basic computer skill

8/18/2019 Basic Computer Skill

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Basic ComputerUnderstanding and Skills

Instructor: Doug Bloodworth

Email: [email protected]

mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]


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Basic ComputerUnderstanding

Section 1: hat is a computer!Section 2: Di"erent #$pesSection %: Di"erent &perating S$stems

Section ': Di"erent BrandsSection (: Basic ComponentsSection ): *ow to Bu$ a computer

Section +: *ow a computer ,oots upSection -: Di"erent States o a computerSection /: I ,ought a computer0 now

what!


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Understanding hat is acomputer!

Computers are machines that perormtasks or calculations according to a set oinstructions0 or programs. #he rst ull$

electronic computers0 introduced in the1/'3s0 were huge machines that re4uiredteams o people to operate. Compared tothose earl$ machines0 toda$5s computers

are ama6ing. 7ot onl$ are the$ thousandso times aster0 the$ can t on $our desk0on $our lap0 or e8en in $our pocket


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Understanding 9 hat is acomputer!

Computers work through an interaction ohardware and sotware. *ardware reers to theparts o a computer that $ou can see andtouch0 including the case and e8er$thing inside

it. #he most important piece o hardware is atin$ rectangular chip inside $our computercalled the central processing unit C;Uthe part that translates instructions

and perorms calculations. *ardware itemssuch as $our monitor0 ke$,oard0 mouse0printer0 and other components are oten calledhardware de8ices0 or de8ices.


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• #he computer processes input through inputde8ices like mouse and ke$,oard.

• #he computer displa$s output through

output de8ices like color monitor andprinter.

• Computers ha8e ,ecome indispensa,le intoda$?s world. illions o people use

computers all o8er the world.• There are several uses of computers:


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• Word Processing ord ;rocessing sotware automaticall$ corrects spelling and grammarmistakes. I the content o a document repeats $ou don?t ha8e to t$pe it each time. Aou canuse the cop$ and paste eatures. Aou can printout documents and make se8eral copies. It iseasier to read a wordprocessed document than a handwritten one. Aou can add images to$our document.

• Internet It is a network o almost all the computers in the world. Aou can ,rowse throughmuch more inormation than $ou could do in a li,rar$. #hat is ,ecause computers can storeenormous amounts o inormation. Aou also ha8e 8er$ ast and con8enient access toinormation. #hrough Eail $ou can communicate with a person sitting thousands o miles

awa$ in seconds. #here is chat sotware that ena,les one to chat with another person on arealtime ,asis. ideo conerencing tools are ,ecoming readil$ a8aila,le to the common man.

• Digital video or audio composition 9 udio or 8ideo composition and editing ha8e ,eenmade much easier ,$ computers. It no longer costs thousands o dollars o e4uipment tocompose music or make a lm. raphics engineers can use computers to generate short orulllength lms or e8en to create threedimensional models. n$,od$ owning a computercan now enter the eld o media production. Special e"ects in science ction and actionmo8ies are created using computers.

• Desktop publishing ith desktop pu,lishing0 $ou can create page la$outs or entire

,ooks on $our personal computer.• Computers in Medicine Aou can diagnose diseases. Aou can learn the cures. Sotware is

used in magnetic resonance imaging to eamine the internal organs o the human ,od$.Sotware is used or perorming surger$. Computers are used to store patient data.

• Mathematical Calculations #hanks to computers0 which ha8e computing speeds o o8era million calculations per second we can perorm the ,iggest o mathematical calculations.

• Banks ll nancial transactions are done ,$ computer sotware. #he$ pro8ide securit$0speed and con8enience.


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• Travel &ne can ,ook air tickets or railwa$ tickets and make hotel reser8ationsonline.

• Telecommunications Sotware is widel$ used here. lso all mo,ile phones ha8esotware em,edded in them.

• Defense #here is sotware em,edded in almost e8er$ weapon. Sotware is used orcontrolling the Fight and targeting in ,allistic missiles. Sotware is used to controlaccess to atomic ,om,s.

