare tire on board and the correct tools.

To change a flat tire, follow these steps:

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1- Switch the warning lights on. Stop your car in the emergency lane or other suitable area with a firm, level surface as far from the road as possible. •The best place to stop is away from a corner, where approaching vehicles may not be able to see you. •Put the hand brake on. •Ensure passengers are in a safe place out of the vehicle and away from the traffic. •Take the appropriate precautions for your own safety. Switch on the warning lights.

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2- Wedge one of the wheels. •Place a chock/wedge under the tyre that is diagonally opposite the tyre that needs to be changed. •Locate the vehicle jacking point nearest to the tyre needing to be changed. •There will be one for each wheel, usually located underneath the doors. •Extend the jack to fit into the jacking point and start to lift the car. •Before the tyre leave the ground, loosen the nuts, but do not remove them. •.

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vehicle jacking points

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3- Once the wheel clears the ground. Remove the nuts and put them in a clean place. 4- Remove the punctured wheel, Place the spare wheel on the hub. Tighten all the nuts lightly. 5- Lower the vehicle and remove the jack. Tighten the nuts firmly with the wrench. Put the tools and punctured tyre back in their correct storage place. 6- Return to the road, taking particularly care. Switch off the warning lights.

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TIPS OF THE DAY POWER TIPS before a Journey

• Petrol (Fuel)

• Oil

• Water

• Electrical

• Rubber

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TIPS OF THE DAY Fuel Saving

• Avoid Fast Starts - Don't be a hot-head! Aggressive

acceleration can reduce your fuel mileage by up to a whopping 33%!

• Know Your Oil - Improve your fuel mileage by up to 2% with the proper grade of motor oil.

• Watch The Weight - Excess weight in your vehicle can reduce fuel mileage by 1-2% so watch what you keep in your trunk.

• Keep It Tuned - Keeping up with regular vehicle maintenance can allow you to increase your fuel mileage by an average of 4.1%.

• Keep It Capped - Did you know about 147 million gallons of petrol evaporate every year from vehicles without petrol caps?

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TIPS OF THE DAY Buying Fuel • Only fill your tank during the coolest time of the

day―late evening or early morning. • Gas is more dense in cooler temperatures. And

since fuel pumps measure by volume, rather than by density, you’ll receive more gas for your RM.

• Don’t overfill your tank. If using an automatic nozzle, stop at the first click.

• Avoid the fuels or additives that claim to increase your gas mileage. The only thing these “wonder liquids” increase is your spending.

• If you don’t mind the inconvenience, only fill your tank half-full. Less fuel means less weight.

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TIPS OF THE DAY

• Proper maintenance helps your battery live to a ripe old age.

• Try: Using a battery lithium grease or anti-corrosion spray to help prevent corrosion, and a wire brush to remove present corrosion.

• Driving your car for an hour or two, at least every three weeks, to bring your battery to a full state of charge (the alternator will charge the battery while your motor is running).

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Battery

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Reference

• PERSEKUTUAN PERSATUAN PEMILIK BENGKEL KERETA, MALAYSIA. http://fawoam.org/en/home

• http://www.goodyear.com.au/tips-and-advice/car-tyres/tyre-maintenance.dot.

• http://www.ford.com/help/glossary/

• http://www.carama.com/

• http://www.boschcarservice.com.my/

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