MICROCOMPUTERS BASED BREAD MAKING

MACHINEBY:- Dhruvin Patel (140110111033) Harshit Patel (140110111034) Nirav Patel (140110111041) Prerak Trivedi (140110111045)

What Microcomputers Are?

• A microcomputer is a small, relatively inexpensive computer with a microprocessor as its central processing unit (CPU).[2] It includes a microprocessor, memory, and input/output (I/O) facilities. Microcomputers became popular in the 1970s and 80s with the advent of increasingly powerful microprocessors. • The predecessors to these computers, mainframes and

minicomputers, were comparatively much larger and more expensive (though indeed present-day mainframes such as the IBM System z machines use one or more custom microprocessors as their CPUs).• Many microcomputers (when equipped with a keyboard and screen

for input and output) are also personal computers (in the generic sense).

Origin of the term ’MICROCOMPUTERS’

• The term microcomputer came into popular use after the introduction of the minicomputer, although Isaac Asimov used the term microcomputer in his short story "The Dying Night" as early as 1956 (published in The Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction in July that year).• Most notably, the microcomputer replaced the many separate components

that made up the minicomputer's CPU with one integrated microprocessor chip. The French developers of the Micral N (1973) filed their patents with the term "Micro-ordinateur", a literal equivalent of "Microcomputer", to designate the first solid state machine designed with a microprocessor.• In the USA, the earliest models such as the Altair 8800 were often sold as kits

to be assembled by the user, and came with as little as 256 bytes of RAM, and no input/output devices other than indicator lights and switches, useful as a proof of concept to demonstrate what such a simple device could do

• Monitors, keyboards and other devices for input and output may be integrated or separate. Computer memory in the form of RAM, and at least one other less volatile, memory storage device are usually combined with the CPU on a system bus in one unit. Other devices that make up a complete microcomputer system include batteries, a power supply unit, a keyboard and various input/output devices used to convey information to and from a human operator (printers, monitors, human interface devices). • Microcomputers are designed to serve only one user at a time, although they can often

be modified with software or hardware to concurrently serve more than one user. Microcomputers fit well on or under desks or tables, so that they are within easy access of users. Bigger computers like minicomputers, mainframes, and supercomputers take up large cabinets or even dedicated rooms.

• A microcomputer comes equipped with at least one type of data storage, usually RAM. Although some microcomputers (particularly early 8-bit home micros) perform tasks using RAM alone, some form of secondary storage is normally desirable. In the early days of home micros, this was often a data cassette deck (in many cases as an external unit). Later, secondary storage (particularly in the form of floppy disk and hard disk drives) were built into the microcomputer case.

What is a digital computer?

How does a computer thinks?

Basic computer system organisation

Bread Making Machine

• Figure shows a simplified schematic diagram of a microcomputer-controlled breadmaking machine.

• A microcomputer along with its timing circuit, keypad, and display unit controls the heating resistor, fan motor, and bread-ingredient mixing motor by means of digitally activated switches.

• An analog temperature sensor, through an A/D converter, provides the status of temperature to themicrocomputer.

• A digital timer circuit counts down, showing the time remaining in the process.• The control programs are stored in ROM and determine when and how long the

machine should mix the ingredients added to the bread pan, when and how long the heating resistor should be turned on or off for various parts of the cycle, and when and how long the fan should be on to cool the loaf after baking is finished.

• The parameters such as light, medium, or dark bread crust are entered through the keypad into RAM.

• The control programs are stored in ROM and determine when and how long the machine should mix the ingredients added to the bread pan, when and how long the heating resistor should be turned on or off for various parts of the cycle, and when and how long the fan should be on to cool the loaf after baking is finished. • The parameters such as light, medium, or dark bread crust are

entered through the keypad into RAM.

• According to the programs stored and the parameters entered, the machine initially mixes the ingredients for several minutes. The heating resistor is turned on to warm the yeast, causing the dough to rise while a temperature of about 90°F is maintained. The time remaining and the temperature are continually checked until the baked loaf is cooled, and the finished bread is finally ready in about 4 hours.• Microprocessors and computers in various forms are used

extensively in household appliances, automobiles, and industrial equipment.

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