• E!earning 9 Instead o a ,ook it is easier to learn rom an Elearning sotware.• "amblingAou can gam,le online instead o going to a casino.• E#aminationsAou can gi8e online eams and get instant results. Aou can check

$our eamination results online.• Computers in Business Shops and supermarkets use sotware0 which calculate

the ,ills. #aes can ,e calculated and paid online. ccounting is done usingcomputers. &ne can predict uture trends o ,usiness using articial intelligencesotware. Sotware is used in maGor stock markets. &ne can do trading online. #hereare ull$ automated actories running on sotware.

• Certi$cates Di"erent t$pes o certicates can ,e generated. It is 8er$ eas$ tocreate and change la$outs.

• %TM machines #he computer sotware authenticates the user and dispenses cash.• Marriage #here are matrimonial sites through which one can search or a suita,le

groom or ,ride.


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• &e's#here are man$ we,sites through which $ou can read the latest or oldnews.

• Classmates#here are man$ alumni we,sites through which $ou can regaincontact with $our classmates.

• (obotics Ho,ots are controlled ,$ sotware.• Washing Machines #he$ operate using sotware.• Micro'ave )ven #he$ are operated ,$ sotware.• Planning and *cheduling Sotware can ,e used to store contact inormation0

generating plans0 scheduling appointments and deadlines.• "reeting Cards Aou can send and recei8e greetings pertaining to di"erent

occasions.• *ports 9 Sotware is used or making umpiring decisions. #here are simulation

sotware using which a sportsperson can practice his skills. Computers are alsoto identi$ Faws in techni4ue.

•

%eroplanes 9 ;ilots train on sotware0 which simulates F$ing.• Weather anal+sis 9 Supercomputers are used to anal$6e and predict weather.

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n erstan ng erent #$pes

• Di,erent t+pes of Computers

Based on the operational principle o computers0 the$ arecategori6ed as analog computers and h$,rid computers.

•

%nalog Computers: #hese are almost etinct toda$. #heseare di"erent rom a digital computer ,ecause an analogcomputer can perorm se8eral mathematical operationssimultaneousl$. It uses continuous 8aria,les or mathematicaloperations and utili6es mechanical or electrical energ$.

http:www.$outu,e.comwatch!8J4t)Hrm8ho

• -+brid Computers: #hese computers are a com,ination o,oth digital and analog computers. In this t$pe o computers0the digital segments perorm process control ,$ con8ersion oanalog signals to digital ones.

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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qt6RVrmvh-ohttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qt6RVrmvh-o


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-+brid Computers E#amples:

1.,om, site on a 2 ,om,er. Instead ousing ones and 6eros0 it had a series o

continuous gears into which actors theairplane5s speed and altitude that could ,eused to actor the eact time to drop the,om,s.

2.the computer used in hospitals to measurethe heart,eat o the patient. *$,rid achinesare generall$ used in scientic applications orin controlling industrial processes

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Kollowing are some o the other important t$pes o computers.

• Mainframe Computers: Large organi6ations use mainramesor highl$ critical applications such as ,ulk data processing andEH;. ost o the mainrame computers ha8e the capacities tohost multiple operating s$stems and operate as a num,er o8irtual machines and can thus su,stitute or se8eral smallser8ers.

• Microcomputers: computer with a microprocessor and itscentral processing unit is known as a microcomputer. #he$ donot occup$ space as much as mainrames. hen supplemented

with a ke$,oard and a mouse0 microcomputers can ,e called aspersonal computers. monitor0 a ke$,oard and other similarinput output de8ices0 computer memor$ in the orm o H anda power suppl$ unit come packaged in a microcomputer. #hesecomputers can t on desks or ta,les and ser8e as the ,estchoices or singleuser tasks.

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;ersonal computers come in a 8ariet$ o orms such asdesktops0 laptops and personal digital assistants. Let uslook at each o these t$pes o computers.

•Desktops: desktop is intended to ,e used on a single

location. #he spare parts o a desktop computer are readil$a8aila,le at relati8e lower costs. ;ower consumption is notas critical as that in laptops. Desktops are widel$ popularor dail$ use in workplaces and households.•!aptops: Similar in operation to desktops0 laptopcomputers are miniaturi6ed and optimi6ed or mo,ile use.

Laptops run on a single ,atter$ or an eternal adapter thatcharges the computer ,atteries. #he$ are ena,led with anin,uilt ke$,oard0 touch pad acting as a mouse and a li4uidcr$stal displa$. Its porta,ilit$ and capacit$ to operate on,atter$ power ha8e ser8ed as a ,oon or mo,ile users.

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• Personal Digital %ssistants .PD%s/: It is a handheldcomputer and popularl$ known as a palmtop. It has a touchscreen and a memor$ card or storage o data. ;Ds canalso ,e e"ecti8el$ used as porta,le audio pla$ers0 we,,rowsers and smart phones. ost o them can access theInternet ,$ means o Bluetooth or iKi communication.

• Minicomputers: In terms o si6e and processing capacit$0minicomputers lie in ,etween mainrames andmicrocomputers. inicomputers are also called midranges$stems or workstations. #he term ,egan to ,e popularl$used in the 1/)3s to reer to relati8el$ smaller thirdgeneration computers. #he$ took up the space that would,e needed or a rerigerator or two and used transistor andcore memor$ technologies. #he 12,it ;D;- minicomputero the Digital E4uipment Corporation was the rstsuccessul minicomputer.

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• *upercomputers: #he highl$ calculationintensi8e tasks can ,ee"ecti8el$ perormed ,$ means o supercomputers. Muantumph$sics0 mechanics0 weather orecasting0 molecular theor$ are,est studied ,$ means o supercomputers. #heir a,ilit$ o parallelprocessing and their welldesigned memor$ hierarch$ gi8e thesupercomputers0 large transaction processing powers.

• Wearable Computers: recordsetting step in the e8olution ocomputers was the creation o weara,le computers. #hesecomputers can ,e worn on the ,od$ and are oten used in thestud$ o ,eha8ior modeling and human health. ilitar$ and healthproessionals ha8e incorporated weara,le computers into theirdail$ routine0 as a part o such studies. hen the users? hands and

sensor$ organs are engaged in other acti8ities0 weara,lecomputers are o great help in tracking human actions. eara,lecomputers are consistentl$ in operation as the$ do not ha8e to ,eturned on and o" and are constantl$ interacting with the user.


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hat Computer t$pe am I!


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Understanding Di"erent&perating S$stems

• &perating S$stem or &S is sotware0consisting o programs and data0 that runson computers0 manages computerhardware resources0 and pro8ides commonser8ices or eecution o 8arious applicationsotware. #he operating s$stem is the mostimportant t$pe o s$stem sotware in acomputer s$stem. ithout an operating

s$stem0 a user cannot run an applicationprogram on their computer0 unless theapplication program is sel ,ooting.

Understanding Di"erent


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• n &S has ,rand 7ame

• Each Brand has di"erent 8ersions o&S

• Can an$one name a ,rand name oan &S!



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• Common Brands. indows or ac

• &thers: U7IN Linu0 oogle Chrome &S07o8el

•

Beore indows0 icrosot used Dos. Doswas a non UI &S raphical UserInterace<

• indow 8ersions: indows CE0 indows

%.0 indows /(0 indows /-0 indows /-SE0 indows E0 indows 7#0 indows23330 indows N;0 indows ista0 indows+



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• ac 8ersions: pple D&S %.10 ppleS$stem 1+0 ac &S -0 ac &S /0 ac &S130 ac &S N

• UniLinu got its start in 1/(+ Bell La,sound the$ needed an operating s$stemor their computer center that at the timewas running 8arious ,atch Go,s. #heBESAS operating s$stem was created atBell La,s to deal with these needs.



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• UniLinu has man$ 8ariations or,rands that ha8e e8ol8ed since then

• Brands: BSD0 KreeBSD0 SC&Caldera0Hed *at0 Solaris0 Linu

• Linu was not started until 1//10 ,utit is the most noted U7IN &S



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• #oda$?s computers are: 1. ultiuser multiuser operating s$stem allows or

multiple users to use the same computer at the same timeand di"erent times.

2. ultiprocessing n operating s$stem capa,le osupporting and utili6ing more than one computer processor.

%. ultitasking n operating s$stem that is capa,le oallowing multiple sotware processes to run at the same

time.

'. ultithreading &perating s$stems that allow di"erentparts o a sotware program to run concurrentl$.



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n erstan ng as c


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n erstan ng as cComponents

• http:8ideos.howstu"works.comhowstu"works2%computertour8ideo.htm

• other,oard

• C;U 9 Central ;rocessing Unit• H 9 Handom ccess emor$

• ideo Card

•

;ower Suppl$• *ard disk or dri8e

• &ptical Dri8e

http://videos.howstuffworks.com/howstuffworks/23-computer-tour-video.htmhttp://videos.howstuffworks.com/howstuffworks/23-computer-tour-video.htmhttp://videos.howstuffworks.com/howstuffworks/23-computer-tour-video.htmhttp://videos.howstuffworks.com/howstuffworks/23-computer-tour-video.htm


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Understanding BasicComponents


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• http:00'''1video2ug1com0$lm0'hatcomponentsareinsidem+computer

•

-ard'are and *oft'are ll o thesecomponents are usuall$ ound within thetower o a desktop computer. #he$ arereerred to as =hardware=. *ardware can

,e thought o as the actual ph$sicalcomponents that go into the computer.=Sotware= reers to the programs ands$stems that operate within the hardware.

d di i

http://www.videojug.com/film/what-components-are-inside-my-computerhttp://www.videojug.com/film/what-components-are-inside-my-computerhttp://www.videojug.com/film/what-components-are-inside-my-computerhttp://www.videojug.com/film/what-components-are-inside-my-computer


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U d di B i


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• The Motherboard #he mother,oard is the OheartP o thecomputer. It is the largest and most undamental componento a ;C and e8er$ other component is attached to it in somewa$. #his is ,ecause all the di"erent components use themother,oard to communicate and work with each other.

#he mother,oard has a series o slots0 sockets andconnectors or attaching the components o a ;C.In most cases0 the memor$0 accessor$ cards0 and C;U areinstalled directl$ onto the mother,oard. #he dri8es andperipherals communicate with the mother,oard throughwired connections.

#here are a wide range o mother,oards to choose rom. #he$ di"er in eatures0 speed0 capacit$ and the C;Usupported. #he$ also di"er in si6e0 shape and la$out0 this iscommonl$ reerred to as the =orm actor=

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• The CP3 C;U stands or Central ;rocessingUnit. #his is the ,rain o the computer and isoten reerred to as the =processor= or the =chip=.It is ound under a heat sink and an and sits

directl$ on the mother,oard.

#he C;U directs0 coordinates and communicateswith the other components and perorms all othe =thinking=. It5s not reall$ thinking0 what a C;U

actuall$ does is perorm mathematicalcalculations. It is the sotware that people writethat translates those calculations into useulunctions or us.

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• (%M H stands or Handom ccess emor$0and comes as modules in predened amounts. Itis also ound directl$ on the mother,oard andusuall$ in one0 two or our slots. #he memor$

chips store inormation0 temporaril$0 or shortterm use ,$ the C;U. H is used to storeinormation or les that are actuall$ ,eing used,$ the C;U at an$ gi8en time.

#he computer5s H memor$ is an entirel$di"erent thing rom the hard disk =memor$=. #hehard disk stores inormation =permanentl$= orlong term use.

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• The "raphics Card #he graphics cardor 8ideo card translates inormation intothe graphics and tet that appear on themonitor screen.ost mother,oards now include a slotspecicall$ designed or the graphicsadapter called the ; slot. #his standsor d8anced raphics ;ort.odern graphics adapters usuall$incorporate some memor$ right on thecard to impro8e their perormance.

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• The Po'er *uppl+ #his suppliespower to the other components0which is wh$ it has so man$ wires

coming out o it.It is usuall$ positioned at the ,acktop corner o the computer case. #he

power suppl$ has a an ,uilt into it tokeep itsel and the computer cool.

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• The -ard Disk hard disk which is also called a=hard dri8e= is much like a ling ca,inet. #heprograms and data are stored on the hard disk and thecomputer accesses them as the$ are needed. henthe computer accesses the hard dri8e0 it is reading

and mo8ing the stored inormation into the Hmemor$. #hat memor$ is the temporar$ workspace.*owe8er0 the original le is still on the hard disk and islet undistur,ed until the le is sa8ed.

hen the computer stores or =sa8es= inormation0 it

writes the data to the hard disk. #hat process resultsin the old le ,eing replaced or modied with the newinormation. I $ou sa8e data to a new le0 or installnew sotware0 the inormation is written to the disk inan a8aila,le0 unused portion o the disk.

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• The )ptical Drive #he opticaldri8e is oten called a DD dri8e0 or aCD dri8e. It sits at the ront o the

computer or ease o access0 anduses a laser to read and writeinormation to CD5s and DD5s

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Understanding *ow to Bu$ acomputer

• hat is important to an$ computer purchase!1. Ham 9 i mone$ is tight0 ,u$ more H ,$ choosing a lesser C;U or smaller hard dri8e.

Kor indow+ ,u$ 2 B 9 ' B.2. C;U or processor 9 a multicore C;U is mandator$ toda$ in desktops and laptop. C;U

speed is less important toda$ ,ecause the$ are all 8er$ ast.http:www.cpu,enchmark.netcommonQcpus.html

%. *ard dri8e 9 et the largest $ou can 2(3 9 (33 B

cool0 the$ last longer. *andle $our power suppl$ cord gentl$ o8er time0 itwill need replacing. Laptops are nice on porta,ilit$0 ,ut Gust epect toreplace it sooner than a desktop

– inicomputer 9 8er$ con8enient and un. #he$ are not ull unctioning ;Cs.Kun to ha8e in addition to $our desktop or laptop. Eample: $our desktopha8e $our music le on it0 $ou $our minicomputer to pla$ les rom it


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U d t di * t B


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• Unless $ou ha8e a geek in the amil$0 I wouldnot recommend ,u$ing a used computer.

• now who $ou are ,u$ing rom: alart doesnot make computers0 so i $ou ha8e trou,le

ater $our %3 da$s are up0 what do $ou do!• Bu$ing rom a local compan$ can ha8e it

ad8antages in support0 ,ut $ou will pa$ more.

• Bu$ing rom maGor ,rands like: *; and Dell is

nice to. #he$ o"er $ou 2' hour support0online selhelp0 online training andinstruction0 online computer anal$sis0 etcT.

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• Do $ou need a ,luera$ pla$er! #he$ dri8e thecost up on computers0 so ask $oursel will I e8eruse it.

• ost monitors companies o"er will meet $ourneeds. #here are man$ t$pes and 4ualit$ omonitors0 ,ut most new computers come with adescent 1-23 inch monitor.

• n eternal USB dri8e is nice to ha8e or ,akups.& course $ou can use $our DD writer or onlineser8ice or ,ackups.

• ;rinters 9 #he allinone printers Copier0 Scan0and ;rint< are the wa$ to go. Kor printingpictures0 I recommend using a commercialser8ice. It is hard to ,u$ photo paper and ink orwhat companies can do it or $ou.

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• #oda$0 most computers come with e8er$thing$ou need. #here are not a lot o accessoriesthat people need to ,u$ etra

• ake sure it comes with a wired &ptical ouseand wired ke$,oard. ireless is nice0 ,ut $ouwill soon get tired o replacing ,atteries

• ost computes ha8e a standard sound card

and speakers0 which meets most peoplesneeds

• e,Cam 9 8er$ nice in sa8ing long distancecalls


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Understanding *ow a


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Understanding *ow acomputer ,oots up



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Understanding Di"erentStates o a computer

Understanding I ,ought a


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Understanding I ,ought acomputer0 now what!


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Basic Computer Skills

Section 1: hat is $ Desktop!Section 2: Basic Desktop 7a8igationSection %: Start ,uttonSection ': $ Kiles

Section (: Customi6ing Aour DesktopSection (: Control ;anelSection ): dministration #oolsSection +: orking ith Kolders and KilesSection -: orking ith ;rograms

Section /: anaging indowsSection 13: Logging &n and &" indowsSection 11: ;rotecting Aour computer


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Basic Computer Skills Co8er

• Use a mouse to point0 click anddou,leclick

• e$,oard and t$ping tips

• &pening and closing sotware les

• ccessing a CDH&

•

Locating a sa8ed le• *ow to cop$ and paste les or tet


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#BD


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basic computer skill

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